Course Of River And Its Route

River

Discussion about the course of riverThe general terminologies regarding

riverErosion and its result on the shape of

riverThe detail insight of the river pattern

and its final destinationSummary of the entire presentationQuestion/Answer session

In This Presentation…

A river is a natural watercourse, usually freshwater, flowing towards an ocean, lake, sea or another river

Rivers can flow down mountains, through valleys or along plains, and can create canyons or gorges.

What Is A River?

Source of river

Body of river

Confluence

Mouth of river

Parts of river

Primary course

Secondary course

Tertiary course

Course Of River

Primary Course Of River

Origination from a mountain lake or a glacierV-shaped valleyWater fallHydraulic actionAberrationAttritionCascadeInterlocking spursPotholes

Primary Course Of River

Origination of river

V- Shaped Valley, Cascade, Potholes

Interlocking spurs

The force of the water weakens and breaks up the rocks

ABRASION, The material carried in the river wears away the river bed

ATTRITION, As the pebbles carried by the river crash into each other, they become smaller and rounder

SOLUTION, The water in the river dissolves the minerals in the rocks

HYDRAULIC ACTION

Rolling stones along the river bed.( needs lots of energy)

Traction Suspension

Clay sized particles are carried along by the river flow

Saltation

Sand sized particlesbounce along the riverbed

Solution

Some minerals are dissolved by the riverwater

river flow

Transportation By Water

Formation Of A Waterfall

Soft rock

Hard rock

Steep sides( gorge )

Vertical erosionForms plunge pool

Undercuttingerodes the softer rockforming an overhang

The overhangEventuallycollapses

The processstarts again

Eroded rock

WaterfallRetreats upstream

Secondary Course Of River

Menders

Ox bow lakes

Flood plains

Confluence

Secondary Course Of River

MENDERS, Rivers snaking across and is called mendering river or mender

Ox-bow lake, Cut of region of a river is called ox-bow lake

FLOODED PLAINS, The area around a river that is usually used for irrigation

CONFLUENCE, The point where the tributary joins the river

Menders, Ox-bow lake

Tertiary Course Of River

Levee

Mouth

Deposition

Delta

Estuary

Swamps, Marshes (mangrove)

Tertiary Course Of River

LEVEES, Is the natural or artificial banking of a river to prevent out flow or river usually due to erosion on bed

DEPOSITION, The eroded material is steadily washed into the ocean

MOUTH, The area where the river meets the sea

Levees, Deposition and Mouth

DELTA, Is the area where the river splits into a few portions and make a Δ shape

ESTUARY, An estuary is a partly enclosed coastal body of brackish water with one or more rivers or streams flowing into it, and with a free connection to the open sea.

Delta, Estuary

SWAMP, An area of low-lying, uncultivated ground where water collects; a bog or marsh.

MANGROVE, A tree or shrub that grows in chiefly tropical coastal swamps that are flooded at high tide. Mangroves typically have numerous tangled roots above ground and form dense thickets.

Swamps and Mangroves

Characteristics Upper Course Middle CourseLower CourseSlope

Width

Depth

Straightness

Load

Main work

Valley width

Type of load

usually steep

narrow

shallow

winding

little

large/small angular

erosiontransportation

steeper

wider

deeper

meandering

some

medium/smallrounded

Transportation

narrow

gentle

quite wide

wide

deep

big meanders

lots

small+rounded

transportationdeposition

wide

River in a nut shell

Any Query?