Chapter 4 Chapter 4 Separating from Separating from

BritainBritain1700-17751700-1775

The Colonists Consider New The Colonists Consider New IdeasIdeas

The The EnlightenmentEnlightenment First developed in the Scientific First developed in the Scientific

RevolutionRevolution Looking beyond religious authority to Looking beyond religious authority to

explain the world around us.explain the world around us. Use Reason to explain phenomenonUse Reason to explain phenomenon

CopernicusCopernicus GalileoGalileo Isaac NewtonIsaac Newton

The EnlightenmentThe Enlightenment

Examining laws about human natureExamining laws about human nature

John LockeJohn Locke Natural RightsNatural Rights make human world run make human world run

smoothlysmoothly LifeLife LibertyLiberty PropertyProperty

Social ContractSocial Contract

Idea of John LockeIdea of John Locke

People obey government if People obey government if Government promises to protect their Government promises to protect their natural rights.natural rights.

If government becomes tyrannical, the If government becomes tyrannical, the people no longer needed to obey it.people no longer needed to obey it.

Benjamin FranklinBenjamin Franklin

Printer, scientist, Printer, scientist, inventor, writer, inventor, writer, statesman, and statesman, and diplomatdiplomat Renaissance ManRenaissance Man

InventedInvented BifocalsBifocals Metal stoveMetal stove Lighting rodLighting rod

Europe vs. AmericaEurope vs. America

Peasants in Europe were locked into Peasants in Europe were locked into traditional ways of thinkingtraditional ways of thinking Couldn’t’ read or writeCouldn’t’ read or write Little opportunity to improve their livesLittle opportunity to improve their lives

American farmers were educated American farmers were educated and received new ideas with and received new ideas with enthusiasmenthusiasm

Religious Feelings ReviveReligious Feelings Revive

Early 18Early 18thth century century

Puritan church was weakeningPuritan church was weakening

Freedom of worshipFreedom of worship ProsperityProsperity Material comfortMaterial comfort

Jonathan EdwardsJonathan Edwards From Northampton, From Northampton,

MassachusettsMassachusetts Declared people Declared people

needed to do more needed to do more than just go to than just go to church.church. Needed profound Needed profound

emotional experiences emotional experiences rather than intellectual rather than intellectual ones.ones.

Gave Rousing Gave Rousing Sermons across the Sermons across the colonies.colonies.

George WhitefieldGeorge Whitefield Preacher who was Preacher who was

a great actora great actor Played the role of Played the role of

God and the DevilGod and the Devil Drew very large Drew very large

crowds crowds Revival meetings Revival meetings

held outdoorsheld outdoors

Great AwakeningGreat Awakening Revival of religion in Revival of religion in

the colonies during the colonies during the 1740’s.the 1740’s.

Quaker RevivalQuaker Revival

During the 1750’s many Quakers During the 1750’s many Quakers concluded that slavery was wrong.concluded that slavery was wrong.

John WoolmanJohn Woolman Urged other Quakers to free their Urged other Quakers to free their

slaves.slaves. By the 1770’s most Quakers had freed By the 1770’s most Quakers had freed

their slaves.their slaves.

Witchcraft comes to an Witchcraft comes to an end.end.

500,000 people were killed in 500,000 people were killed in Europe accused of witchcraftEurope accused of witchcraft

The Enlightenment reduced The Enlightenment reduced superstitionsuperstition Salem Witch Trials in 1692 also Salem Witch Trials in 1692 also

reduced superstitionreduced superstition Increase Mather said accusations were Increase Mather said accusations were

“unbelievable”.“unbelievable”. 19 persons were killed during the Trials19 persons were killed during the Trials

Education System GrowsEducation System Grows

American Public is more literate than American Public is more literate than any in Europeany in Europe Puritans insisted people learn to read the Puritans insisted people learn to read the

Bible.Bible. Permanent settlements allowed school Permanent settlements allowed school

system to develop.system to develop. All towns with 50 families or more had to hire All towns with 50 families or more had to hire

a schoolmastera schoolmaster

Northern colonies had better literacy Northern colonies had better literacy rates.rates.

Early CollegesEarly Colleges

Harvard was first American CollegeHarvard was first American College

Trained ministersTrained ministers

Most college students were from Most college students were from wealthy families and did not go on to wealthy families and did not go on to church work.church work.

The Power of the The Power of the Printing PressPrinting Press

Poor Richard’s AlmanackPoor Richard’s Almanack Printed by Ben FranklinPrinted by Ben Franklin Offered adviceOffered advice Very popularVery popular

NewspapersNewspapers Helped spread news throughout the Helped spread news throughout the

coloniescolonies

Freedom of PressFreedom of Press

John Peter ZengerJohn Peter Zenger German immigrant who ran a German immigrant who ran a

newspapernewspaper Accused governor of rigging elections Accused governor of rigging elections

and taking bribes.and taking bribes. ProblemProblem

Common law states anyone critizing the Common law states anyone critizing the government is guilty of criminal libelgovernment is guilty of criminal libel

Libel-written statement that harms one’s Libel-written statement that harms one’s reputationreputation

Freedom of PressFreedom of Press

Andrew HamiltonAndrew Hamilton Zenger’s lawyerZenger’s lawyer The issue is whether or not the articles The issue is whether or not the articles

were true. If they are…no libel charges were true. If they are…no libel charges can be made.can be made.

People have the right to air grievances People have the right to air grievances against the government.against the government.

Hamilton wins the case and basis for Hamilton wins the case and basis for Freedom of Press is created.Freedom of Press is created.

The French and Indian The French and Indian WarWar

France and Britain do not get alongFrance and Britain do not get along Four Major ConflictsFour Major Conflicts

War of the League of Augsburg (1689-1697)War of the League of Augsburg (1689-1697) War to stop France’s Invasion of Italian City-StatesWar to stop France’s Invasion of Italian City-States Balance of Power-Balance of Power-

War of the Spanish Succession (1702-1713)War of the Spanish Succession (1702-1713) Spain’s king dies and France tries to take the throneSpain’s king dies and France tries to take the throne

War of Austrian Succession (1744-1748)War of Austrian Succession (1744-1748) War of the Hapsburgs in Spain and Austria.War of the Hapsburgs in Spain and Austria.

Seven Years War (French and Indian)Seven Years War (French and Indian)

French and Indian WarFrench and Indian War

CausesCauses French build series of Forts along St. French build series of Forts along St.

Lawrence River, and Lake Erie. Lawrence River, and Lake Erie. Also Build Fort Duquesne at the Also Build Fort Duquesne at the

confluenceconfluence of the Allegheny, of the Allegheny, Monongahela, and Ohio Rivers.Monongahela, and Ohio Rivers. Land claimed by Pennsylvania and Virginia.Land claimed by Pennsylvania and Virginia.

French and Indian WarFrench and Indian War

CausesCauses Ohio CompanyOhio Company

Formed by wealthy Virginia farmers to Formed by wealthy Virginia farmers to obtain lands beyond the Appalachian obtain lands beyond the Appalachian MountainsMountains

Hoping to make money by selling landsHoping to make money by selling lands Governor DinwiddieGovernor Dinwiddie

Joins the Ohio companyJoins the Ohio company Sends group of militiamen under command of Sends group of militiamen under command of

George Washington to spy on French George Washington to spy on French movements.movements.

French and Indian WarFrench and Indian War

Battle at Fort NecessityBattle at Fort Necessity Washington builds a stockade.Washington builds a stockade. French attackFrench attack

Outnumber Washington 700/400Outnumber Washington 700/400 Washington surrenders and returns to Washington surrenders and returns to

VirginiaVirginia French and Indian War BeginsFrench and Indian War Begins

French and Indian WarFrench and Indian War

Albany CongressAlbany Congress British Government wanted an alliance British Government wanted an alliance

with the Iroquois against the Frenchwith the Iroquois against the French The Iroquois said no. The Iroquois said no. They thought the French were stronger.They thought the French were stronger.

Franklin proposes a plan.Franklin proposes a plan. Colonial council to set up defenseColonial council to set up defense

Needed colonies approval…most said no.Needed colonies approval…most said no.

French and Indian WarFrench and Indian War

Battle at Fort DuquesneBattle at Fort Duquesne Dinwiddie asks Britain to send regular Dinwiddie asks Britain to send regular

troopstroops London sends 1400 men under command of London sends 1400 men under command of

Gen. BraddockGen. Braddock

Major attack planned to drive French Major attack planned to drive French out of Ohio Countryout of Ohio Country British Troops were slow and arrogantBritish Troops were slow and arrogant Washington warned of possible ambush.Washington warned of possible ambush.

French and Indian WarFrench and Indian War

Ambush 8 miles away from Fort Ambush 8 miles away from Fort DuquesneDuquesne British troops not used to frontier British troops not used to frontier

tactics. tactics. British loseBritish lose Braddock is killedBraddock is killed 1000 British casualties1000 British casualties

French and Indian WarFrench and Indian War

William Pitt arrivesWilliam Pitt arrives Promotes able junior officersPromotes able junior officers George Washington leads new attack on George Washington leads new attack on

Fort DuquesneFort Duquesne Renames it Fort PittRenames it Fort Pitt

French defeat at Quebec and French defeat at Quebec and MontrealMontreal French are defeated in the war.French are defeated in the war.

Treaty of Paris 1763Treaty of Paris 1763

Britain gets Florida from SpainBritain gets Florida from Spain Britain gets Canada and all land east Britain gets Canada and all land east

of the Mississippi from Franceof the Mississippi from France Except New OrleansExcept New Orleans

Spain gets LouisianaSpain gets Louisiana

Royal Proclamation of Royal Proclamation of 17631763

Made to try and stop colonists Made to try and stop colonists westward expansionwestward expansion Forbade colonials from settling west of Forbade colonials from settling west of

the Appalachian Mountains.the Appalachian Mountains. Colonists already west of line had to Colonists already west of line had to

move back east.move back east. This would make colonists easier to This would make colonists easier to

governgovern

Colonists are UpsetColonists are Upset

Proclamation Line means two Proclamation Line means two things:things:

1.1. British Government was insensitive to British Government was insensitive to colonists interestcolonists interest

2. Persuaded the colonists that British 2. Persuaded the colonists that British government could not enforce laws.government could not enforce laws.