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Copyright © 2013 Pearson Education

Organizational Organizational BehaviorBehavior

15th Global Edition15th Global Edition

Emotions and MoodsEmotions and Moods

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Robbins and JudgeChapter4


Chapter 4 Learning ObjectivesChapter 4 Learning Objectives

After studying this chapter you should be able to:After studying this chapter you should be able to:

Differentiate emotions from moods and list the basic emotions and moods.Differentiate emotions from moods and list the basic emotions and moods.

Discuss whether emotions are rational and what functions they serve.Discuss whether emotions are rational and what functions they serve.

Identify the sources of emotions and moods.Identify the sources of emotions and moods.

Show the impact emotional labor has on employees.Show the impact emotional labor has on employees.

Describe affective events theory and identify its applications.Describe affective events theory and identify its applications.

Contrast the evidence for and against the existence of emotional intelligence.Contrast the evidence for and against the existence of emotional intelligence.

Be able to identify strategies for emotion regulation and their likely effects.Be able to identify strategies for emotion regulation and their likely effects.

Apply concepts about emotions and moods to specific OB issues.Apply concepts about emotions and moods to specific OB issues.

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Differentiate Emotions from Moods,Differentiate Emotions from Moods,List the Basic Emotions and MoodsList the Basic Emotions and Moods

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LO 1

The “Myth of Rationality”The “Myth of Rationality” Emotions were seen as irrationalEmotions were seen as irrational Managers worked to make emotion-free environmentsManagers worked to make emotion-free environments

View of EmotionalityView of Emotionality Emotions were believed to be disruptiveEmotions were believed to be disruptive Emotions interfered with productivityEmotions interfered with productivity Only negative emotions were observedOnly negative emotions were observed

Now we know emotions can’t be separated from the Now we know emotions can’t be separated from the workplaceworkplace

Why Were Emotions Ignored in OB?



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LO 1

Insert Exhibit 4-1



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LO 1

While not universally accepted, there appear While not universally accepted, there appear to be six basic emotions:to be six basic emotions:

1.1. AngerAnger

2.2. FearFear

3.3. SadnessSadness

4.4. HappinessHappiness

5.5. DisgustDisgust

6.6. SurpriseSurprise



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LO 1

May even be placed in a spectrum of May even be placed in a spectrum of emotion:emotion:

Happiness Surprise Fear Sadness Anger Disgust

Copyright © 2013 Pearson Education4-7

LO 2

Insert Exhibit 4-2

Discuss Whether Emotions Are Rational Discuss Whether Emotions Are Rational and What Functions They Serveand What Functions They Serve


LO 2Discuss Whether Emotions Are Rational Discuss Whether Emotions Are Rational

and What Functions They Serveand What Functions They Serve

Decision-Making

Thinking Feeling


LO 3

Personality Personality There is a trait component – affect intensityThere is a trait component – affect intensity

Day and Time of the WeekDay and Time of the WeekThere is a common pattern for all of usThere is a common pattern for all of us

Happier in the midpoint of the daily Happier in the midpoint of the daily awake period awake period

Happier toward the end of the weekHappier toward the end of the week

Identify the Sources of Identify the Sources of Emotions and MoodsEmotions and Moods


LO 3 Identify the Sources of Identify the Sources of Emotions and MoodsEmotions and Moods

Insert Exhibit 4-3


LO 3 Identify the Sources of Identify the Sources of Emotions and MoodsEmotions and Moods

Insert Exhibit 4-4


LO 3

WeatherWeather Illusory correlation – no effect Illusory correlation – no effect

StressStressEven low levels of constant stress can Even low levels of constant stress can

worsen moodsworsen moods

Social ActivitiesSocial ActivitiesPhysical, informal, and dining activities Physical, informal, and dining activities

increase positive moodsincrease positive moods



LO 3

Sleep Sleep Poor sleep quality increases negative Poor sleep quality increases negative

affectaffect

ExerciseExercise

Does somewhat improve mood, especially Does somewhat improve mood, especially for depressed peoplefor depressed people



LO 3

AgeAgeOlder folks experience fewer negative Older folks experience fewer negative

emotionsemotions

SexSexWomen tend to be more emotionally Women tend to be more emotionally

expressive, feel emotions more intensely, expressive, feel emotions more intensely, have longer-lasting moods, and express have longer-lasting moods, and express emotions more frequently than do menemotions more frequently than do men

Due more to socialization than to biology Due more to socialization than to biology



LO 4

Emotional Labor-An employee’s expression of Emotional Labor-An employee’s expression of organizationally desired emotions during organizationally desired emotions during interpersonal transactions at work.interpersonal transactions at work.

Emotional Dissonance:Emotional Dissonance:Employees have to project one emotion Employees have to project one emotion

while simultaneously feeling anotherwhile simultaneously feeling anotherCan be very damaging and lead to burnoutCan be very damaging and lead to burnout

Show the Impact Emotional Labor Show the Impact Emotional Labor Has on EmployeesHas on Employees


LO 4

Types of Emotions:Types of Emotions:Felt: the individual’s actual emotionsFelt: the individual’s actual emotionsDisplayed: required or appropriate Displayed: required or appropriate

emotionsemotionsSurface ActingSurface Acting: displaying appropriately : displaying appropriately

but not feeling those emotions internally but not feeling those emotions internally Deep ActingDeep Acting: changing internal feelings : changing internal feelings

to match display rules - very stressfulto match display rules - very stressful

Show the Impact Emotional Labor Show the Impact Emotional Labor Has on EmployeesHas on Employees


LO 5 Describe Affective Events Theory Describe Affective Events Theory and Identify Its Applicationsand Identify Its Applications

Insert Exhibit 4-5


Describe Affective Events Theory Describe Affective Events Theory and Identify Its Applicationsand Identify Its Applications

An emotional episode is actually the result of a An emotional episode is actually the result of a series of emotional experiences triggered by a series of emotional experiences triggered by a single eventsingle event

Current and past emotions affect job satisfactionCurrent and past emotions affect job satisfaction

Emotional fluctuations over time create variations in Emotional fluctuations over time create variations in job performancejob performance

Emotion-driven behaviors are typically brief and Emotion-driven behaviors are typically brief and variable variable

Both negative and positive emotions can distract Both negative and positive emotions can distract workers and reduce job performanceworkers and reduce job performance

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LO 5


Describe Affective Events Theory Describe Affective Events Theory and Identify Its Applicationsand Identify Its Applications

Emotions provide valuable insights Emotions provide valuable insights about behaviorabout behavior

Emotions, and the minor events that Emotions, and the minor events that cause them, should not be ignored at cause them, should not be ignored at work; they accumulatework; they accumulate

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LO 5


Contrast the Evidence Contrast the Evidence For and Against the Existence For and Against the Existence

of Emotional Intelligenceof Emotional Intelligence

Emotional Intelligence is a person’s ability Emotional Intelligence is a person’s ability to:to:Be self-awareBe self-aware

Recognizing own emotions when Recognizing own emotions when experiencedexperienced

Detect emotions in othersDetect emotions in othersManage emotional cues and informationManage emotional cues and information

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LO 6




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LO 6

Insert Exhibit 4-6




EI is controversial and not wholly acceptedEI is controversial and not wholly acceptedCase for EI:Case for EI:

Intuitive appeal; Intuitive appeal; Predicts criteria that matter; Predicts criteria that matter; Is biologically-based.Is biologically-based.

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LO 6




EI is controversial and not wholly acceptedEI is controversial and not wholly acceptedCase against EI:Case against EI:

Too vague a concept; Too vague a concept; Can’t be measured;Can’t be measured; Its personality by a different name.Its personality by a different name.

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LO 6


Be Able to Identify Strategies Be Able to Identify Strategies for Emotion Regulation for Emotion Regulation and Their Likely Effectsand Their Likely Effects

Emotion regulationEmotion regulation is to identify and modify is to identify and modify the emotions you feel.the emotions you feel.

Strategies to change your emotions include Strategies to change your emotions include thinking about more pleasant things, thinking about more pleasant things, suppressing negative thoughts, distracting suppressing negative thoughts, distracting yourself, reappraising the situation, or yourself, reappraising the situation, or engaging in relaxation techniques.engaging in relaxation techniques.

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LO 6


Apply Concepts About Emotions Apply Concepts About Emotions and Moods to Specific OB Issueand Moods to Specific OB Issue

SelectionSelectionEI should be a hiring factor, especially for EI should be a hiring factor, especially for

social jobs. social jobs.

Decision MakingDecision MakingPositive emotions can lead to better Positive emotions can lead to better

decisions.decisions.

CreativityCreativity

Positive mood increases flexibility, Positive mood increases flexibility, openness, and creativity.openness, and creativity.

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LO 7



MotivationMotivationPositive mood affects expectations ofPositive mood affects expectations of

success; feedback amplifies this effect.success; feedback amplifies this effect.

LeadershipLeadershipEmotions are important to acceptance of Emotions are important to acceptance of

messages from organizational leaders.messages from organizational leaders.

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LO 7



Negotiation Negotiation Emotions, skillfully displayed, can Emotions, skillfully displayed, can

affect negotiationsaffect negotiations

Customer ServicesCustomer Services Emotions affect service quality delivered to Emotions affect service quality delivered to

customers which affects customer relationshipscustomers which affects customer relationships Emotional ContagionEmotional Contagion: “catching” emotions : “catching” emotions

Job AttitudesJob Attitudes Can carry over to home, but dissipate overnightCan carry over to home, but dissipate overnight

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LO 7



Deviant Workplace BehaviorsDeviant Workplace Behaviors Negative emotions lead to Negative emotions lead to employee devianceemployee deviance

(actions that violate norms and (actions that violate norms and threaten the organization)threaten the organization)

Safety and Injury at WorkSafety and Injury at Work Don’t do dangerous work when in a bad moodDon’t do dangerous work when in a bad mood

Manager’s InfluenceManager’s Influence Leaders who are in a good mood, use humor, and Leaders who are in a good mood, use humor, and

praise employees increase positive moodspraise employees increase positive moods

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LO 7


Managerial ImplicationsManagerial Implications

Emotions and moods are a natural part of an Emotions and moods are a natural part of an individual’s makeup. individual’s makeup.

Ignoring co-workers’ and employees’ emotions and Ignoring co-workers’ and employees’ emotions and assessing others’ behavior as if they wereassessing others’ behavior as if they werecompletely rational is wrong. completely rational is wrong.

““You can’t divorceemotions from the workplace You can’t divorceemotions from the workplace because you can’t divorce emotions from people.”because you can’t divorce emotions from people.”

Managers who understand the roles of emotions and Managers who understand the roles of emotions and

moods will significantly improve their ability moods will significantly improve their ability to explain co-workers’ and employees’ behaviors.to explain co-workers’ and employees’ behaviors. 4-29


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