rman - from the basics to the cloud

8/10/2019 RMAN - From the Basics to the Cloud

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Simon Pane

First4 Database [email protected]

May 19, 2011
mailto:[email protected]:[email protected]


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Now more powerful yet simpler to use More compatible than ever:

Handles Data De-duplication (i.e. DataDomain) Handles disk snapshots/mirror splits (i.e. NetApp)

ASM (RAC or Grid Infrastructure) Backups themselves are smaller:

Unused blocks, tempfiles, possibly read-onlytablespaces, etc are skipped

Block level restores Compressed backups Encrypted backups for additional protection


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Possibly misses things: New tablespaces

Control files after changes

Possibly includes things it shouldnt Online redo logs do you back those up or not?

Requires tablespaces to be put into hot-backup mode (if youre doing it right)

Shell scripting failures:# Clean out the last backuprm -rf $LAST_BACKUP_FILE_BASE


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The RMAN executable is just a CLI Work is all done by DBMS_BACKUP_RESTORE

Hence can run client/server (like SQLPlus)

RMAN CLI can also do Startup/Shutdown commands

SQL commands via SQL syntax

Does not provide any feedback/output

Not recommended use SQLPlus instead


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Persistent configuration settings are stored inthe control files

Also visible through dynamic performance

views: v$rman_configuration

Query through SQL statements or make a GC report

History also kept in the control files Increase CONTROL_FILE_RECORD_KEEP_TIME

Defaults to 7 days


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Not really a one-to-one correlation ofdatabase files Can be depends on how RMAN is configured

(File copies are also possible)

Think of them like ZIP files Datafiles may be in spread among backup pieces


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FILE_NAME

---------------1.txt

2.txt

cmdb_login.sql

connecttest.sql

norun.sql

nosysdba.sqloraexecute.txt

pat_list.txt

privs.sql

runit.cmd

temp.sql

tns.txttnsnames.ora

tns_orig.txt


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backup[as compressed backupset] [check logical][full] database[force]

[include current controlfile]

[format '$Backup_Base/%d_FULL_%I_%T_%s_%p.bak'] tag['$RMAN_tag']

[plus archivelog][format '$Backup_Base/%d_ARCH_%I_%T_%s_%p.bak'] tag['$RMAN_tag']


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delete[noprompt]backup;

delete [noprompt] obsolete redundancy 2;

delete [noprompt] obsolete recovery window of 7 days;

delete[noprompt] archivelog all;

delete [noprompt] archivelog all backed up 1 times todisk;

delete [noprompt] expired backup of tablespace SYSTEMcompleted before 'SYSDATE-14';


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list backup summary;list backup by file;list backup;list expired backup;list backup of tablespace SYSTEM;list backup of datafile 3;list archivelog all;

list backup of archivelog all;


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report need backup days = 1;

report need backup redundancy = 2;

report unrecoverable;

report obsolete;


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CROSSCHECK Check if what RMAN thinks is there is still actually

there

CATALOG Let RMAN know about new backup pieces or file copiesits currently not aware of Dont confuse the catalog command with the Repository

Catalog theyre not related

Examples: crosscheck backup; catalog start with /tmp/restored/;


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Usually theres no need to manually managechannels (parallelism) anymore in runblocks: Usually configuring a default parallelism of 4

channels is optimal

Use Simple Commands I rarely ever use run blocks

Don't panic about the catalog Use it if its there, dont if its not


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Always include the controlfile autobackups

Give pieces meaningful names

Must restore from the same location -> use asymbolic link (even for the FRA) for all backups

Example: ln s /u01/oracle/backups/PRD1/hot /database_backups

backup full database format /database_backups//%d_%I_%T_%s_%p.bak';


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Regardless of whether youre restoring onto arebuilt/replaced machine or a copy on a testserver, the directories must be the same

Backup to: /u03/orabackups/PRD1

Restore from: /u01/orabackups/PRD1

Backup to: D:\ORA_BACKUPS\PRD1 Restore from: E:\ORA_BACKUPS\PRD1


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Can have one or many highest release version I consider it a "nice to have"

Does not require a separate license Search "Infrastructure Repository Databases" (E10594-11)

http://download.oracle.com/docs/cd/E11882_01/license.112/e10594/editions.htm#CJAHFHBJ

If it's not there, it will resync automatically thenext time

To move, just re-REGISTER (new 11g IMPORTcommand)
http://download.oracle.com/docs/cd/E11882_01/license.112/e10594/editions.htmhttp://download.oracle.com/docs/cd/E11882_01/license.112/e10594/editions.htmhttp://download.oracle.com/docs/cd/E11882_01/license.112/e10594/editions.htmhttp://download.oracle.com/docs/cd/E11882_01/license.112/e10594/editions.htm


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Useful when you have a very smallenvironment

Remember, the catalog is simply an OracleSchema (for backup history)

PROD1 TEST1

Catalog Into

Catalog Into


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Catalog expires them when removed Details are lost when they become expired

Should be doing DELETE EXPIRED

Keep a long term history yourself Sometimes needed for auditor reporting

Makes it easier to pull old files from tape

Use a trigger or Scheduler Job to populate


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Oracle 10g Must have the backup pieces written to a shared

location or copy them manually if duplicating to adifferent machine

DUPLICATE TARGET DATABASE TO TEST1;

Oracle 11g New FROM ACTIVE DATABASE clause

Not as easy to restart if interrupted Uses file copies so doesnt take into account

compression and backup optimization


21/28

Old DBID information is still present in: Statspack Data

Automatic Workload Repository

Feature Usage Views

High Water Mark Views

Cleanup if desired: dbms_swrf_internal.unregister_database

wri$_dbu_usage_samplewri$_dbu_feature_usage

wri$_dbu_high_water_mark


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Even if the password is well known orhardcoded in scripts, encryption can provideoff site/vendor protection

set encryption on identified bypasswd only;

backup full database;


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Ill argue that cloud services are safe and reliable But upload bandwidth can be an issue

Simple Approach: backup to disk and thenupload using a commercial tool: Mozy, Carbonite, BackBlaze, etc.

Amazon Web Service (AWS) Integration: The Oracle Secure Backup (OSB) Cloud Module allows for

RMAN backups to be written directly to the AmazonSimple Storage Service (S3)

The OSB Cloud Module appears in RMAN as a tape device

Check with Oracle regarding OSB licensing requirements


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Main download page: http://www.oracle.com/technetwork/topics/cloud/down

loads/index.html

Readme: http://www.oracle.com/technetwork/topics/cloud/osbw

s-readme-083624.html Download the library:

http://rman.s3.amazonaws.com/osbws_install.jar

Install JAR file into Oracle Home

In RMAN Configure SBT channel device specifying the library

options Perform backup
http://www.oracle.com/technetwork/topics/cloud/downloads/index.htmlhttp://www.oracle.com/technetwork/topics/cloud/downloads/index.htmlhttp://www.oracle.com/technetwork/topics/cloud/osbws-readme-083624.htmlhttp://www.oracle.com/technetwork/topics/cloud/osbws-readme-083624.htmlhttp://rman.s3.amazonaws.com/osbws_install.jarhttp://rman.s3.amazonaws.com/osbws_install.jarhttp://www.oracle.com/technetwork/topics/cloud/osbws-readme-083624.htmlhttp://www.oracle.com/technetwork/topics/cloud/osbws-readme-083624.htmlhttp://www.oracle.com/technetwork/topics/cloud/osbws-readme-083624.htmlhttp://www.oracle.com/technetwork/topics/cloud/osbws-readme-083624.htmlhttp://www.oracle.com/technetwork/topics/cloud/osbws-readme-083624.htmlhttp://www.oracle.com/technetwork/topics/cloud/osbws-readme-083624.htmlhttp://www.oracle.com/technetwork/topics/cloud/downloads/index.htmlhttp://www.oracle.com/technetwork/topics/cloud/downloads/index.html


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Catalog saved scripts Makes the Catalog more important!!

Tablespace Point In Time Recovery (TSPITR)

Schedule the RMAN backups from within theDatabase!

Use the Oracle Scheduler to call the RMAN APIs oran external OS script


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Password files OraInventory and oraInst.loc Networking files:

sqlnet.ora tnsnames.ora ldap.ora listener.ora

Oratab file Startup/Shutdown scripts:

/etc/inittab, /etc/init.d/dbora

CRS/CSS/ HAS files

OCR/OLR files backups and /etc/oracle/ files

ASM Instances (metadata)


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Keep your commands/scripts handy Cant remember all of the commands

Practice in a test environment regularly

Review the new features in each major releaseand adjust your strategy accordingly


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[email protected]

rman - from the basics to the cloud

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