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Roadmap on R&D and Human Resource for Light Water Reactors Safety and Knowledge Management

- Status in Japan -

Prof. Naoto Sekimura, Dr.

Special Advisor to the President, Deputy Director General of Division of International Affairs

Professor, Department of Nuclear Engineering and Management

The University of Tokyo

Associate member of Science Council of Japan

Chairperson, Nuclear Reactor Safety Examination Committee, Nuclear Regulation Authority

Chairperson, Nuclear Safety Division

Chairperson, Nuclear Standard Committee

Atomic Energy Society of Japan

November 7-11, 2016

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0

200

400

600

800

1000

1200

1400

1600

1965 1970 1975 1980 1985 1990 1995 2000 2005 2010

BWR : 22 unitsPWR : 20 units

Decommissioning BWR : 10 units

1F-1

1F-2 1F-3 1F-51F-4

1F-6

1F : Fukushima-Daiichi

GCR ATR

Hamaoka-1

Hamaoka-2

Tsuruga-1

Mihama-1

Mihama-2

Shimane-1

Genkai-1 Ikata-1

Current Status of Nuclear Power Plants in Japan

Start of Commercial Operation

Elec

tric

al O

utp

ut

(MW

e)

Decommissioning PWR : 4 units

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Ikata-3Sendai-1, 2

Current Status of Strategic Energy Plan in Japan

4th Strategic Energy Plan has been determined by theGovernment on April 11, 2014 to provide basic linesof energy policy with a view to an energy supply-demand structure for the mid to long term for these20 years.

“Nuclear power is an important baseload electricity source.”

Long Term Plan on April 27, 2015

Contribution of nuclear power in 2030: 20-22% of total electricity source

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4

Regulatory Systems for Inspection, Periodic Safety Reviewand Ageing Management Technical Evaluation in Japan

Evaluation of Safety Improvements (Strengthened Periodic Safety Review)

5 Years 5 Years5 Years5 Years

Ageing Management Technical Evaluation (AMTE)before 30 years for Continued Operation

30 Years 10 Years 10 Years

Back Fitting/Regulatory Inspection Systems

Start of Commercial Operation

4

10 Years

40 Years

5 Years 5 Years5 Years5 Years

Re-evaluation Every 10 Years

Extended Operation Period

5 Years

Extension can be approved only once up to 60 yeas

Knowledge-base for Life Management of Complex Systems such as Nuclear Power Plants

Ageing Management

Plant Life Management

Safe Long Term Operation

Regulatory Processes for• Periodic Safety Review• License Renewal• Ageing Management

Technical Evaluation

Knowledge-base with Operational Experience Research Outcome and Roadmap Human Resource Development

Decision Makings for Replacement to New Plants Shutdown Older Plants

Heavy Component Replacement

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Construction of the Roadmap for Light Water Reactor Safety Technology and Human Resource

Advisory Committee for Natural Resources and Energy

AESJ’s Special Committee on Nuclear Safety Research Roadmap

WG on Voluntary Improvement of Safety, Technology and Human Resource

• IndustriesThe Federation of Electric Power Companies of Japan Plant Manufacturers

• AcademiaUniversities, JAEA

• Government as observerAgency for Natural Resource and Energy in METI

• Nuclear Regulation Authority(NRA)

Science Council of Japan

Architectural Institute of Japan

Japan Association for Earthquake Engineering

IAEA

OECD/NEA

Organization in Other countries

Nuclear Standards Committee of JEA

The Public

Safety Technology and Human Resource Roadmap

International Community

Nuclear Energy Subcommittee

METI

AESJ : Atomic Energy Society of Japan

Original Plan of the Roadmap

Request to draft the Roadmap

Basic Energy Plan in Japan

Positioning of Nuclear Power in Energy Policy

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Continuous Efforts for Future Research and Development

Implementation of Risk Management under an

Appropriate Risk Governance Framework

Activities required to be implemented with Lessons

Learned from the Accident at the Fukushima Daiichi • Implementation of exhaustive and comprehensive risk

assessments including low-frequency events

• Reduction of residual risk through strengthening “defense in

depth”

• Identifying the accident sequences and cliff edges at each

plant, focusing on external events, and improving resilience

• Reorganization of research for improving the safety of light

water reactors and reinforcement of research coordination 7

METI WG（May 30, 2014）

Nuclear Safety Research Roadmap

Maintenance and Plant Life Management

Safety Improvement through Design

Accident Management

Earthquake Resistance and External Events

Decommissioning (except for Fukushima Dai-ichi)

Nuclear Security

Topics of AESJ’s Special Committee

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Objective and Five Pillars in the Strategic Roadmap for Reactor Safety Technology and Human Resource

[Long-term Objectives of the Roadmap

Safety Foundation9

Imp

rove

men

t o

f R

isk

Man

age

me

nt

Cap

abili

ty

Lessons Learnt from the Fukushima Accident,Current Technology and Human Resources

Continuous improvement and progress

A B C D E

Latest Knowledge and New Findings

in Other Countries and Related Fields

Nuclear power plants are continuously utilizedas important energy resource to fulfill 3Es,

ensuring safety with the trust from the people

Co

nti

nu

ou

s En

han

cem

en

t o

f Sa

fety

Fo

un

dat

ion

Tru

st f

rom

th

e S

oci

ety

an

d C

oex

iste

nce

Inte

rnat

ion

al

Co

op

era

tio

n &

C

on

trib

uti

on

Tech

nic

al a

nd

So

cial

A

pp

roac

h t

ow

ard

Tr

eat

men

t an

d D

isp

osa

l of

Rad

ioac

tive

Was

tes

Sharing and expansion of

safety foundation

Energy securityEconomic efficiencyEnvironment

3E

Continuous improvement of risk assessments of power plants in operation

Provide risk information for more effective disaster prevention, strengthen collaboration with external assistance organizations to

contribute to community disaster prevention

Re-awareness of nuclear risks based on Fukushima accident experiences, and set risk

reduction goals

Reflect risk reduction measures based on the lessons learned from Fukushima accident

Create a resilient organization capable of responding to large-scale disasters and

emergency situations

Operate systems that make use of risk information

Hard

ware

Organ

i-zatio

n

Human Resources

Development

Short-Term (S) Medium-Term (M) Long-Term (L)

Use

Risk In

form

ation

fo

r Asse

ssme

nts

Entrench risk culture

Develop human resources in Japan capable of making use of risk

information

Contribute to wide-area disaster prevention

Share the lessons learned from the Fukushima accident internationally

Improvement of tsunami risk assessment strategies

Improvement of earthquake risk assessment strategies Develop strategies for assessment of

large-scale, low-frequency disasters and share them with regulatory authorities and societyDevelop risk assessments for accidents other

than earthquakes and tsunamis

Constantly update assessment strategies for large-scale disasters and

emergency situations

Use

Risk In

form

ation

for C

ou

nterm

easure

s

Use

risk In

form

ation

to

Co

mm

un

icate

with

Society

Inform the international community of the assessment and organizational structure that reflect the lessons of the 1F accident, thus contributing to improved worldwide nuclear safety

Consider systems to make use of risk information

Reflect the latest knowledge on large-scale, low-frequency disasters onto hardwareContinue developing hardware capable of responding to large-scale disasters

and emergency situations

Reduce operator risks through automation and other measures

Engage in sincere dialogs with society on risk

reduction goals based on risk information

Share risk reduction goals

with society

Constantly share risk information with society and continuously update risk reduction goals

Accept human resources training regarding the use of risk information from abroad

Develop human resources capable of providing on-site direction in nuclear newcomer countries

Maintain a pool of human resources who can play active role internationally

in risk information utilization

2020 2030 2050

Resilience of Complex Systems

ANL/DIS-12-1 Resilience: Theory and Applications (Jan. 2012)

Relationship between Components of Resilience and Resilience-enhancing Measures

Crisis

Fun

ctio

nal

ity

Time

New Equilibrium

Recovery

Response

Preparedness

Mitigation

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Resilience and Safety for Knowledge Management

SafetyAccident and

Incidents

ResilienceEveryday Actions and Outcomes –Risks as well as Opportunities

Erik Hollnagel, “Safety-I and Safety-II” p. 148 (2014, ASHGATE Publishing)

Safety-II

Safety-I

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• Knowledge management for all the aspects of nuclear technology can be effectively performed through the construction of Strategic Research Roadmap which includes human resource development after the Fukushima Accident.

• Continuous improvement of management and systems and communication between the stakeholders through all the stages of lifecycle of nuclear power plant systems.

• Risk information can also be utilized to prioritize research topics in the Strategic Research Roadmap.

• Knowledge management and knowledge transfer for safety of huge complicated systems like nuclear power plants require additional basis for knowledge-base such as “Resilience”.

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Summary