road to the revolution!
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Road to the Revolution!. Chapter 6. Tighter British Control. Chapter 6, Section 1. Political Causes for a break with Britain!. England’s neglect of the colonies! Taxation without representation! What??? Colonists were having to pay taxes without someone to represent them in Parliament! - PowerPoint PPT PresentationTRANSCRIPT
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Road to the Revolution!
Chapter 6
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Tighter British Control
Chapter 6, Section 1
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Political Causes for a break with Britain!
1.England’s neglect of the colonies!
2.Taxation without representation! What??? Colonists were having to pay taxes without someone to represent them in Parliament!
3.Individual rights limited
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Economic Causes for Break with Britain!
1. Taxation2. Mercantilism
(colonies exist for the trade benefits of the mother country, England).
3. Trade restrictions – shipping laws that forced the colonists to trade mainly with Britain.
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4. Economic power – England failed to enforce trade laws, therefore colonies made money trading with other countries.
5. Free Enterprise – free, unrestricted trade
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Don’t forget! French & Indian War!-England and France fought to win control
of North America and extend their empires!
-French & Indian War: 1754-1763-British victory! France lost war and race for
N.A.
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-1763 Peace Treaty: 1. France gave England – all land east of the Miss. river, except New Orleans.
2. France gave Spain (ally for helping) – French land west of Miss. river and New Orleans
3. Spain gave England – Florida**After 1763, Britain tightened control of
her vast N.A. empire (almost doubled in size) in a series of actions that seemed fair to Britain, unfair to the colonists, and led directly to the American Revolution! FREEDOM!!!
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British Action: 1. Proclamation of 1763 – ban westward settlement on Indian lands and in return protect colonists.
2. 10,000 British troops would protect the frontier line. Colonists required to pay 1/3 of the 1 million dollar annual cost. OUCH!!
American Reaction: UNFAIR!! Original laws included land west of the line. Did not like a standing army during peace time!
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TAXES!!!!! (not good!) *Taxes had been limited to external
taxes on colonists: taxes on imported goods. Internal taxes had always been left to colonial assemblies, as a basic liberty.
NOT ANYMORE!!! Remember –
colonists do not have representation in Parliament!
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Sugar Act (1764)British Action: Tax on sugar and
molasses (not just to regulate trade anymore, but to make money for England) Smugglers tried without juries!!
Colonial Reaction: Spoke out and protested that taxation with representation and trials without juries is oppression!
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Stamp Act (1765)British Action: Required all legal and
commercial documents to carry an official stamp showing a tax had been paid (all publications/official documents)
-Tax that applied within the colonies.Colonial Reaction:
Vigorously protested!! Virginia House of Burgesses called for resistance
to the tax. Others believed it was treason!
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Quartering Act (1765)British Action: Required the colonists to
quarter (house and feed) British troops in America. Can you imagine??!!
Colonial Reaction: Forced to house troops. *Most troops housed in New York. Coloniststhere saw it as a burdenand refused to pay to housethe troops! Quartering Act wasn’t as effective as the British hoped!
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Stamp Act Repealed (canceled) (1766)
-Stamp Act Congress wrote a petition to the king protesting the Stamp Act stating the colonial assemblies can tax, not Parliament.
-Colonial merchants boycotted British goods.
-Peaceful and violent protests.-British officials attacked
and fled for their safety. *British merchants thought
trade with America would be hurt.
*British leaders agreed.
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Declaratory Act (1766)British Action: Law that stated Parliament
had supreme authority to govern the colonies in all cases. YIKES!!
**Colonists celebrated the repeal of the Stamp Act and tried to
ignore the Declaratory Act! A great strugglefor control had begun!
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Colonial Resistance Grows!
Chapter 6, Section 2
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Townshend Acts (1767)After repealing the Stamp Act, Britain still needed
a way to raise money for troops & conflict. -Charles Townshend gave his ideas to
Parliament and it was passed. It included:1. Suspended N.Y. assembly until they
agreed to provide housing for troops.2. Imported taxes were placed on goods
like glass, paper, paint, lead, and tea.3. Would enforce through writs of
assistance: search warrants to enter homes/businesses and look for smuggled goods.
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American reaction: Boycotted British goods.
- Protested that unwarranted searches were a violation of their English rights!
**Townshend Acts Repealed! (1770)-All items except tea! Why? Tea was kept to
show that Parliament and King George III were still boss!
**Would you continue to buy certain items you find a luxury if taxes were raised on them? Why or why not???
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The Boston Massacre (1770)*Colonists resented British troops! -March 5, 1770: Tension exploded into
violence.-Group of youths were yelling insults and
throwing rocks and a fight broke out.-British troops fired. 5 colonists died.-Former slave, Crispus Attucks, is
considered the first casualty in the fight for independence.
-Propaganda made the British seem responsible and fuel the need to break from Britain.
*Was it the soldiers fault or colonists? Who started it?
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Tea Act (1773)-Gave the British East India Company
control over the American tea trade.-Would arrive in their ships and sold by
their merchants.-Colonists that were not paying taxes on
smuggled tea, now had to pay a tax on regulated tea!
-Enraged colonial shippers/merchants!*What is going to occur b/c of the Tea
Act??????
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The Boston Tea Party (1773)Was it really a party???
American reaction to Tea Act: United merchants & radicals in protest!
-Organized by the Sons of Liberty-Boston, Dec. 16, 1773.-Men disguised as Native Americans
boarded 3 tea ships in Boston Harbor-Destroyed 342 chests of tea. Colonists
rejoiced!*Colonial leaders offered to pay for the
damages if the Tea Act was repealed. Britain refused.
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The Road to Lexington and
Concord
Chapter 6, Section 3
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The Intolerable Acts! (Coercive Acts)
*Tea party = Britain furious!!!-1774 passed a series of laws to punish the Mass.
colony and teach all colonies a lesson!!1. Close Boston port until colonists paid for
destroyed tea.2. Banned committees of correspondence (form
of self-government) and placed Mass. under military rule of British general Thomas Gage
3. British officials were tried in England if charged with crimes while enforcing laws
4. Issued a stronger Quartering Act!
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First Continental Congress Meets*Colonial delegates met to discuss the next
move-Meeting held Sept. 1774 (56 delegates)-Ban all trade with Britain until Intolerable
Acts were repealed-Declared Coercive Acts unconstitutional!-Declaration of Rights and Grievances:
Colonists were defying Britain b/c their liberties as Englishman had been violated!
-Continental Congress didn’t seek war or independence, only their rights as Englishmen!
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*Few members of Parliament wanted to repeal the Coercive Acts and so did merchants suffering from the boycott
*King George III refused!-Parliament stood firm!-Increased restrictions on colonial trade
and sent MORE British troops! Yikes!-End of 1774 some colonists were
preparing to fight!Minutemen: militiamen trained for action
at a minute’s notice!
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What will happen next???*Few expected a war. Colonial leaders
thought that a show of force would make Britain change its policies…..WRONG!
-Delegate Patrick Henry urged the House of Burgesses for independence in March of 1775, “But as for me, give me liberty or give me death!”
-Midnight Ride-British learned militia was storing
arms/ammunition in Concord (20 mi. NW of Boston, Mass.)
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-General Gage heard that Sam Adams and John Hancock were in Lexington.
-April 18 ,1775: Gage ordered troops to arrest Adams and Hancock and destroy the supplies in Concord!
-Sons of Liberty prepared! Paul Revere and William Dawes were spreading news about troop movements.
- Signal: “One lantern by land, two by sea.”
-Rode from Boston to Lexington and Concord spreading the news throughout the night!
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Lexington & Concord*Dawn, April 19, 1775: 700 British troops
reached Lexington and ordered militiamen to drop their weapons.
-Rebels refused!-Shots were fired (to this day, no one
knows who fired the first shot! Who do you think it was???
-Eight militiamen dead-Troops march to Concord, destroyed
military supplies-British retreated when 4,000 militia lined
the road and fired!
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*Lexington & Concord: First battles of the American Revolution.
*Americans now have to choose sides and back up their opinions by force of arms.
Loyalists: supported the British and KingPatriots: supported the rebels and
wanted independence from Britain.**The conflict divided communities,
families, and friends. THE AMERICAN REVOLUTION HAD
OFFICIALLY BEGUN.
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Declaring Independence!
Chapter 6, Section 4
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The Continental Army is Formed:
-May 10, 1775: Second Continental Congress met in Philadelphia.
-Delegates included: John & Sam Adams, Washington, B. Franklin, Patrick Henry, and John Hancock
*Agreed to form the Continental Army!-Washington chosen as commanding
general
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Battle at Bunker Hill-June 1775, militia seized Bunker Hill and
Breed’s Hill. Built fortifications.-British attacked.-Forced militia off the hill-British won the Battle of Bunker Hill-More than 1,000 British wounded or killed-400 militia casualties“The inexperienced colonial militia had
held its own against the world’s most powerful army.”
-British General T. Gage
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Last Attempt at Peace*Most colonists still hoped for peace.-Parliament was blamed for the terrible
events taking place.-July 1775, Continental Congress drafted
the Olive Branch Petition: Document that asked the King to restore harmony between Britain and the colonies.
-King rejected it and announced new measures to punish the colonies! What a creep!
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1. Block American ships from leaving their ports.
2. Send thousands of hired German soldiers to fight.
-British soldiers were professionally trained.
-Colonists had little training and were poorly equipped.
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Common Sense-Published in 1776, Common Sense
helped convince many Americans that a complete break from Britain was necessary.
-Made a strong cause for independence-Author, Thomas Paine-Ridiculed the idea that kings ruled by the
will of God.-Argued that all monarchies were corrupt.-Instant success. Sold more than 100,000
copies in 3 months.
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A Time of Decision*Continental Congress appointed a
committee to draft a Declaration of Independence.
-Committee included: Benjamin Franklin, John Adams, Roger Sherman, Robert Livingston, and Thomas Jefferson.
-Jefferson was chosen to compose the Declaration.
-July 2, 1776: adopted a resolution authorizing each of the 13 colonies to establish its own government – considered themselves independent from this point forward!
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The Declaration is Adopted-July 4, 1776: Congress adopted the
Declaration of Independence – proclaimed independence and explained reasons for breaking with Britain. Declared colonies to be free and independent states!
*John Hancock, President of the Congress was the first to sign.
*Britain saw this as betrayal!*Americans had officially declared their
independence. Now, they had to win their freedom on the battlefield.
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That’s it for the causes leading up to the
American Revolution!Yippee