robert owen

ROBERT OWENROBERT OWENROBERT OWENROBERT OWENROBERT OWENROBERT OWENROBERT OWENROBERT OWEN

� Name : FAIRUZName : FAIRUZName : FAIRUZName : FAIRUZ� Name : FAIRUZName : FAIRUZName : FAIRUZName : FAIRUZ

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� SUBJECT : SUBJECT : SUBJECT : SUBJECT : PRINCIPLES OF HUMAN SETTLEMENT AND URBAN DESIGNPRINCIPLES OF HUMAN SETTLEMENT AND URBAN DESIGNPRINCIPLES OF HUMAN SETTLEMENT AND URBAN DESIGNPRINCIPLES OF HUMAN SETTLEMENT AND URBAN DESIGN

� SEMESTER : VIISEMESTER : VIISEMESTER : VIISEMESTER : VII

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� SUBJECT : SUBJECT : SUBJECT : SUBJECT : PRINCIPLES OF HUMAN SETTLEMENT AND URBAN DESIGNPRINCIPLES OF HUMAN SETTLEMENT AND URBAN DESIGNPRINCIPLES OF HUMAN SETTLEMENT AND URBAN DESIGNPRINCIPLES OF HUMAN SETTLEMENT AND URBAN DESIGN

� SEMESTER : VIISEMESTER : VIISEMESTER : VIISEMESTER : VII

ROBERT OWEN : ROBERT OWEN : ROBERT OWEN : ROBERT OWEN : INTRODUCTIONINTRODUCTIONINTRODUCTIONINTRODUCTIONROBERT OWEN : ROBERT OWEN : ROBERT OWEN : ROBERT OWEN : INTRODUCTIONINTRODUCTIONINTRODUCTIONINTRODUCTION

Robert Owen as a Welsh social reformer

He was one of the founders of Utopian

Socialism and the Cooperative Movement.

Born on the 14th May 1771, in Newton, Wales.

Robert was the sixth of seven childrenRobert was the sixth of seven children

His father Robert Owen was a saddler and

ironmonger

His mother came from one of the prosperous

farming families of Newtown.

He was an intelligent boy who read avidly, loved

music and was good at sports.

On November 17, 1858 Owen died in the Bear

Hotel, next door to the house in which he was born.

ROBERT OWEN : ROBERT OWEN : ROBERT OWEN : ROBERT OWEN : CAREER EXPERIENCESCAREER EXPERIENCESCAREER EXPERIENCESCAREER EXPERIENCESROBERT OWEN : ROBERT OWEN : ROBERT OWEN : ROBERT OWEN : CAREER EXPERIENCESCAREER EXPERIENCESCAREER EXPERIENCESCAREER EXPERIENCES

In 1781 , In 1781 , In 1781 , In 1781 , Robert Owen was forced leave school at the age of 10at the age of 10at the age of 10at the age of 10 to seek his fortune in London with his

eldest brother, William.

After few weeks, he was apprenticed to a draper named McGuffey where he gained knowledge of fabrics

and began his career in the textile industry.

After three years three years three years three years he served under another draper.

In 1788 , In 1788 , In 1788 , In 1788 , He moved to Manchester which was known as the epicenter of the Industrial RevolutionIn 1788 , In 1788 , In 1788 , In 1788 , He moved to Manchester which was known as the epicenter of the Industrial Revolution

There he formed a partnership with a mechanic to open a factory that made cotton spinning machinery.

By the time he was 21 he was 21 he was 21 he was 21 he was a mill manager in Manchester

In 1790 , In 1790 , In 1790 , In 1790 , His entrepreneurial spirit, management skill and progressive moral views were emerging

In 1793 , In 1793 , In 1793 , In 1793 , he was elected as a member of the Manchester Literary and Philosophical Society where the

ideas of reformers and philosophers of the Enlightenment were discussed.

He also became a committee member of the Manchester Board of Health which was set up to promote

improvements in the health and working conditions of factory workers..

During 1794179417941794----1795 1795 1795 1795 Owen formed the Chorlton Twist Company in which two old and established firms

took part.

UTOPIANS UTOPIANS UTOPIANS UTOPIANS UTOPIANS UTOPIANS UTOPIANS UTOPIANS

The depressed condition of housing for the poor

impressed some of the 19th century industrial leaders

They recognized that their present privileged

state was connected with the masses of workers on

whom they directly or indirectly depended.whom they directly or indirectly depended.

They sensed the problems and conditions of the

poor presented to the future of the industrial

economy.

These industrial leaders grouped together to form

a community or society known as Utopian society.

They are known for their perfect qualities

A number of Utopian communities were

proposed.

ROBERT OWEN : ROBERT OWEN : ROBERT OWEN : ROBERT OWEN : PHILOSOPHYPHILOSOPHYPHILOSOPHYPHILOSOPHYROBERT OWEN : ROBERT OWEN : ROBERT OWEN : ROBERT OWEN : PHILOSOPHYPHILOSOPHYPHILOSOPHYPHILOSOPHY

Robert Owen was a Utopian theorist who was moved by the

conditions of industrial workers which was made worse by increasing

unemployment

He identified the flaws taking place in his society

He hoped for a world free of human suffering

Owen was against “Noninterference” unlike other theoristsOwen was against “Noninterference” unlike other theorists

Noninterference means the government will not help workers’ life

conditions

He believed a company’s earnings should be used to improve the

community

He thought the wealth brought buy the industrial revolution

should help more people rather than the few it was enriching

He called for “Public Ownership of Property” which was later

known as “Utopian socialism”Utopian socialism”

ROBERT OWEN’S WORK : ROBERT OWEN’S WORK : ROBERT OWEN’S WORK : ROBERT OWEN’S WORK : New Lanark MillNew Lanark MillNew Lanark MillNew Lanark MillROBERT OWEN’S WORK : ROBERT OWEN’S WORK : ROBERT OWEN’S WORK : ROBERT OWEN’S WORK : New Lanark MillNew Lanark MillNew Lanark MillNew Lanark Mill

In 1799 he married Caroline Dale, whose father

owned the New Lanark Mills located in Scotland.

The mill consist of approx. 2000 employees

In 1800, he became the manager of the mills.

It was at this mill that he was able to put into

practice some of his ideas on how to treat workers practice some of his ideas on how to treat workers

and children better.

He believed that if workers were happy in their

lives then they would be much happier at work. This

would mean that they would work harder and

produce much more.

He was going to introduce changes that would

improve the lives of those living and working in the

village.


When Owen arrived at New Lanark he found that the workers

had many problems such as :

Poverty, drunkenness etc

Workers were illiterate and did not clean themselves.

Some were so poor they could only afford to live in a one Some were so poor they could only afford to live in a one

room house

People did not eat well which affected their health.

This was because the shop where they bought their food

often mixed unhealthy products into the main foods sold.

Sugar, flour and tea would all be mixed with shoddy goods.

This meant the shop made lots of money but the people

were sold bad goods.


Owen established a model factory which has following characteristics such as :

� Paid fair wages

� Employed no child under age ten

� Free medical services

�� Built affordable workers' housing

� Established schools

� Provided religious instruction and recreational facilities

As a Result :

� Visitors to the mill would comment about the excellent manners of the children, the happiness

of the workers, and how well the mill runs.

� The other owners of the mill were always moaning that Owens's ideas cost so much money

ROBERT OWEN’S WORK : ROBERT OWEN’S WORK : ROBERT OWEN’S WORK : ROBERT OWEN’S WORK : New Harmony CityNew Harmony CityNew Harmony CityNew Harmony CityROBERT OWEN’S WORK : ROBERT OWEN’S WORK : ROBERT OWEN’S WORK : ROBERT OWEN’S WORK : New Harmony CityNew Harmony CityNew Harmony CityNew Harmony City

Owen constructed a plan to connect communities world wide

He dreamt of a community that would stop crime and violence and other immoral acts

Owen believed the way to put his plan into action was through education

In Owens's communal society :

� Everyone would share equal rights.

� There would be no division of labor.

� There would be no wage system.

� Everyone would work in peace and harmony

� He wanted groups of families to live

within the communities and help each out

in their day to day lives.

� He believed this would end poverty


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1. Public Building

His most famous attempt to make this work, happened in New Harmony, Indiana.

Communal building consisted of rows of square dwellings surrounding large gardens.

Each community was surrounded by an agricultural area of about 1000-1500acres to supplement

industrial employment.

New Harmony, Indiana designed by Robert Owen includes :

1. Public Building

2. Gymnasium or covered placed for exercise attached to infant school

3. Lodging houses meant for the married couples and their 2 children

4. Public kitchen, mess-rooms, and all the accommodation required for cooking and eating

5. Consists of Infant school , Infirmary , lecture room and place of worship

6. Consists of school for the elder children & committee-room on the ground floor while library,

detached reading room & printing offices are placed above

7. Ball room & Music Room

8. Theatre for lectures, exhibition, discussion etc. & small laboratory

9. Museum with Library of description & reference, rooms for preparing specimens.


10. Consists of Brew Houses, Bakery, Laundry etc arranged at the base of towers

11. Dormitories for all the children exceeding two in a family, or above three years of age.

12. Apartments for general superintendents, clergyman, schoolmasters, surgeon etc

13. Accommodation for strangers who may come from a distance to see their friends and

relativesrelatives

14. Store-rooms for all the articles required for the use of the establishment.

15. Esplanade 100 feet wide, above 12 feet above the natural surface

16. Building for manufacturing & mechanical purposes & slaughter house etc

17. Arcade and its terrace, giving both a covered & an open communication with every part of

building

18. Subway leading to Kitchen & Loading /Unloading space

19. Paved Footpath

20. Factories and workshops were located along the outside boundary of the community.


Owen hoped that there would be lots of “utopian” communities like this.

In reality, the utopian community only lasted for two years because it cost so much.

Therefore his dream of communal building was just a dream.

Still, Owens's accomplishments would leave an impact on society and lead the way to a new

way of thinking for workersway of thinking for workers

CONTRIBUTION BY ROBERT OWENCONTRIBUTION BY ROBERT OWENCONTRIBUTION BY ROBERT OWENCONTRIBUTION BY ROBERT OWENCONTRIBUTION BY ROBERT OWENCONTRIBUTION BY ROBERT OWENCONTRIBUTION BY ROBERT OWENCONTRIBUTION BY ROBERT OWEN

His work inspired infant education, humane working

practices, the Co-operative Movement, trade unionism,

and garden cities.

Even today New Lanark attracts visitors from all over Even today New Lanark attracts visitors from all over

the world who come to see the historic buildings and

visit the award-winning Visitor Centre.

Robert Owens's legacy continues to inspire New

Lanark Trust, the independent Scottish charity which is

dedicated to restoring and caring for the historic village

of New Lanark in Southern Scotland.

The site is now a World Heritage Site.

JAMES SILK BUCKINGHAMJAMES SILK BUCKINGHAMJAMES SILK BUCKINGHAMJAMES SILK BUCKINGHAMJAMES SILK BUCKINGHAMJAMES SILK BUCKINGHAMJAMES SILK BUCKINGHAMJAMES SILK BUCKINGHAM

Outer Square : 1,000 Houses and Gardens, 20 feet frontage, 100

feet deep.

Second Square : Covered Arcade for Workshops, 100 feet wide.

Third Square : 560 Houses and Gardens, 28 feet frontage, 130

feet deep.

Fourth Square : Covered Arcade for Retail Bazaars, 100 feet wide.

MODEL TOWN :MODEL TOWN :MODEL TOWN :MODEL TOWN :

Designed for a temperance

community which will

accommodate about 10,000

inhabitantsFourth Square : Covered Arcade for Retail Bazaars, 100 feet wide.

Fifth Square : 296 Houses and Gardens, 38 feet frontage, 160 feet

deep

Sixth Square : Covered Arcade for Winter Promenade, 100 feet

wide.

Seventh Square : 120 Houses and Gardens, 54 feet frontage, 200

feet deep.

Central Square : 24 Mansions and Gardens, 80 feet frontage, 250

feet deep.

Churches or Places of Public Worship, 200 feet by 130.

CONCLUSIONCONCLUSIONCONCLUSIONCONCLUSIONCONCLUSIONCONCLUSIONCONCLUSIONCONCLUSION

Robert Owen was a generous man who not only thought of

improving the life of workers but also wanted to connect communities.

Architecturally New Harmony City was not feasible to construct.

It had many flaws when it comes to zoning of spaces

Entire city was designed in the form of a square surrounded by

dwellings and central buildings placed at the corners and midpoint.dwellings and central buildings placed at the corners and midpoint.

There is no connectivity between any spaces.

Children of age above 3 where placed in dormitories which was

located far away from their families.

Placement of industries far away from dwellings was a good idea

but too far was a bad one.

Overall connectivity of communities worked fine but architecturally

it was not feasible in terms of cost and zoning.

In spite of its failure, Robert Owens's idea was later used in the

development of garden city

ROBERT OWENROBERT OWENROBERT OWENROBERT OWENROBERT OWENROBERT OWENROBERT OWENROBERT OWEN

THANK YOUTHANK YOUTHANK YOUTHANK YOUTHANK YOUTHANK YOUTHANK YOUTHANK YOU

robert owen

Education

father robert owen

introduction robert

philosophy robert owen

robert owens work

conditions of factory

utopian society

affordable workers

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