riuruiiiuyui b -aold-book.ru.ac.th/e-book/p/ps103(51)/ps103-1.pdf · 2010. 1. 20. · 44 ada e ad...
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e w d l science 3) Government atKiiidnmmanno b b r n r l b ~ ~ ~ , ~ ~ a " ~ f l i a n C nn: ~nirelnnros~
Y Y
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iau S n u i ~ i a m i ~ & i u ira?uunr:6qrlniuub iainanuiulm:: ~~::%aiamiu'~~no'~lii~fiu
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intellectual sciences)
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1971, p.11.)
8wn' "Government" hlfll%Jn?i3y nawd (root) O J I Q I ~ ~ I I W ~ ~ ' ~ ~ I f o Lkybernates99
\ 6 PS 103
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ooni8uslunstirif) GnS.ainisn?0iu3Eu n i r ? i i mriu'orflu ~~ i~oq i$ua5u5w?wa i i az~S 9 eVl?waw (The study of politics is the study of influence and the influential) drlflg"luwu's~0 a vD nla6u'o.r : Inr'IMez'Ia 6 idni ia :od l~r . (~olitics : Who gets what, when and how?) 14;
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4) fl?lUod'U~0(al~i09 (self-esteem)
5 ) f l l l ¶ J s 5 q n a i u l i l ~ ~ m l d (self actusli'zation)
(Nicholas Henry. Public Administration and Public Affairs. 4Ih ed. Prentice-R111,
1989, pp.59-60.)
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nbiiu V.O.Key ZFI ~ n ~ u ~ ~ ~ f i ~ i ~ ^ u i ~ n i a i ~ o s ~ i i f l o d ~mriiu'~OYUiludauwfo5(;1glar ICIU~# 4 4 4
6 l ~ 1 ~ ~ u d u ~ ~ ~ u n 1 ~ ~ 8 u s " ~ 1 H 9 B W ~ B ~ 1 6 f l u ~ d ~ 1 0 ~ ~ W ~ l l Q (authoritative allocation of
values)
(David Easton. The Political System. New York: Knopf, 1957, p. 180.)
i ~ ~ d l u ' ~ l u ~ i ~ ~ a L i d 9 ~ ~ a ~ a r 1 ~ ' 1 1 o a " uonoin$drinaluwnqiuwoq David Easton
1uwriq4~Bo A Framework for Political Analysis. Prentice-Hall, 1965 A Systems
Analysis of Political Life. John Wiley, 1965. Ifl~h 3) aind (hd) l ~ ~ o i ~;nuirdodiflumuieoau 48 Politik als Beruf. (quoted
by G.E.G. Catlin in J.A.Gould and V.V. Thursby,ed., Contemporary Polltical Thought, New
York: Holt, Rinehart and Winston, 1969, p.27.) 6141~ Maurice Cranston. ~OdY7nlflWI~nlai&?)9
~at.unnalu&4 7 The Mask of Politlcs and other esbaya. London: Allen Lane, 1973, p. l
5. diiiuiuus~Ta2u : iha iu J~:~bu~~nlndauIfliUiI~~t;"adi~a~$~~d
d ( f i ? a i n i r i a ~ f l u ' ~ $ n & Professor of Political Science University of California at
~ e r k e l e ~ 1 1 ~ z 1 8 u o i a i a d ~ o s ~ ~ ~ u w 3rlvn (urrwm) i r z n u ) $i?o~i nimiiosdr:nou#au I
aiudaziiiwostYn 9 w w
(S.S.Wolin. ~ 1 3 6 ~ 0 ~ 6 ~ ~ 7 ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ - ~ o l i t l e s and Vision. Boston: Little, Brown, 1960,
pp. 10-1 1 .) l#lifi
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2) ni' l id~uu6~dn~#i~mdn~adi~uin 1$6d d ? q # i j n i ~ c n i a a (riot, wild or
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10 PS 103
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2) ~qmroi6 qnlRU 2519
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Arnold Sehwarzenegger f i n ~ ~ f i ~ m ~ r ~ n ~ w u u ~ i d f i n n ' u i ~ u U I ~ V B ~ 11~1~bfl- he a * OI earl
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5.3 dxidui/aiu : ~~niridoai3un'onrrui"nuan"un1~1in~~niwnd~zIu'tloa'
<uii~nn3znusie~u~duin**
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6. MSldb9!9"31~Ui1al~U91dPJ3~91~b9~1fd1~
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lurina n'o rzEuPdnr5'g
rin3ainir j u i o q u i 6 a i i 6~niaiiio.ri~a.mmsirazyy (n'omrii
wanszwuisdaodsau (i iu niia #h?n)
Carl J. Friedrich, ed. The Public ~nterdst. New York: Atherton Press, 1962.) dl3 6.1 n a i u i u ~ i q n r z ~ l i ~ i ~ z i d u 1) rzEuqanin n'o rriiuqnnaiiiu.rlidnu
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n.~ur~.n"ul(nna~nirw'wulmul~n (discipline) 0 o n i 9 ~ b ~ ~ m " a u l B
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nisilwnns~wuhuszgu~qndia 3sdouiiuan'nri$os u 6 i ~ i ~ w iinznisanwkuw4o
n a i u i i ~ n d i ~ % u s z ~ ~ 1 5 ~ % w ~ 1 i i i u i n ~ o u ~ t i i ~ l r a lnuaqd iu"ondiao"arnrir io~i iazn~~~n~iiso~wi~nirido~ n"a ipmnnidouryolii.r
~a iub$u~TuBdd iu i~ (power relations) T U Y ~ ~ ~ ~ ' I J Iikd n. rzzuurn ?Lid ~ ~ A ' u n j u nisiu"otdua~oriiunuinu nu'auuu a n h i
J d ZUGUIR oq6nir au3u ~ u y u i n l ciu~uinualuqKunqu~n~upfainwaiu (pluralistic groups)
M ? 0 ~ l $ h u (pluralism)
u. rzn'udaed 1#ii i&n&fimu~iup3 m31bi iridoq iriu f~uum?
n. r z ~ ~ ~ d . 1 ~ 14;L !&id ~ n i r i i i a ~ r z n i i ~ d r z w n iamr8o~rz~u lan & a ~ n ~ u i l a u juaiu kd i i uu l ' i l ~u
ioud l rniui
(James N. Rosenau. Turbulence In World Politics: A Theory of Change and
Continuity. Princeton Univehity Press, 1990.) I
IJnd 3 i1hf.J Delineating Disorder
6a~diruo.r (nirauniiu-naiudd7~) : chaos (m-don) n"oiiiaunaiuIf
S Z I ~ U , onau, kin: Complexity ( n a i ~ n 6 u h ~ o u ) .#
und 4 $1 &a" ConceptuaIizing Change: PIuctuations (niridduuiidn~iiuuuu
7 nd 1 ) and Transformations ( n l l i d d ~ ~ 0 d l ~ ~ l n l ~ 9 ~ 1 1 1 1 ~ ~ ) 9601 lu~~~uuiuia~nur~~iawfin~li 1) Zutrnw 2) mra.rn3iu 3) mr iodn i r
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Wars" ariu ~ ~ ~ w ~ I ~ : Y U ( ~ ~ ~ ~ ' U I ~ ' F I P I SDI (Strategic Defense Initiative) Wid09~1ntp7
Ronald Reagan ~ ~ u ~ I I ~ I u I ~ u ? ~ ~ u ? ~ ' ~ 5) f l l 3 i Q l Q l ~ ~ f l l 3 ~ ~ Yni
B iv'l~o"lnlulr~iu'1~d (access) ii~~16v"l'lQ (understanding, comprehending) ~ Z ~ P I ~ U J 5
P's 1iilf; 1) Public 2) Power 3) Person 4) Policy 5) Participation LlnZ E ~ l l l ~ z 9 Events 80 irlqnirkqluo?miiaz~ol~u
' A d n. P 6aiim i~o~~iani .mi~ido~idnua~o~n'u~~widuai~ia~z (Public) A0 rzgv
B ri?usau r l n ~ v i u l ~ l f l r i l i l pubes bdrnui aiAu~?oiiiimAu (Latin) %Piidnil @M$ (adult)
n? i t l i8~ public M?FI ~ ia i r ru r iiriio7uiuLua~doin Webster's New World Dictionary hd
! v w w 1) ifiuuorn3oi~uaUorrl"pIn]atvi~uwam~w'um (people as a whole) i s
d.4 el 2) .. niol~uualw~onrzd11~u~10~'110d'bn~ka~d~9~#~~~~65rlndl ningmwuor
da~nvukald (public welfare) wiomr~un3o~ainJaz11vu (public ootery)
3) n?oiWIo~az1uvIJua~nuka1n] idu ~ ~ u n i s i a m f (public p&k)
4) ilanain~Yijn?iUnUiu.;iIi~uaivnia (official) n f a % ~ ) d w l a ~ t$u public
p ~ s e c u t o r - ~ ~ ~ 1 5 , I
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iidrnaiutSu~y u6la.I I a ' d I B n. P $36 3 mri~ori~u~#otn'p16a~wngl (person) i8udocitdnnllflor~~aifl03'u~wr
~oil j;m.11~~~1I~"na~k~1ugi?~1~ k d lain Mcleanand Alistair Mcrnillan n(ila!flunfiqiloda
Oxford ConslseJlictionary of Politics. Oxford Univetsity Press, 2003, p.423. <i"ldadntiw
V I I R P ~ ~ ~ ~ Y ~ 17 ~ n i r n d i a ~ ~ i f ~ (bees) j1ifl1.1 politIci~l flying-ihsects (11~a~j)~mi~ntr~fillg)a) d r tyY u~ilapCun'odidiawi~lu~~yl~uiwi~du iinruunnTir q ooni4ludrt!rlrrudifiu n) elite 1;
5:$Yfi1 b) grassroots ( 5 : h 5 l t l ~ f $ l ) ~ 7 0 ricemots ('lln(il3)
r. P 6af! 4 n i a i i h ~ d i # j ~ policy uIuu~uo~ai iunoani~u~~a!uda~iw~ clhternal
policy) nvtluluuiuQIIi.jJaz1wa [external pol~cy)
6ai?od1auotuluuiurnu9de,nnla~1~~ 1Filit-i n1rwuiuiyn~uriuin'4~~1u1drt1n~11rii ' -4' iitiuduiiqu~d kurjr&mrmri~aaiQZniddii n
~ai?odituo~uluuiump~~ud~e:ina idu luynuotuiunipub~YW'n86~ Pw Qr n'o 1)
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b~3nh~t! OTOP (One Tambol One Ptoduct) 3) k1duid#1lll%.bini
r in i jn in~ id iu~ua inJ I fnu~~ud tbrl Taairr~ tdtlnis N. Rosenau) l u
nnijoiu3m o 'o i i u1auiurndunarn~~u~1nf in~~39iau1d~1a~~~n"~~Yun~i lilunlriflbd
14 PS 103
4 4 ,&. 6r046rr08Jlus (Linkage Politics)
(James N. Rosemau. The Study o rdependence 6LWa The Dramas of
Politics : An Introduction to the Joys of Inquiry)
o. P h d s n'o mrtdoal6~2iiunir4daui3~
9. E ~ ~ 1 ~ 8 4 Evenb 1~~n13dd14 7 a#
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iau~iiu11,tiqnaiulgunln~ t o n2iulilu;rciulnn (gBobaiization) nio l n n i f t ~ i utniqtu v
bMn:~21uldu n'I~wruu~uw (borderless) n z q ~ ~ u a ~ u ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ m ~ ~ w u ~ ~ d ~ d r z b n n n ~ o ~ ~ n i n
i14q 4 a s dddumu~u (domestic) ldu n l r c i ~ u ~ l ~ o ~ n o % i ~ n r b w a ~ (ethnic conflict) 1u
'4 ds~l3Iflwus ldu rzndlsnu~sww (Sinbala) h.lnunGw (Tamil) l~d3~l~f l f l$#4m d€Ir~nZ 4 IiduC( ordioaiiwaar~Iou (repercussion) iodrzmndu q iiinunaw (n"ciaoaiunOw)
d 4 oiiluo j l6id Zulu uilnliu imzil~nldr n.ro~Uiii~rzXunwdrz~iv12
mrii~an.rmudoulduRo~~~rruwiuin ninAoirailui5~knuinui ( S O C I O I O ~ ~ ~ I ) 4 aJ a r s d v wroa~nuinrnm.r~u'sJ (Politicai S O ~ O I O ~ Y ) ndia&~ adnonudorriiiarsnu~~w'~qi~~wuo~
(kinship) ~ l n r n i u f i ~ u i d u q n i n i S u n r ~ d o i ~ n ~ ~ l ~ m I i ~ i a ? n a ~ u ~ ~ n ~ ' n i i u t9u
d.rrmvltdou#~u diinrnuwu2~6u niollliw'iariu tmlu7nai3u7db n21uldu21utdou ' J'
%iou ~~nzliiu~duldr~auuin3~uu 4 d r ~ m n ~ u t ~ u ~ n a ~ ~ o ~ ~ ~ u ~ r r . p ) 6 i ~ 1 n ~ w d i ~ ~ u u 1 n n i ~ ~ g ~ u n p ' u ~ w r i i ~ R u u ~ ~
v (Dravidian) 1mzrli&rnojdwain8ul~obf u~drzuim ~"nln~unrlriiriuloa
$1454 ,
1) Ira Katznelsm, et al, eds. The Politics and society Reader ~I%~b3a~'~~ln?101 d 1nua6umri$@~ll~a~~nu. New York: David Mckay Co., 1974.
2) 7rlan irrilu. ZiJnuinuimr~o~. n1amnq : 11 ~n'rrduniinuin'u r i u l i l l n~
,2546.
fJ The World Almanac and Book of Facts lln~1& Google lm: Wikipedia l d ~ d i ~ 6.4 'IJUUW~IJ q ~ o ~ d i ~ i ~ l u I : ~ ~ m r i ~ ~ ~ ~ l ~ ~ d u n r ~ v f i ~ ~ d l ~ a d n ~ 1 u ~ 7 u ' ~ i l i ' u
rinl#8wn'dini 3 8116 ?Pillri
1) Force 80 diuiui1u~~#maiu~u111( . 4.ruirnfql4#v'n coercion (ln-~oaia-ih) n u1u89 farm of influence
characterized by a high level of constraint or compuIsion"
(Jack C. Plano, et als. The Dictionary of Political Analysis. Second Edition,
California : ABC-CLIO, 1982, p.2 1 .)
2) Power iio diwio ti% WUiymY4 ~$~unaiunmufia q i d $8 oirlflwdiuio
fnurouassun4oioivoun~~ui;i8 d s A'
3 Authority n'o d i~l~~~eusrruniodiui~w~nnuu0?nn1~uo'~5'u ~ i o ~ n 4 i o ~ 9 9 0 miuunfl~$un'qngpmu uiw!qiiunii legitimate power G[i~dniiuii uansaiuion tmr:
~siarndiwiow
4) flwd diw10 (power) {u i?n?amn~i Grover Starling 18isnuu:oonldlflu 3
3duuu !#kid . d d
I ) diuianinuariu ssi#wa~uw (connection power) n'a 2vniynin nio diuau
~nuuiqnR~uh * a 2 power11 i;o itn(umt~iiu@tu d ~ u n u i w ~ u d o d l ~ ~ 41u7wlno
2) d ~ u i u ~ u i t l i i ~ ~ i n ~ ~ ~ ~ u ~ i ~ ~ i z n i ~ " I u ~ ~ w z ~ ~ u a n i ~ (expert power) tiu llnnd
rioufldiuio~ndanu!(l
3) d ~ u ~ u ~ u ~ n ' ~ a i n ~ i t d # n ~ n i v " I u n ~ ~ " I X N ~ B I B ~ L L W W O ~ ~ ~ B I ~ ~ I J Y W (reward
power) i u - 1 ~ 6 ~ n iu i50"1~~uno~ nio P I I ~ ~ H ~ P nio " I X m a i u i ~ u l ~ ~ o I u d o ~ i i ~ ~ 1 8 ,
(Grover Starling. Understanding American Politics. Homevood, Ill.: Dorsey,
1982, pp.115-118.)
8w&u q il6uaUoariu POW ii du 9 9 w u .r( l d
1) enswu (influence) r n s ~ ~ ~ r n r ~ n n a w u n u ' ~ 1 ~ 1 1 ~ 1 ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ u u 1 0 0 1 (manipulation)
1iaznis94~"ais 2- 9 . 4 4 I s
2) ni~a'ng.rlo . (persuasion) usi&naiuindiuunlrrinulluqnroufimao@ 4 u naiu~i3ntbynfiwnrowwsn~d (obligation) i t o ~ # o ~ R o t l ~ ~ ~ o ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ i u ~ f i u ~ i i u i ~ i f l u ~ ~ o ~
f'! wgn&e.r" nio srauliban (legitimate) ( r ,
(Carl J. Friedrich, ed. Authority. Cambridge, .Mass: Harvard University Press, 1958,
pp. 178-8 1 .)
- -7
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4iinsimn dfi~nlurlou~o~~uif~9'dni3du
~Gnidiuian n?obiuiammad~# wiol~uaouarru (authority) d~diiuutii~ 7 6u \
d u d $4 iidnr (unr) iaiusi
(Max Weber) !&iu'9!%8~fri~d5~~fl~ (Max Weber. The Theory of Social and
Economic Organization. New York Free Press, 1947, pp.324-26.)
!#ilfi
1) laudg:ad4inia1~awiGeldqtli (tnditiona~ authority) ~ u i f i u i ~ ~ ~ u o ~ n i ~
~ I U ~ I ~ ~ W 9,2546, Hldl 339-371) I
6.6 ~ n ~ m ~ 6 i ~ ~ ~ w 0 ~ f i a i ~ ~ f i u f ~ e l i n 0 1 r " $Q ~ u ~ s . r ! i u u n s d i d s ~ f i ~
(Copernican perspective) ~ ~ 1 # ~ ~ d ~ ~ ~ ~ i ~ l ~ l 0 l ~ ~ ~ u ' ~ ~ l 5 l f f l f f O 1 5 " ~ l ~ ' 1 d n " ' I I ~ Nicolaus 4 w d
Copernicus, 1473-1 543 l~~lhfjlllff m i t ! l ~ l 5 f l ~ ~ o Donald E. stokes. nn'l3lfilfjmfl~fifiu
s ? a l n ~ ~ d i o 9 w ' a l 5 r u l ~ l n ~ ~ ~ o ~ ' ~ ~ 4 ~ n ' 4 1 ~ m ~ l 5 & ~ ~ 1 ~ m " ~ 6 ~ l d (a detached observer)
b.8dluliu:uo~{m"in)ula (a decision-maker) ~ ? ~ l u j i u r ~ n ~ r ( i i ? ~ n a ~ u n i . r n i ~ i d 6 ~ $ 2 41 .3
(political actor) n4u iluau (no iflu detached, positive snd descriptive perspective) i f i ~ Y U U O ~
B e J a a r~unnn' i~oinyurro~~11~~na~iwti i~1a~fl ior i1~!5 (normative) ~~ounisthrn.iiiuu8~ui
fluhrn f unii prescription) IXYuJ~zniu (prescriptive) itdanrugninmilrurnmr~zR'u
PWRlPl (micro-economics)
(Donald E. Stokes. "Political and Organizational Anslysis in the Policy Cumculum".
Journal of Policy Analysis and Management 6, no. 1 , 1986,45-55.) d
(David Easton %Id11 u ' d 8 l R ~ Eugene J. Meehan . 'IIB Contemporary Political
Thought: A critical study ( ~ a i u ~ ~ n i g l d s ~ ~ a w m ~ u : nig~nv11P.r?wl(ni. ~ o m ~ w o o d ,
I
Illinois: The Dorsey Press, 1967.)
Donald F. Kettl and H. Brinton Milward, eds. The State of Public Management. The
Johns Hopkins University Press, 1996, p.54) nr i ia~gqd
7. rq~1a91ilU015(1~55~91~a"U91n 4 4
n a i u n ' ~ i ~ ~ ~ m n s l ~ 1 ~ a ~ X u ~ u 5 u i ~ ~ u ~ u i ~ u d C o d ~ i ~ ~ n u o ~ ~ w i l ~ ~ u d n (Olympics)
ynluno 44mui1ni4iii 2700 gmuuiuda anzliintiu~didodrzuio 2300 ~ u i l i h ilnz 4 siarnaasuiiiaGu o nl~io\aud n i r A.R. 1896
M n . ~ . t o o s niruicGuaziiiu o drzmn4u
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Encylopedia. New York: Concord Reference Books, 198 1, p.58 1 ,) d 4 cj nw'~dodi~uo~isra1m~ai~uu~6uan'ua~n~ius~ni i~n~ iiuder~auaqi$urzuz
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imr iz i~qn l i i a i ja 'n~ fwz~9u13qd~t%~i f i~1 l o T U P ~ U ~ & ~ ~ M I Q V O ~ ~ +
Z l n a a i d h q i (d.rb%'uundoa j%flu ~ f i n i ~ r n d ~ d i a g ~ lulnnplziumn -1Xild vanrzbin
(socrates, 477-399 B.c.) d7ruia 24d6$1k~uiiiXa
uiqn!dij[aontiiutii ~Iun~fl~~~"-udmnRuua'w6n"'uu13~hnn~m~~6 oioliftuu
i i i qu u8nriwiv w% .R'nrAwjw m i u m u l ~ u l n ~ l ~ ~ u u (Indo-European) d ~ ~ i 4 ~ 4
n a 1 r r ~ u i u i ~ i ~ i w r u ~ ~ ~ u ~ z n i i ~ q 1 ~ ~ d i ~ 1 ~ w i ~ u ~ a u ' i o z i 9 ~ r i a r d w ~ ~ i 1 1 i i o i ~ n ~ i u ~ w o i u n
wnldini.rmz fio Builuynlunm
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az-bsnr) nauu~u~7~u ih rb i o lnnln (Plate, C. 427-347 B.c.) go ~0~111r~ida u i~&i i (
oon~flusiimndl~oenld I J ~ bad6 ~ i u ? n I$+ii+h idnlm (in64 oiu'ik ~laiuBnm~nirl8as
aiada~m~.rdaph. 2519) u.~,a.$nqn$ dr+itua 1#8wd nallm (u.s.a.n'nqnf d ~ ~ l u a .
reuaawng. 23 nqNmnra 2 5 3 1 , ~ 6 l 9.1 .
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theoretical foundation I ~ U J l f l j l ~ 1 ~ 9 ' ? l ( ) ~ a for a government that would embody the justice
d~niunirdnnro~ddnndn~Gli J JU he had found to be lacking in the actual governments of
his day.")
(G. Vesey and P. Foulkes. Dictionary of Philosophy. London: Collins, 1990, p.223.)
iui t o 1 l~ i r~nu~mul l iun i ru~r io~ i i i 8u9n i~~dc~~n iaminTo~d~zn iau
"13 (founder, founding father) 80 fiol~ahmliaw (I~u~uI?) Lii;~~uaoontd~.ln'u1~~1fl~11'tlu
rinooniiiudu n'o so7nIniifng9 dli#alidiio:16dic!amiunaiu~uu 80 il&1lAneciiuu a 4 d l : u~nnm~9~~iuotoi~nhlili~auu1niiazlid1n'mw1zlua.ri~~nnmr~niuu nd~a
6u~1d iu~8u(~~na iu~ouf~~uun ia i~n~u(enc~c1o~aed ia ) iiofl~ouYjnBoq n ~ a f l o d l ~ n /
d u r n ~ r j m ~ ~ l i l m u m ~ ~ ~ d i ~ q j i & t r i politics d
n a i u r o u f ~ ~ . r a i i a ~ m ~ ~ a i l l i n " ~ u u ~ i n n i r i l a ~ ~ ~ ~ i 3 n'o ii IQ r z ~ ' u o t ~ u
k a i ~ (genius) o(ii.aiRua nTo~innir i i finlev idu rnwa1mid~~~ffni1a.i id~8uiw'ilzij 4 ' ~ l d $3. t o uqpnrqui run '~u1~~hni~u r~uironiulnPiinu~n'urianini~iaun'u 1Mllri i6iviu
lia~nnriulnai (uiwhiTiuui1 amnnuaai) ~c11~iduuiuunriln7n~unniuidu~nr~rr~
n'uoimin~18.aiiiid llloiiOu au"rzfk8Gui~umowmu"o
w~~ihasiannu~nai1&i~uni~un( io~i i lSu uumnr- (The Great) nioui.m!q o, a d w sd.4 Zuni1 ~~nlmrul lalannumoi$n~u~~ nrcibunu~ruiuoiiwrzruoJ'0~1~ 20 wrruinnzi8u14
~ q i i r i & i 33 W33fl1(356-323 B.C.) d: 4 Imunld c iou~~zi j fnuimri~mnplr u u u n ~ r ~ u n ' i i ~ l $ u a $ o q n ~ q d r z ~ m n ~ ~ i i ~ a : :
cia 1 diaqjiuiriou nirciiliinuociaiigni$1ms"lu~iuz~Iflu"anerini~~u~u~9.oiai~zuiniia~~du
~:uu i9uwn~1udaulw~uo~uwid~ia~oiiabmida
B niu16snquo(iisiiws'wniu idu d ) ~ l a h i (Bhagavad Gita) w ~ E ) n i i U O ~ ~ W ~ ~ M ? O "urn
n33 la tq l lnwd i~ iin:lunCdoarrarnii (srn'uuniniwU'-epic) idu uwi113m:: d
(Mahabharata) i i ~ ~ 3 1 9 J l ~ ~ 3 ~ (~%310l l l l z The Ramayana) 4 8 4 uwimrm:i8uarrarnm.a~u(idwn1unu mrziduariumracn~iuriiuo.r~~ua~U
4 I uwimnkocnrnro I ) ~al8.A (Iliad) iinr 2) IDA^^ (Odyssey) ooni~ucmuwouiyn3u n'o
~89'111a813fh (Aryan) d :
u n ~ n ~ ~ u n c ~ o c r ~ o c flwoi~ed8ic6rn~~lnin Y d uocnirinuoir6'u e
ii tlnp Aa) i!evii~#iim~oiruio'nrrad urrw'c r~n~nc~~l#r~mn~r~%~anauna"u~zni ic
~ 1 3 ~ W ~ ~ r n 3 l " a ~ ~ W @ravidian)
(nuou oiuiu~ww". dsz 4 d 19ulif : ernna~ilopGu. nqcmnr : vitiiiy nir
w'uwd, n fi 19-20.) . ._
8.2 u w i n i ~ ~ ~ o e ~ i u t ~ u ~ 6 r ~ ~ a n ' u ~ ~ z r i u nniituj' nr:n'nvii U i r f t~ i w ~UIUII~:
A di~a:nrtu q 5 u t f l u n i r a z d u ~ d u n i i 461vww iinmaidu3riun?iaivorrvvIna~wd (divine
kingship) I R U ~ W ~ ~ ~ I U 14;114 8~(i07113 Y d e ~ u W ~ ~ l ~ n 5 ~ n l ~ l ~ J n ~ ~ ~ 8 ~ v l " avatar 1 ~ ~ d n ~ l r ~ ~ e ~ n r n u 0 ~ n l 3 ~ 3 1 ~ 3 a 8 9 n 1 9
(two-way traffic) r:~~ie~ir~arrum:~uoonn'um:a'uwn d
(d~'VT~a0111-avatar 1. Hindusim a god's coming down in bodily form to the earth;
incarnation of a god. 2. any incarnation or embodiment, as of a quality or concept in a person.
6145~ Webster's New World Dictionary, 1979, p.96.) ~ o l W l : % 4 ( ~ (Vishnu) nioBYi3:
w i 3 l u d (Narayana) 66nznl~~nq~(118%!~13 i m z u i r 8 d i u i o (charisma-oanl8u9~1 "lmfi
.& B 1 1 w a n i f lu l i i rdu? i iud i i i 6uy3y nio .uyH rtnoriuiirflugilnna~9uan
I uyvbt9ununrn n r i e ~ o d 0 d ' i o z r r ~ c v u n i u w ~ 9 ~ rmr i i tn iwndonpwuih
PS 103 2 1
-. 1 ..
lunlutRrilnuI#~uhuuini~uoq
(Gn h.ruiql8u. rzuudkqlinido~~pbuipba~aaufiia~ad. nqcmwl: dirinduw'
qwinsnr&uminu~iiu, 2529, H ~ I I .)
ciu"nuiua~rtuniaai~~~~~~ia~~uan'uf3iaini~1~1nffo rnailunonmrdnnrot 94 w ~ m z w a ~ u w r : o ~ ~ ~ n i ~ $ r ~ ' ~ ~ ~ u ~ u n i r ~ n w r o ~ d u ~ " i ~ $ ~ c & i o ~ ~ i ~ ~ ~ i ~ ~ i n a i ~ ~ ~ a Baluyn
a 4 Awnnuaf l#?ulul duo~#iaa1%1nr~~wnopb q
(1. A.L.Ba5ha.m. The Wonder That Was India. New York: Grove Press, 1954 2. V.P.
Verma. Hindu Political Thought and Its Metaphysical Foundations. Varanasir and Delhi:
Motidal Baranasidas, 1959. ~.Iu~%I?uYR~H~ 0 1 0 d l ~ l f l ~ V.P. Verma. Political Philosophy
of Mahatma Gandhi and Sarvodaya. 4t ed. Agra: Lakshmi Narain Agarwal, 1981 .)
~ ( n n n d i i i ~ r o ~ a ~ u i a i n w a t a i n i l l i r i 4 l a i i m nieGanuYiwnnud aiua
arrvnin~l fo3uiui i w.rz~,flui#ilnh~Innudaafiqrarud~~a'p~Ian sioa1nhlrnh.r " a id4 uyvt idol~uyub 1) diliin: 2) o ~ i i U e d i ~ d n R q u I ~ ~ ~ i a ' u n i r d ~ . u ' ~ ~ ~ ~ a a a ~ z p l ' ~ a n0
r i ~ n d i d u o ~ a ~ r r t 1) nnnuaf 2) n Jw?b 3) uwnu' (do611 imz 4) Vr
Z n ~ r u n d o a w r s r ~ a ~ i ~ i h w ~ni.snriia.j1wrz5iaiZo~dd;1znouitol'~iww7~
n l z c ~ d ~ q l i i w r r a r u ~ d i ~ ~ . r z o ~ d ~ ~ z b 5 i i m z v r z w i ~ wr:oaito wrzoitniimr
wrz6'uni n'o na~ntianaiuylrrru mrsqdn'o Jiiaqiar n'o wr:aja iit~ nvrriniuqbs
~d.rSunrmwm ( d a ~ h ~ u i q j i u , dpd iq , w f i 48.)
o l i~d r in iu i i A i u r r u i u i d u a ~ u d n ~ 1 r ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ . 8 ' ~ o i ~ ~ m ~ ' o p 1 u ~ ~ ~ (8finSJImm ilPi?~
8.ma1uii~liiuuoq(du ~7urzr1a1nrsfii ln~uui~luw5~51an"~ ffo n a w q ~ ~ i m z n ~ n r l u 4 nn1aztidqo1~1k.r naiuhka nirdo; l i ru~iuBo~i~nrn~rdnnro~iBo~vulXo~lu~a~u
i niu~uo!bina1uiiiu~in~uui~iidn:nuudaain~dr:~u~uui~~~6a wr:~iainrri$on &!is4 plaiol~iunnnqn
nirai~uwudi6tglun"onir wrrsiainr~dinv1nrinud(~~~3~~1q6~q~q~ 061 Z b o f i u ' u g i u i i ~ a c i ~ u w a ~ a a o 1 f i i ~ ~ 1 a " u ' 1 u z ~ 1 ~ 1 n ' ~ ~ a w z ~ ~ i ~ ~ a % 1wair!#rrq?w~1~ua35'
otii;lu~nyt ilia^ ~i.ru%yiv. diwdia.ndi27.)
8.4 d ~ n o u n ~ ~ ~ n s i i ~ n ~ w a d o n a ~ r l n ' ~ n i ~ n ~ r l i i o ~ idu liinou~$uan'u
nnl5ticirra~u 6du4u ((arlan "?mu,. nkm~qnrniauiKuda~'11iBd1~1~ nrGnaiu
luuamcl. ~onm~rnt iaini~~malnu zoo. qu6ionrnslainmr narzijmnmi un~i'inuiliu
31~~111~4,2546.) '
od4 oiailnui din%i i s l ~ n ~ i z ~ ~ n . ~ i u n i ~ d n n ~ ~ . ~ ~ ~ ~ n ~ ~ ? i ~ a i u
w3zo;rn"luoffmuo.~Su14u idu 3irawuirrtVa~o.awrzdi ~ o l m n ~ ~ l i a i r " ~ $ ~ ~ ? I ~ or n d d d
tlHPI3UDPnM 3 i i $ ~ r i v a s d ~ ~ z ~ ~ S D P ~ I % ~ ~ U { Z D1 un~J i~Bqmr Y I ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ S I R U ~ A P I I U
ncllinirsrarui~~wfzv~n~mnui
nrsrau 10 ~ isnc l%s~ ia rmu nuiui7.r I) sa~uuotarznai #ow'sdg'G?, 2)
~a%1~wrz6ku~iu~"una3d3zw~? ol?6uniiigu dhmu (norms), 3) qcusrauuor a d ~dnn.ro.adiuiiior fitnpndio~6u'uffallfiGGIu~9q *mrnrzdi i i i n ' ~ ~ ~ ilnzqn.rd3~ (Cu
HUIU~'.~ gclanl gmun~dimzdi%qi), 41 s.1ruuot~ndnnro4 n'o &$ugiur~G4li.riiuflv%i
szKunl1s q 1
I) niu ni~!i(~o nnzn?widtrioirji24iiu4 dauinn'odrznnupi iinriiidqj
nis1sadsz%u(lr6
2) i n naiudrzwqR5ciu n'o chraumuimza3nair drznouuimrqtkinlli d s y n ~ , d
imlqm18nasiflu~aoii~ i m : i ~ u d m i m ~ ~ i u ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ e l r ~ a ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ r utwuuonlnrszgiinnu
3) filj001nz n i r ~ 3 o ~ n 80 iilunnz~~ai~qudiriql i?Iu&u mnomtu~~mu~~mu~~o
I) d3zlmdqrredcnnu imz 2) naiuu~uiiou#wuo~sJ'iu ~u"o4
4) 01nnaz naiu40mrs Go . $ o ~ . i t v r ~ ~ G 1 ~ u ~ ~ u i d$Fim~iial~uqoim i innu
isl lo lu'wnonnasdazriru
9 Lna:: naiudsuluu n'o iihuliiu ~ixiowB~wuiurnunrz~i~ o'ooqi i n a ~ u
~4 i~ ia~ i iR~dn 'a~ i i 3u iqn iw~~uan nzyunrlu IwT4;naiukfinfftdiiuimdiin5q
6) ~ d z flIlUIII46GlII n'0 ~u).IN~~BII~~(uH~ i i ~ ~ ~ ~ i n r o ~ . i i Q i ~ 0 ~ 1 m r z ~ u ~ u & ~ u ~ t
18 lu'uo~ln'nn~lwnwuny'ulunaiuqvsSiri~~inznaiunl~uid~ i ina iu i~uo~ndimm
nioodi-anii7q r j s ~ u l d ~ z d i d ~ ~ i u r di ialf luiqrd
7) Wnsz naiu'luTn3s n'o 'ldn$anrin p6iui~naiulnrs audu1wql8%7a6'u
naiuunzn.iziimrdi~ q iimnmclduassu iiiumnielrzdila~~szs'unai~~n'o~~u iQo i ,
n a i ~ i i ~ z n s ~ i i n i s 8 a u ~ ~ 1 1 6 u s i u ~ u u i ~ u ~ a u ~ ~ m u ~ ~ s -
8) o j i i ~ u i naia~'ldi iu~lB~u 80 i d i ~ ~ u n ~ i A ~ U iRuniGyfi?~ niointu6
riu~~~lanriro1n'unaiuoiwimin~ua95'a w e d A
9) @LIMB\ AalUbAn91 Wo QWYIU~QJIUWPISIOPI~I ~ ~ Q ~ ~ ~ u ~ ~ ~ u ~ ~ ~ ~ u Q u ~ ~ ' ~ u d re, dualr nlunonou n ' a a r ~ n ~ a ~ n ~ t i r h u 4 1 1 ~ u n d ninmaodiala 6linaafiiklo ldnsuar
~ J ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ A ~ I A P I ' I I B P I B ~ ~
10) oilrsu: naiu7dnainsrru n'o ?iaotkSuwCwcifiiiduIu~~r~ A P ~ 7 i j i 4 4 d s nnuioul~uanhinaiw5izdoud1~3fiu niniinnir:: rrrooQgi3uat su~girualla 7 137%
d d a 'sn ih luarru i?qli?uylarru n'o nnumuaar5u na unrrrrr n'o rsiduuiiuui~wunXnnia
e, A 9 019 llnnroa mnaaouuuuarruiiiuudr~iwsil6~3aiu ilR 1JJr::wqAlnmnoungliaa~(slld
(Dictionary of Buddhism). u ~ ~ ~ V ' Y I ~ ~ ~ ~ O ~ ~ I ~ ~ V U I ~ , 2538, ~ l f l 285-287.)
n1ri~uui~uu61nouma~~aii"n~?4io~~93a~oa~1?m1a4'~fl1$1mi$u1nn~na~~u
Buddhism) idud uT5d1 (Naropa Institute University) Ol l $ ~ a Boulder ~ f i ~ d a r i ~ ~ 1~ anYjoius13ni
8.5 lud~rmn'lnu~rnrdu~a~iuan'v niYh?mii Ilu~snar~u4iu~ai~m7n#gluls)~w' Y
nl~YnulnGuni 200 ?I Id n...2szs o u $ n ~ a f l a i ~ ~ n i r i i u a ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ n n ~ ~ ~ ~ u r a u f l ' ~
Jr::riilJlnu. nlainnl : ~~6nirya~naninu'nar'uw'ui1idafon, 2527. n r ~ ( ? i o i ~ n ~ ~ u s l r ~
n{n (pillar) i i ~ ? f i n ~ n a r 5 ~ ~ ~ a ~ 1 ~ ~ ~ 1 i ~ 9 p r d n i a d n n r o ~ o i o r i d r ~ w ~ r i i l ~ ~ n ~ ~ ~ ~ n a ' n 0 ) A a iunni nlaciidunrin i i u m o u n i r n h ~ o u u n u ~ i a ~ ~ n i r d ~ n o ' ~ ~ ~ n i ~ ~ n (8o urhc) i i o
u i K n n 7 ~ u ~ i G u m i ~ i i n z ~ o ~ l n d i 4 ~ ~
'9. Yg~inmiluoiquaqqumz.%;u~on : $u I
a au~uranmia imuaraud~c i~ i i~ rnato ' rna iu i4 iu i~~~~oa P anfi?ndq go
(Philosophy n'o dfr(~1) lJ~~kTlu'~tl1n P'a du7 f o Power, Pvblic, Policy, Persons 1163 I
Paticipation Jfwqi HUIUBJ ~?IU *d. l i .~$~ ~~n::naw~ ~ d . ~ l n * P f i i ~ J k ~ l i ~ ~ 7 M?Q ~ ~ ' l m r
24 PS 103
P
h a d - u o ~ 7 u i a a J r r u i m aoossoo~'Jui i~Xa ibillril) m a i i o n i o l n a i l o (Laocius n i o P
Lao-tm J r z u l m 604 B.C.) 2) a d o trjerc8'o (Confucius C. 51 1-479 B.C.) 3) l d ~ i a n i a l d P
98 0 (Mencius 'IJS~~JIW 372-289 B.C.) '." : *
9.1 maia'o d n m i u h 6 n v a A r i o d i a q i n i o ~JnapJ{ar iw
1) Pa4 mm~o~si~uinni iuc#oJrzu~m 20 Q k i fu mmioi i t41oruaam
odia~nfiriuwrz~naorn'n'odaqdijunii 64qnaoin9s nuiu i iq qnar inr ia f lapr ju (iiu
2551) ~an+-~ulani.45 $nr.r&nou n"odtzu7p l2596~ uiililj -0' + dinouuo~inm~oJrifiQ9uErluo~iiunr~mi~din~ip n'o o 'o i iwi i i f luAvdi i iu
8Vlzlh ~f oldil (TAOISM)
A i i i I& (Tao) %O$~I%I~UHUIU~J b6W19n, uP133glln n j Y ~ g l a i u ~ ~ u ? d m i u
~ ~ n n i ~ v o ~ m r n i h ~.mXiui iunaiunaiuuo~ 6cmnrn9u n i o 66u0179 l vmu iu i i i 8unnqm
(n. miiurqm ~mzluiaimu' nalilnyadun cio~n-ina.r : J&qlil6i J j~u i ldw.
nlawnq : k G u A o c , 2 ~ 2 6 , ~ G i lo, 17-18.)
-2) r i i nouuosmmio $8 1) l X ~ i ~ ~ ~ 3 ~ i m ~ ~ ~ n i a s i a n i ~ l d m i f ~ ~ ~ ~ n ~ a 0 ~ w 9 1 4 P 4 n?omiuurrsn (dl) uoqnrm&di.r q 2) nov~( i luna iunwm ~ d i i d q i i u q a ~ ~ a a d u iinz 3)
1 X i i c l a ~ u ~ J u o ~ o d i ~ j r q m u l ~ u a m ~ l t c i . r d i l u (liiuud) . 3) l i i n o u d i d u a r i u n i ~ ~ n g l ~ o ~ ~ w ~ m r ~ u ~ ~ a ~ w i a ' o ~ ~ ~ u " ~ 1Aid
n. ~ ~ ~ ~ r i u ~ ; l d m r ~ n ~ a d o n i r n f i ~ v o ~ ~ i u d n n r ~ ~ (iinfi.rii) n ~ m n i o a A'
I n ~ o r i i i m u i i 4 a (iliudnnroq) a ~ o d i ~ n ~ n $ o ~ u o a i i u ~ . r n $ l d n n d . r w p w i h d nrpr
t9lPilnsp1614'4"
u. ~ n ~ r d a r l ~ r i u ~ r d ~ r j ~ m i u ~ i k ~ h.r~m~tl~~iv~ldobglaiup13~nf
(voqmu) i n u i ~ 1 7 i ~ i ~ u a r r u r ~ ~ ~ i u u 4 1 ~ q l J ~ d u ~ l d # a i i l n d m n a i d a n (oo.amu) o m
~iiav*(idqhq, nG-135-3s.) B 449
9.2 a a t o n ~ o u q r o u a a m o ~ u i u n i i 2400 au~lth i i ~ ~ u ~ l r : p n ~ o u i o ' ~ t u ~ ~
77 n'o Kung ~eh-cheng ~ P I U ~ n.n.2529 o i y 65 B im:i(ifd'n10dlu14injunu a n m ~ n u o r v d o
k5dduin ibu . ~ w n d i u % d d n a e ~ a d a 8o 28 riuuluw k l&f lu .iynan (Far Eastern
Economic Review, 8 August, 1985, p.34.) A d a I a liinouuo~u~ooifivqmarruii~~nm"qqnm~aiiuo~qmr~um~~miu~ani (fi l ial piety)
~ u l ~ a u l l a ~ ~ n h t (right living)
dq$onau~~fdn' l lnnr~~~~asaru ~ m z ~ u n m i n ~ o c i i o u r r w i d r z ~ ~ r i ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ d n d o ~
~ ~ A ~ ~ v D . ~ w B ~ ~ w R I ~ I G ~
c i n i . a i n i r a i ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ 8 ~ 1 ~ 1 ~ 1 d u o t n i ~ u ~ v o ~ u r t l i " a m u i ~ ~ o d " w i (Nanyang A d
~ n i v e r s i ~ - ~ ~ Y ~ ~ d ~ ~ d a ~ ~ ~ f l . ~ Nanyan Technological Inrtitute) # f l Y l l f l U ~ L ~ UYIdd$iiUO6U
siia~rn~6nludoqviia q
~ J Z I I U ~ U I P i io n ~ i u ~ 1 ~ l n $ i ~ ~ 9 ~ ~ m ~ n ~ ~ u u o ~ I a n ~ l z a ' u o ~ n n ' ~ ) ~ ~ a ' u ~ n Y 4 nrii?n'o i~uoiralm~~sllflu3~u'vo~1wobm~flu~aain"~ 20 1dlriiiliia~rtaiq~~fluoioi56
A l . 4 6di~pd~lluun1u.r~~1~.erw~ooniodri"~~~u~ou n'a udo un~~ulldjilonniwii~ 1 tptu
8~ 2 4 0 0 ~ ~ 1 1 l ~ ? ~ l Q Q ~ l l l ~ ~ d
s i ~ n 1 m 1 i a ~ ~ u u t d u ? ~ u 1 0 u a ~ m ~ u n i ~ 4 u ~ u 8 ~ *'ihltuu~ii( q UOP~WRI~ # u ci ~fluvo.mmkloqCqiiu i io yrwdnlAun~.n~nn~naiu~~"aua~~i(ilii~~oda~~~wd q ~azaan.rasnr.r
naiul4E
(The Politics of Aristotle translated with an introduction, notes and appendices by
Ernest Barker. London: Oxford University Press, 1961, p.57. ; cited in Wu Tch Yao, "Aristotle's
and Mencius' Ideas of Politics", in the Occacional Paper Series, No.100 of the Institute of
Humanities and Social Sciences, College of Graduate Studies, Nanyang University, Jurong Road,
Singapore, 1979, p.9)
9.4 quj (qunj, Sun wu) b ~ u ~ n 1 m r n r u n t ~ d n ~ a ~ 4 o ~ 1 u ~ n ~ w ~ a &du
li7~dkswrr~'ldou#oudiu10 di~nmtunrdi.r q nuiuiu4m~iuifluInoj iinirrunriilu
Y Y i u ~ ~ o . ~ ~ ) ~ ~ u o n ~ a ~ ~ d # ~ u ~ o f i w i m ~ ~ a z ~ i ~ n ~ u
n. qyrniui"~i~1~ia~$ld (Y~z~&~~H.HQ 1 ~ ~ z l f i l d ~ ~ ~ l ~ f l ~ ~ ~ i w " W d 5 i u ~ ~ 1 ~
Goulnoj u d ~ i i u i i n r : i # i ~ n ~ n ~ " u ~ a i ~ ~ a i ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ f l ~ ~ Q i ~ o ~ ~ ~ n i o ~ n o i n ~ i ~ n i r ~ d o ~
~679fil41WM
u. ~iAiia'ua.rnriuuo~q~jii~Rur6~0~'~uiu dtu.oi~jiiundo.r qu~ndiaii
wn"nWua4nmu ii s dsrnis 1Giiiti nirP1iUPqii.~
d d . I ) nrru Ao n~nmlfiriugri~fliaauiwIpdd riuihudi iauiflunaiu~iul~ulai
5 ~ C k I d 8 ~ h P l 5 1 ~ I . . , I
2) Bpdflioinin n i r ~ n ~ w i q n ~ ~ u ~ ~ u n u i a du~nynnioiiw'.aii6.a
3 gSJr-.mn iiuafiugqqdd'q .. 4) yuwn i io ~nnn~nod3hu I ) ntiflqlqll 2) naiul$u.rarou 3) naiuamml
4) naiupdiniq imz 5 ) n a i u l d i r ~ a n I ~ u ~ ~ ,
5 ) rduu3flu i i~ mrbwnru i ~ ~ d ~ n m n m m i r q ~ u q 9 ~ l ~ d i u u ~ ~ n ~ ~ X ~
(ifitur irqn, $dnunzliuuliuc, dinllr'aaqnriuqlw~. n14inwl : diu'nriud n.16,
2529, ~ ~ 1 5 ~ 1 0 . )
n. iiinouuo.aqu~ 8tn3iu niuiigr v$ui i b r i w ~Ao~u'ului~uniriofl 118
ru loo nf.aAauz 100 nfq 6 i f i o u u o ~ ~ u ~ 1 5 u ~ n r i i ~ v ? ~ l i u u m i ~ i l ~ 1 ~ ~ d ~ 1 J ' 6 o ~ i 1 4 ~ 1 n ~ ~
Jrznirurn nirfgo nirl$i& (access) imz~&'h (understand) ~n$f4nismrzwh
( A W W ~ ) &in"un2iuPhiT~buu?un d 4 Jr:mrd 2 smvnnoldauwnndup idu nnui nnundil~ 1mzauarrnCnluda~0RPI
liR'nirnoiiakiguei~~nuo n'o dri~cinn~iaiiu'uou iiniriid~idduu
drzrnrff 3 ar~n3:#q~o~nii(u2n'urn~~~q (~iu'viw yunn) ilulnior nio ~ n k ~ * 2 18 Aa uindezdrz~unmwnirdii.a q 1XlnXn?iurSuctr fiuiw~iri5udo~swifimduim
naiumiw~urniuiia pi?0tiiq 80 1u~2.a~iuvoquwinqnS~u1nnnfqd 2 so~~iuniulSiiiamoi
wuiuiucr ~f i i~ Ao $ n u n i r t c n u o ~ d i u ~ u ~ ~ a ~ i w " ~ d n ~ ~ ~ ~ n d ~ . a Q ~ ~ n ~ ~ n r o ~ ~ n u d i u r ci d' d w P
t u o r h iidfiniuirnnriul4 nenfiinuma?.r q i ~ s n ~ ~ o n ~ z ~ i n i r u n w n u u ~ n d w ~ s 0 1 ~ t i l ( 6
iipwau 248,) duniiynana D-nay B~rjqlnms~~uuiuwnn"i~ia ~ 1 % i) 10mum2f 114
nin~d~uuiduufi6inoulu~5z~~1~1fiui Ao N$b$r.ru 7 ids or~n"u i im~~na i i l i i 4 I nouinor~ikrnroun~a0tiiqno~~r6n~iuin kd
dbd 1 L ( T t y c y m i ~~nnoJi5uafKnmq~~ ,
rod 2 5nFqcyni ~~nnuijlu(f6nwns~
hi/ 3 &dlqtyni **nnui$uqf'tn~uss
4od 4 h@a(ni ~1l~iui5u~f~nl)~:uiar"
64 s mgqcym ~n2iui9u(f'nnin~*
PS 103 27
I.
$ail 6 fi#gqmi 6sna~uiqu(fkluaum
b# 7 l)n~%yqni '~naiui~u#'inynnn"
1inouuua~naR'tnPiiani%11~~~11dd~r~n~14 Irildduaidnwiqmnm%"iiilu&;iu
n~rnroq~mlnui?a 7 !d#au R'~d~ing~u$oi!uui~~an'uiId~rwinu~ifl~d ni3u?wi=iq3n"~
im-8u 7 4i?u
9.5 i~o~s1amamri~oad~an'uu1n~1na~~tun3s%1~~d%za"mfl1glma"11oa~u 60
do?raiuih (The Three Kingdoms) d 3 ~ ~ l f u W.R. 71 1 z0 1700 8 daruiida
wmuiinw i f luplqaiuni~l ls~W'u6~~~ Jnn ls~~@u m a nf iu oa idonrnufou'l
uiii#a #auiU$nim3z6unrq9fudi IUIIIYI'I~U ~ n ~ u ~ n o ~ w m u a l j u (versions) i i u miuh
1) afiuhwr:uiwar~4 (MU) 2) a5uaa3nnvaaeirou $r~uubuoidub~noinfliun"n
arj,iBiw$zuiw3s~~~a (nu) ~in:afiumu16qnqu uoau'iini indiaoi iinr 3) ahuiuqu
voa u.r.a.iinqni d3Ca ifluXu
yr$u iiiumrnnr iiuuliuanJqdo4o n&lnuiinafiu'uu'uh ~~udnr'aii ln
qmnu 2540 Tnudiu'nriu&inam?-nfounoa $ t m ~ ~ ~ ~ a u o n r i i i l u r ~ i n i ~ n i a ~ d ~ a '1
KaPioldZ
1) naug 44du~~u~douiiinainn~~nazfii6q~3m71 mow nairrdari~$uoanau~
2) ~Ruaqu 46fiiqfunidu qtuaniluh9* wou ihay ugnnoudanir naiunuiu - iio ~dajJnqml#i(hrlsn~r '
3) Idd (1) "Think Big, you will be big" ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ I ~ ~ ~ I u I Q I I w ~ ~ I ~ H ~ " ~ ~
m$dni r n'o diriuCvniuoald3ou q nn~lnuianiztiawu'i d e
4) 34 66rmd~ia14'qld $ i i i ionuiu18~~i Ia~~ mou G~iflund3nviuoaidi$nia
S w i g $0 iiua CP #~o1~tu16n~lru=na1~'Ifl~8au 1 4 4 3 didJ (2) uC/iad%!(ln 80 6dalu~jla~u" mow midivqJuai~ai3u#d?nui
9 . 4 s 6) u r i h (1) 6.~ian'onaa naaiisalia~9 mou#uam~nnntunaPqui21
w 4 Y
7) Guvkn "niuuu 101.4 niudiaii/uaw ~ l0u na1~iuaiu~o~4uGuji niruinir n"a
w"ao51mu%#iglun5n lridouiro +
8) W k (i) ~66u'ui~.a~umiumai:~~~~iaiiw"iou1y mou &lh~ ioannuia i~ua lL
au~nSlfl&rn3
28 PS 103
10) Z'hd (1) 66~dunuinln oriiqnadiafiaaw ~ o u Blilrun'u~Ru?y u ii13 yod+7n?nRd~rr~rzi iidn. utfaanayn~muh. n lc~swl : diu'nw^a.~d
qvniwla, 2542.
nin 1 a'ikiaanib%#nsa
1) n?i~i-atfo-aii~zn?i uo-an"n~d i~ -~~uQut i lu~b~~~~ i rnn
2) 1di~aiui~eosnrrtiou~~~-1r;l~i1u3#m~~nrt~~a~i
nin 2 a'i&aaniafii~osnsaIauia l a a
1) in1 duum-aiial Juoun'u-8wn'finir1n*on~iin ( r a ~ f a - ~ e n ~ shuild4qf.J-
ni~i iunais)
2) v~ i~~ i ;u~ni~ i~ lcn"&aude,d i .~ - f~oc~u~io in iw(~~o 'un i~~~a i~m~)
3) ~a~ndiiu'uni~odierzoJ'mrza'c-uiuqvodi!&du~nu"
nin 3 a'i&aunlaeuauduiwic
1) i ? iQn t i 3 nf-a Thra 3 nu-vimn?luo juod?adoudru (uim EQ)
2) (I[un~uu~u~o~d~8m-~n'~q~rrrrn"1xl~zdo
nin 4 a'idiauniadnnaesnos
1) ~~ iC~dpnui~eh . t~sua~-n"06~~sa#9~ i i~ud~$1 '~
nin s a'i&aunia~~ii~os'ia
1) vdi3~jiolal&uiu~nm-naiuduinna#ldnifin"m v o 4 4
2) v~i~~niu~0~lmiosni~6~~w~naad8)0ddaufido0dda~
3) ucifi-alcyun-durulaf n-mi'11osdaa3Jdin a d d 31 marqls. cnurlnaGumrliie~ : ~iifirirhutini4losII3nia uiwia.nu nir
l m ~"r~mriiioc. nldinwl : diu'nw^uiini!m?nu, 2545 ~d inou~cf r r iu I
1) a f i ~ q i u 6 i u i ~ au'iuinSe8u ri 4
2) i u o i r o ~ ~ ~ u d n i u ~ t i i u ~ ~ w i a z u ~ ~twaifiwtf-ateldihu l a ' i l qqdaa
isim'aaem
3) vYairidi~qna'i@u n~~~1w'u~i )nd~1~dif i~1n'11~1
4) ~nC~i iwndiu odiuorhul~~+d~~il lo
9144 lo, u~nnm~flqqiuo~oiifilfii6aiio(~~iodnai~u -
si3a~m16a (d I6 iua~u i i i~du~no i l~u i (Founder) i l n i l n i ~ m f i 8 ~ U m = i ~
uiu imn~nn~s~~d~oiwi~n~ui~~ 'bm~G~~~~1uia~o11~1: lm~~ Macedonia) JuplJUoiruifinr
knrii2ii l iuribuipJr~~i~i5 Iqodut1~wln8ni.a gTnnniliu iln:$nnigu(hdrew
Hacker. Political Theory. New Ymk: MacMillan, 1961, p.23.) i A I
10.1 oiiar~mliniimiii9~oJnid~iv~1wahm tu amuirmr8nvilm$am q~lwnlm
I ~ B o i i 11snlcinmrii (Academy) c r - 4' r h v ~ 1 o n 1 ~ ~ a ~ ~ i n n u u a 1 n a r n 1 ~ ~ o ~ l a ~ ~ ~ u ~ i o ~ o 1 s ~ ' u n 1 ~ 8 t 7 ~ 1 1 9 ~ ~ 6 ~ : d u
n'oifIuiliiiln 7 (Wa~iui:~~ nio rvjuaqndn) niooia~duunkc 7 1XiinXiu 7 ciicin9rn d l A
JiTundqo~5ulu n'o odlunru~uufiy1~viuiw'uf r d oioaiI4lun~iunuiudi idurjcu8muaoiunro1nuan'uni~flnyilmrusclcl:
a~ (Acpdern J 1~n? iu~u1u i i48u f l0 is~ 'un11 i in~11~~0a~n1~11 i~a l~~~ ,~ i
10.2 lu3 343 fiou n.n. (343 B.c.) oiiaTsli5Yn !fiu~aul~din'cy13 i nu n'o
vp~mrquir~~n'wiai6nauiio11T~1Gei~IX~ifi aomnnulmoi (tinflutrooniiiuci8usz1ano111~
mai) ~ ~ d ~ U u o r : ~ u o ~ i n ~ m ~ i n ~ ~ i ; i r f i ~ i ~ n ~ O ~ f i u ~ o ~ I d o i i I iiiOuu (~yceum)
(The Concord Desk Encyclopedia, vol.1, New York: Concord Reference Book, C
1982, p.87.) , ,
10.3 u r ~ n m ~ ~ ~ i ~ o ~ o i 5 a r ~ ~ 1 f a ~ i ~ ~ a n " ~ n 1 ~ 1 ~ ~ * ~ n711113 do4 n'o
1) Ygsirruqtg 2) ~ I N I F J U Y I ~ I ~ O P 1 : 3) nirljnnr~aTm~n~vhiu
niia#o a I l a n. ~roqmmd~n'uijsirruycy
L 1~13unio81u'luliioqdiq 7 & 158 ~ J ~ ~ ~ ~ M ~ ~ ~ B ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ L ~ ~ ~ I ~ ~ I ~ ~ J ~ ~ ~ O ~ I M ~ ~ ' I U N
rr.rrdiairityIuni~rnra.rnriuocii~da I ~ ~ r ~ n ~ ' ~ n ~ w d d i ~ u ~ 3 ~ ~ i r n : a i p d 1 1 ~ . f i p d i i ~ q . -
.&a- ounsznqnqepdlZu
,
ws:riirreian~11iwi~oiiii~uii~11ti~f3u~Zn~wniww"oidoii~uI~dsIa.~~ 326 fioun?nm
i7ns.i~ n"o niuirnniniw'wun:niuif~~fiii4u~infuii q uesZui5u4iIXiii~ni~waruwniu
r:nii~e1run~ruara"pd~1nn'umza"pdeen ~1rnz1Filjiioiij~rrugtyw3own'nnirdnn5o~uo~
lurimuiwrii&nluld1no1oia~4qt$~ifi~q11~n3r3uu t o ai?nlmi$n 2.4 (ouou oiuiuimd, h4lrir2, nu'i 21-22.). n ~ ~ ~ o d i f i ~ ~ ~ u o ~ o i ? a r l a i m a n ~ d u
nnliuduuor?lnind 18tif-i nl3laa(;(P011ti~s) 4iuntjuiidnd~uuI+~uuin 8 o Ernest
Barker, trans. The Politics of Aristotle. New York'and London: Oxford University Press, 1958. d w noinnnuimoi iSu Giuunntyqnmaiifi & ~ X ~ o ~ n d i i ~ r : ~ u a u " ~ ~ t3vjiwnRioinuinir
igninmiluda.~i?rn 2400 3doui oialiunllii n3iu8ujuhodqnnn$9noqrduii'u'u ~ a i c i r d
La~cltSm-GudniY~qj~ t o oioir&flui im~dii~o~'~~u"~rn:~~~u"i~u~i inaiudiu"nIu~~dn~a
uoseioi.ru"iiazmoumu Zo nmal
mr~uiunhvo~e~ia~m~daif lu~in~iuIua~ni.r~'~~inm rauAlul iu 4 ' g ~ i r n i
W ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ J ~ ~ U U ~ ~ P J P I ' ~ (comparative politics)
( 1 . James A. Bill and Robert E. Hardgrave, Jr. Comparative Politics. Columbus, Ohio:
Bell and Howell, 1973. 2. Laurence C. Mayer. Comparative Political Inquiry. Homewood, Ill.,
Dorsey Press, 1972.)
u. 191~nnd t uo.re~alnl&~ ilniarmi Ro nu'aunaiun'~ wio uluvinu'aiq
~na iu idunade~~ riu ~~m3iiiauiaum9nialda~n oi?arlmi&i iko i i unardatilw (good
clthen) rinz uflpd4" (good man) lflldbd196?1~ah
n. wn~iudi~uo~oi~n1mi$n1ud~z6fipd~ 3 I!OJ~I~~R~OJIA(~~~W~IU h Y o al nr~~a~~uoinrko~oi?n1m1Aa1w'un1~ep1~u~na~pda~1~~ no (dnnr otIfliSu& 1 ) iin3iuf
2) $q€Ul ' l~~ li6 3) fidlpdl~
~ w n ~ m $ . ~ ~ . r 1 d i i f d n n r o q 4 q 1 f l u 3 1 ~ 1 d 3 1 ~ ~ (philosopher-king) ?ID iflu&4n3~
na~ujirn:nr~d~ula rds13alnl~aiandi~oinoioiru" Ro Idnaiurhfitgfiu ur:uuv flo a l npmcud i r n ~ r - i d ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ r i ~ u ~ ~ l l ~ i u ~ u m o u n r ~ ~ ~ a u n i r i i 7 u i i ~ ~ a u i n u . ~ ~ ~
(cf. Grover Starling. Understanding American Politics, Homewood, Ill.: Dorscy,
11.1 ig rnnmi~modlunu?m u&mucnami99 (social sciences) ! ~ ~ I Q ~ ~ Q I ~ O I I R I U u
mlu$f#~aln (Unesco-United Nations Educational, Scientific and Cultural organization)^^^'
I n l u $ n i r ~ i I i u n d ~ u n i i Yathrn (ISCED) : ~ i u u u i m r g i u wiuia~ii (International
Standard Classification of Education)
11.2 ' 3 n u i n i ~ v s ~ l a n o i o u n i 9 ~ d u n i u 9 ~ ~ q miuiluaro~s.rn'niaa'ici~au
iatusrruinuimaqil1atniafln~111d9a~dazviviS (~nesc- l~aln) 16 3 n u a q 80
d d 9
1) 3nu i~ iami~ara~viS (Natural Sciences) 76llfi '?lllqt?nd l n U "IlaaVlUI
RIIIRIIPI~ 65~?WUl (geology) d j f i ? ~ ~ l (soil science) Wl)tl?4fflfl~i 111
2) bjflunimmi (social Sciences) I ~ U ~ H J Y ~ ~ I R P I I i l ~ n u j n u i igmnmi 4 4
om3nui uiyuu~nu11lnz~u'fflamiil9nu (social geography)
3) uyuumnni (Humanities) Ibiilfi '?ald?ll~l d ~ z ~ ~ ~ i n f l i mau
aisrm~fiiuiwiam; llazasswnft l a 1 4 ?n~~rnami~iiodlunuamdaa9 iio nu~mfinuniami
l ~ 4 ~ q 8 n r . r u ~ m l (behavioral approach)
(Heinz Eulau, ed. Behavioralism In Political Science. Lieber-Atherton, 1969.) J
12.3 flalmui110o~~iin1aw%i%r~1a'ii 8 & :c~u.rdir/uaamn6~~1~~191u!~~~u
I ) ~ P V I ~ O W ~ ~ ? ~ ' ! J (regularities) 2) ~ D I # V I ~ ~ Q ~ ~ Q U ' ! K (verification) 3) IRUIB~W(~Q~MUIZ~~S.J $4) IB#oI~AJ~?uIw (quantification) 5 ) dfim~ni5ii~~31(1~lfh (vslue h e ) 6) ~ I ~ H I % I I ~ ~ U
~ r u u & . n L u (systematization) 7) liiUum~ii;uuiiuuinuini5u~hmi (pure science) 8) W ~ A
ojfini~yrwarfiuiui?wuimr (integration)
(David Easton. "The Current Meaning of Behavioralism," in James C. Charlesworth ed.
Corntemporary Political Analysis. New York: Free Press, 1:967, pp. 16-17.)
I ) y'wilnoll(8a'ld So irirariain$oy n , do!Xln:~lnol$n#i4 7
XU-IV $0 independent variable) IU ~Ui$Oflk¶ &$dl$)Vl)(r.. (sj?ldll l~-~v A
dependent variable) IUB~I?UI~~WUI~~~YIP 8 l ~ i h 4 ¶ % $ ~ d ? ~
2) BdvYmraaaev'Id (verifiable) R ' ~ ~ t i i ~ d n ( i 1 ~ 8 ~ 1 u ~ o $ i ~ # u i d u i n ~ ~ ~ ~ o i f l ~
cruuZliu (hypothes~~) d w o ~ ~ ? ~ n o u ~ # ~ i ~ i l u ~ ~ n i u B ~ n i ? o i ~ ~ i mn'lddunluuddouiflu '. gwn,#w ii8clbbnio<~rndrduu~111rnou L+U cdaiiduan ~guinoir~rzn1nI~iwi~nini5
npn~uuu ciilXii@dn~nriiuuuin~u816 d a 4
3) ~m~~#c~lfl i i f l~wa~~zau$ ~ w n u " n d ~ ~ o ~ " n ~ ~ u i " r n n i ~ d ~ : ~ # ~ ~ i I) bqnnseos'l#
imr 2) rnrlaaiudpnbq
-.
n u i u i u n ~ a ~ a a i n i i i ~ ~ ~ n a i u q #iu iEi innA~Jiu io l (quantitative) n'o #~~ndn'milu
f i l a r (measurable,quantifiable) I# (~iwaw~?~~~~onR~unLdunniuiwa-l~dao~n gender
o l y gdfiiiui qnq) i~nirdiouldnul~dop n. d~zf lna~u~$uuinio u. qcumwQrSu Ao t
d<~t$ui'a~aul#uin 9 I
4) d~lfl6nl3ii~i~~(101((1qwd1 <nluulrodwq~nrl~ ~ ~ o ? d i f l w i i ~ u u ~ ~ # ~ g i w (non- I d dcr
normative) ulnnal~dwl5un~l wna3H?o?dnaav (ought) f l o j l "~q?nrrlJ" n ' ~ n11lltffl9QQn
IIIU~QUQ?P (factual, as it happens) ~ d u n. 61~1u@dl#i?w318oni? u. r:uzlamnlrfiird
diimu'tuo~uiuniguum"S~i~ q n. ~ ~ ~ ~ w q ~ n ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ i ~ ~ u l r i ~ ~ ~ ~ d u a n ' p l n i ~ m " ~ ~ ~ ~ i ( d a m
making) jio:lr$ ozlrldi3 nionar Wn?r~fludo~flitiwi diirq~niouluulu
5 ) m ~ ~ i i f l w ~ z ~ ~ & i z i h (systematization) ko lWu~z~uwqi inr ru~ lnmi
~touuawqA^nrr~u'uu1w"unira~~nl~z~i~~zna'i~mq~1~n'ninaiuifl~0S~lu13~wq6tl'iru
6) iiiuunirl~uwfiiuuimuiiia~~~ni imqdrzn~d ko , +fim~i~+ia
naiuhan~iimd.mai~ (knowledge for knowledge's sake) 88 % I d ~ ~ n i ~ f i i l n l d ~ ~ n t i o
d"luilqlninirlrlod larv~iio nio#~ns t
7) nqaadiini3q3olini3 (integration) Kuuiwiinnni3 luuuawqftnrru
mnmioi~d q ~~ualu~i~ihun'uuin~wn~unionuam3~im'i .~ q ldldduc~~dmulunrr?~ d l :
1
l u a r i u n'o nuanihnumnmrlwiuu ~ldtjl#~n'tnua~uyuuflimmi iinznuafliwu~mnni
8au
12.4 n {n 4 3 cuaiww nfonik in%qi&w (objectivity) Inaiudi6ql
bc ?kid nirilnlnd'iingni~&di~ 7 ~ n e w n r n u ~ ~ ~ i ~ u d n i o n a i u ~ ~ n d o i o o ~ f l i 9 ~ w ~ u o ~
nis8nviijwudanoinnniwd1fluoi!~ ,
1) PYa~dic~l$8~6d~1?u n'o b64&3@'od3u'u9 (6bjective tats) $dnrnunaiuii nir
Qn8wnionirlflnz~~u~u~nu"o~iimndi~n'u~~&8wojn"u~iau nionaiuf8nPY1~mraoao~
rdtuodriu ~aniw%~qw do n ihaouls~ I ~ W a w '
2) nirnou~luuiju~naiu (eglay) L I U Y ~ ~ ~ ~ Q H U ~ U I ~ J ~ ~ ~ ' ~ I ~ ~ ~ C ~ I ~ ilmnuwnnvaz
~rndtnaiur~uhm~h (subjkctivlty) 0d 60 i i ~ a ~ ~ d ~ 1 1 ~ d ~ ~ ~ u n i a 1 # ~ 1 ~ 1 i w w ~ ~ i f l w ~ m n ~ ~ u
n'o ~ i~a~dQmzn?oQni 4dn~1un'dmulod (self) fio ~h~iutfii;odiiunid"a~~n"u'hnuqnna
ifl~iflol4
3) ~ d o ~ # ? ~ r n r n u u d ~ ~ u n q w ~ ~ ~ a " ~ ~ ~ " a # u ~ u ? v ~ i ~ ~ ~ % ~ ~ nv1un21ui1 $3n141
a: loaai~loi l lunan ii~~~or'lJi~uhooi~6'lJvouIud~1n~n1rnadd~~m~u idu ' l i v o u n i 3 4m YgJ3:rnl (coup d9 etat , Q 1430 QLRVII) n j a n i 3 J q a m n 5 ~ ~ u a w n i ~ u a n n u (mass
li movement) 113 7 i d f l n l n l u l d y u (perspetttive) JB (dimension) F!IJ 7 ~ ~ 0 I f i l i i ~ l f i ? 1 ~ f n 2 1 ~
i4i1lo
13.1 m31$adlflud0ar:~ugllfi1a~g:3f 6u0dnaa'~ (polis)
a i i a l a i i n o'oi1n1ridoai3uifosr~fi~ * k n u m n d a ~ ~ (political society, POI~Q)
n"o rz6ud~ua~s~rac:: (public) fl0 r:&uquvulnDj 3z/iU~n3Yg (polis) ~
a i i a ~ n l d n n d 1 2 i ~ "Man is by nsturea political anlmalw n u ~ u n a i u i i 3?nuyu$ =.d 9
d a u l d n u y 3 d m n o ~ i n w i : l u i i a ~ 2 s r i ~ u q iio 1unicy1awuo.r ( rg i iunrouni2) n7olu I
r:riutdou81u (wiri lu) n~auGnrriawniu q n r j h Q s ~ i i i n u u ~ n ~ n
(Aristotle. Politics. Trans. By Ernest Barker. Oxford University Press, 1946 tin: Julius
Gould and William L. Kolb, eds. A Dictionary of the Social Sceinces. Free Press of Glencoe,
1965, p.516.)
n. oIinlmi<nl#8wd Zoon poiitikon ~ u ~ ~ u i r u d ~ u d i ~ a ~ n ~ b ~ n ~ n t ~ u (political
u i a ln polis) iin"o n 1 ~ o z i f l u u ~ u 4 ~ a u ~ r d 1 6 ~ ~ o i d o o ~ l u ~ u n u a ~ d i u 1 ~ wla~nrYg
(Mankind is an animal whose highest form of social organization is the city-state.)
(lain Mclean and Alistair Mcmillan, eds. The Concise Oxford Dictionary of Politics.
Oxford University Press,2003, p.4 13)
u. nia8whR'u bbp~~i t ikonw (doni i inou) o ~ a u d n i i bbrocialv k **t'7anuvv, mrii
I a LIP ds a n1~ua2aodluunrYpdo~wu1un"s mrdaamn bbnainnaium (diveye) U A R W ~ ~ U "
(hieraschical) im: ~ d u 8 n v (sophisticated) 1~6uij~~(ilnrj'Mlaa'a~Baau 80 ~ P V D ~ ~ I ~ D J I ~
~tazaAgrrru ( u i u f i r w rdu doigua, n ~ ~ u n u i u l v , t5ur.') dd v l p l d 4 ~wnn lwu~ Inmuo~n~ ia lanP i i t r~~ i i a * b j n ~ ~ ( ~ o c l e t ~ ) n'un21uliluSdnu
Politihos (ygqp,l) lrnz 3) Polites (d3z11'1~)
4 0 d n i u ~ ~ ~ n ~ u u m n ~ u i ~ ~ ~ o i n n i ~ i n " s n ?hi6 I) ~ o i i t i e s (rnniioc) unt. 2) Politician
(Cnnirii~=a)
13.2 ~aiuiilwniamhldun (master science) n?arini l l ) /~wimi ~IUBIUIUDP
oifnlmiifn #aumqdiiy 2 drznir
1) drznird 1 ilmnniiddotuot ~~ptuniwl5m- 74% ~~amw~?mlmdcpatsrau~* 4 LI ludilcqliuoSlmrasnrom"adri~~ n'o ronrzfla rwnlm imzoiitilmrin mniia.r n2iu
4 w D n l o ~ naiulqirr nnui8uirnarru nraauui (virtue) iin~iu+u%u~odi~ln#3fiounrz#~ii a
naiurSu~onniw niazrid~niri8u<~wu.r<0d~~e!an"0d
2) drzni r i 2 naiulilu?dWiifi6lfi i i u lui$oc u a r t o I ) J iu (nrouniq) LC 4
2) t (maul) rm:: 3) Tr~liuu (mrinui) imzrraqou q rdu nirmrvlAo (oirw%m niruflnn k nimrraiuuaqarrwufnir~ rrn:ihcihiia.#ou idu niroynJimlXllraorn8~d~zrn~l~rw"o
ldlw'rio~miaurduuan~az (pollution) do4trianXauniooniw~iaaod" (ecology) Xau l # i u v v A
~n8^wnoinnia aie.rn'si?u rsrrmdisn'weenldlurz;uiii9 1) ~ la iu~nn f i e~ (degree) Ha:: 2)
ri#aiiOida.r~a~i 6qdfliaflri~ir6 Sheldon WoIin o6Puiul%i ia~ianiid~mrid"auu~idn~~~o ## rjUwaunnui8u bbrnclu"o.r~ doudrin~uuuin
1 3 3 aaiul~wmim4anihdau$1ada"nwd luliuzr8uQiioidui (founder,
founding father) ~ o t i a i i ~ m n n f aiia'inl Ab n l i i ~ n ' ~ i ~ m t i n i i i i h bbnianianidmd
syl3d&udv (Architectonic Science) fl?IUMulU
I ) nirriiiu'uniri6u~tiufi~nut[ulculw~~3or::~uniri~otdoun#iuriunira~~
udau nioiquurluu (design) doafid1ulie.r tnu t416~~ I) Jsz'iurw%#aenr kin: 2) naiu
nauniurnuizau
2) lun1sim"suunissr6uuwnia (irun%nr) 5 z i h ~ "$iu~$e.r" dou#oqoiflu pr d w amd~n(architect) ~F;iums~ndumodi.rl1wriz~o'o~iunu1noui8u~1u1~~ni1n1ra~1~
~iunaiuiunniunuduiii a d d
/
3) uouiiuudqnis whru'iuud.rdo.r~ l d d ~ ~ f i o $ ~ w i z . i ~ i w rrd6'o.rniu.ro.r
ilabwniu q odiq idu 1) nmwriafiX?iqu iins 2) loninluniriwuil#iofq~iaww'i~uld
i$au q #au n'o t4id~n'~aniaz<uauyrd Idr~unaiun~nrini~.3clr]riddiu"tiitnaiui8u
igninmilur(iuzitlua~id~6%rp1~ada"n~d n'o W"aist~ilut?~o~A'rau (holistic)
pr A 1 w a w a
4) luoirusrruGwiuuiso~ dimmm~n~m~au ~lnzmslnndiuuotnrz~~ard~~.ri B Prunriuiminmiim'q~aqfu r.m~ui3un~~~iomui~~uumi3u (mandarin) ljunii Feng Shui
5 ) n i n W " ~ ~ s ~ i u ~ s f i i ~ n r w a a ~ (capital cities) dsrulol 220 dszl~lffia~nn~nun
do.rldu'uniunrJiia (Paris) uo.rcl~.rmmlnzumunrlau (ROW RfiCu6uunmaa~qaaaw
lbni twnzijnoiilmunrru8.rfLiqn#u q yasn~dm k o wniufouunzuirtguw'u30~1~~da~ nau.riu ilnzusmnm.r?wu~~~& q 'on<dtmlayinli (conserve) duniuFiaumriilX
~ 4 4 ~ 3 5 (reenforced) & ~ ~ l Y l ~ ~ ~ l l ~ ~ ? R a f l 5 5 ~ ~ 1 1 ~ 1 ~ ~ ~ ~ q ~ l f i ~ i ~ f l f i l ~ d ~on0in8nis & # a w doisminai~nausiu nionnlnCudrzn'ufa liiu.rn.ruunuinir n'o nmrmikolahonir
inunrnuiiu q hun1rldi.r ol nauniais,molr (du Golden Gate park ~ i ~ . r u n i ~ n ~ ' ~ i u I (
riuQalnluignniidoilija nnigoluim) b5ouiuinaummirarzn"du1nlu 1) nl.rdi?n 2)
nl.raouRou 3) n ~ ~ b l i i u a llnzlndlnu n'o4) ~.rnldi$.rl6iiuaiuiiilflu b6pnuiuunr* Y Y
(Garden City) fj/'liin~nl#~'fll.l" u'ln$l nwui5.r f l l 5 1 8 ~
14. ui~nin~UYU~~rit Yg~inni szuim 220 dszm~dalnn
$.ridrzuiol 30,000 ad~lindumunaiuii~ 1inzi i i rn3t# l i . rnrn3uf(a~~e~~ to knowledge) ' c;eY
~luumziunn ru nueznriiaocii.rniia q lnuiioiiii 3 malru'~m'~ir(niami9ulanm~?u(sln n"o
1) ynnin 2) ynhsarr7ilrriu tin: ynnmauo.rylrd 3) ynn l lnd
14.1 dIuVntid~~~iam~ : qnnSdur~a ~ f f i n m ~ ~ ~ g i u z o ~ ~ n a i o ~ f (body o f B
knowledge) ~.r~nsausa~m~zdi~~~~od19l~uszPJu
1) Au~~ainHn.r~uuo.roi?nlnidn $ $ . r l ~ ~ ~ n i s u n d o . r j i j n ~ i l ~ q i ~ i n z n a i u
soufq~lnn~dodrzurnainuinirrfduniiui~ ai r iy nru (encyclopaedi~ou-!r-h-
dn-An) ~ ~ ~ i ~ ~ ~ & ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ n ~ g ~ i d ~ ~ ~ u " ~ ~ 1 ~ ~ ~ 1 d 5 1 ~ ~ t ~ ~ ~ ~ i ~ ~ ~ ~ 1 ~ ~ 1 1 ~ i ~ i l ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ F I
uo.r~~ulo.r (filuu (%Ian i r z L ) l#drzlunidobi4iu q ttIuGoi.rin(slii n'o l u~ i i i d rn lu
dl314 aiair6 i i itazauoqfi jnaiu$
dl 4 4 ds d (sttidm nroiuoq Stavra) ~~ iu i r~ i i au~amiuo iui&iiinod
(W.D.Ross. Arlstotle. New York: Meridian, 1960, pp. 1-2)
3) i d o ~ i ~ 18 1 1 f l d ~ l j n ~ i ~ u ~ t l 6 f i u i w n 1 w ~ u n 1 ~ ~ i o i ~ ~ d i i ~ : o ~ f i u d i ~ n u ~ ~
nnLi8ou 2 ncla.rru n'a i8ui?d~Kur)aw oq'ifluuni 198 ~~uaunn l~ i t I u l?n
nnu8u~uiuuoamnkn'uai?arIw~dn~5uii~u ~cio1ahLai r i in . r iiuAu8nGqqliin::
nv1ia899 6qi.rdu n. ~nvdu?riounfiii.!u Ao 5:nii~genr:lnn'uiaaT. th:: u. viaoinh n"a
r-,nii.roi?nlnlifn Iuyurdun l (4hoirnsutikamd i io~qv 114auwiinuiriuriuAiiiwq Y Y P nn'iaiiiio "OM rjinuiWu i~ar<diunni~) i m : k 6 ~ i ~ u r n u i n i i w ' ~ a i m i t n 5 u i i ~ I ~ ~ f 3 ~ n"a aa
ii!nolrl~r~lead d e &
4) i n ~ i n i 5 n m ~ ~ ~ 1 ~ 1 n n w ~ a " M w n 1 u ~ n ~ ~ ~ u 6 n a i r o ~ $ w m a s " ~ i a ~ b u % r " nanin rl ~ ~ u i a v c i : a ~ a ! e i ~ u % r " a r u ~ u i ~ b ~ n 1 a ! ~ 6 ~ i i a ~ ~ ~ ~ i n i ~ i 1 u u ~ d i 1 uin tdu I ) ynam (Euclid,
300 B.c.) 1in:iifin5:vk1 2) ~ n i d l i i n i u u i ~ ~ T ~ ( u & 8ad (Aesop) d ~ ~ u i m 600 YlTia~
n?niffinsicll(600 B,c.) # o d r ~ ~ m 26600 auiiita
14.2 qnfh!f8~ : i g c l l l ~ l ~ u q n $ n a a a a ~ f a ~ u ~ ! ~ ~ q ~ a d ~ u n $ ~ i ~ 4 aJ
1) m u n k y n u n r i 2 u ~ t o i n ~ 4 i ~ Q n o ' n ~ a r r ~ l s f l u ~ ~ w i u ~ i X a ~ q ~ n a i ~ Htouaup
n i~u (Middle ~ g e s J ~ i i u i a ~ i u i a ~ i~B~nu"~a%gl~aaw dfo 1000 Y (mlllenniun) i i o r n j l r
n.n.500-isoo)
(Concord Desk Encyclopedia, op.cit., p. 1049.)
S d l \
2) ynlalr~fi~u6nnia0~dunai~~au ( R O ~ E ) w ~ u ~ ~ ~ m u ~ ~ u i 6 ~ n i ~ i ~ u B n i ~ ~ u ~
~ u i ? ~ soo%hu nn. (500 B.c.) huB3n5wnlu0iwuf ialIn# q =i?u& nia giiu dimn~w 6 an:tihId luda.adsru~olzooo i l d c i l u ~ l & s l u l ~ ~ i m ~ ~ ~ i a ~ d q d ~ u l #a d i d i t m nn:
Sdnqull d nuIr~ui~du^~utdur~iduu3i iu (discipline) ~ n ? i ~ ~ b u ~ u i i ~ 4 l i ~ % n 5 ~ i ~ l l A
1 4 9 , n r : ~ r n u r ~ u a u i i m n i i ~ ~ i n n ~ i ~ i ~ ~ d
3) ' d i ? l r ~ u i ~ d i d 0 i n ~ i ~ ~ 8 r ~ ~ d 1 ~ ~ f f u ~ ~ i f ~ ~ d ~ i ~ d u d ~ ~ q i w ? ~ ~ ~ u n . ^ d ~ ~ ( i ~
Gn nu1~ik1nu1oi)rd14n'~f ~ ~ w ~ a i f l u d 1 ~ f u v w ~ u d ~ ~ ~ w
k t u k l h a i u n ~ l a n a i u h $ r ~ ~ l l ~ ~ ~ n l r : ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ i ~ a " m ibu ouu tniuqiju nn&
38 PS 103
LP 4 ozoit~u(~.!i (d&otnaiutu"oriu6n3ui4ofdi~ 7 odmnoniamdouri~lril# o tum~n f iq
nqwuiulXi9uaziduuGo~~$1'udlfl~~a~d
~uda~baaaa~~3ilU~on'ui1n~~diu~du1~nuw~s"ariw~nvs~"aria'~ai~mi gmr
aaur aungnuiu~~~oriid~~ua~ngwuiu (cadi$ v o ~ La v s c r Tnrwr~R"Tai7uvo atrmIupIod (Justlnlan, fl.fl.527-56s) 6u~dunngiuro~nqnuip111$1~
i~rr~uyndtyrs~imuqnd~z~n~
n.n. soo n'o dr:iR'mmiqlrJiGi~qnnn d d d naiudi$1'qn'nldar~~uw~nuan'~wi~ui idu
n. naiu~ur iubr~~i iaynna (
uoqfjnjo
u. naiu8uw'uBsz~-ii.~nu'auuwim
v 8 a 4' mu~wioainvo~inma?moi (theology) &$u ~ t u ~ u o u I I n d t y w i ~ ~ ~ ~ i ~ ~ i i ~ ~ i i i n u ~ n l ~ i t X l ~
11ionir11im~oon~lCi~m"tl3u7~~~fw1~n1nui iio Gnuar (clergy)
14.3 ~ g ~ i ~ m n a w ~ u d a ~ r ~ ~ z i a n i d o ~ i n ~ ~ 1 n ~ i ~ v 0 ~ q ~ r d flunil yn ' B rP ao~"u~wi (Modern) r q w s i d i l o i i i i linuiutqiaciamifu 7 iiciqn21utau uiauaGw
B &I X La (contemporary) atwuiufi~ 1 Jaaauiaornu (1 generation J 5 r l n o l 2 ~ - 3 0 3 80 oiqiumiun
~inn~ou~~fai~ui~aiznianura)
t,/n*a~D"ndw (Modern Ages) 1 U d ~ L ~ ~ f f l ~ ~ ~ i ~ U u ' ~ ~ 9 i L d n 1 3 ~ ~ ~ f l V ~ Q ~ ~ n $ I 1 9 1 ~
wma33vd 3s *6na%l~ Jv9 nrounqu uynilopuicu (present) II?~ *ydarrariaw #au A s > B B
1) 1nuJnA' nial#*qnlwJ- 1198 fiuGulwJ~ HUIUOIP a j n ~ n m ~ u u ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ n O i i . ~ o i n B a v knutiuu~cii luynn~i~~~~~ndy~nd 1 1nuijmrm8ou III ?u~ouun:iflu~n.aqua~nua"n3ui
(feudal society) ~ ~ ~ i a m i ~ n ~ w l n d i f u o ~ n ~ o ~ ~ u u ~ ~ o ~ u ' n ~ n i ~ n ~ ~ n n ~ r i u * ~ ~ r i a i i m i ~ ~ u u l u d d 4
Hf l333~i / 16 48 GnlfIb rnI8uL?a6(~achiavel'll, 1469-3527) I I ~ ~ d o v ~ ~ a u i i ~ w n n w ' ~ ~ ~ ~ ~
-
The Prince ("l#ln M?8 *&3€FMU") ~U~'fI!qlt5nlUq 16.1513 500 8N161#3 !?h(inlll
Inu?wm.rYmiami
2) lunljun!dur~l~ n~rtP1~~~~3~11ru(IJdSaun"w lunlj~~.!uiio ynmnklcnro~ s
inlmlifn n i ~ P a ~ K u ~ ~ u s r ~ u ~ d ~ i ~ a ~ ~ a ~ ~ n ~ X a u u o ~ ~ n ~ u q n ~ ~ d & ~ f t u a n ' u l u y nlrun~r d( m nr:Jiivron~nrrunirmrldo~ ibu nir~diiu~i~~nu'amrnirdo~lotiniauqrriim.r
riuarru n'o naiu~naiu$a~i~w~nu~~u '11r5u
~ ~ ~ ~ u ~ f i ~ ~ ( u " w s l l u u i ~ a u q ~ n a i . r ~ ~ ~ ~ t ~ d nirt8a~il~q!ir~ul:s.~~3u~1r'utt~" ' 2 d19 rn
v u n ~ ~ u i u w ffu1biuiijunuindi6qfimiu ~~rul(uri~mnlri~on~wrruin1uynJu 1wynnai.r
nisnrevIiln ~ u i j C n u s u ~ ~ b u n i ~ r u " o ~ d n i r a ' ~ ~ 3 o i ] ~ : ~ ~ ~ d i l ~ ~ 1 0 ~ i ! u a ~ 5 u i;5nasrulauiin
di inouvi~wiawin~~d~~uw~n d A
3) ~ d ~ f i ~ ~ n a ~ i ~ l ~ d l ~ u ~ ~ w i : l u ~ ~ u a n " ~ u o ~ u i ~ ~ u ~ a a d dr :~~u t ro~~a i~~na iUC j
nlailnarruvionis&nui16uiwniul~ nriianlo dmntan~iurrrueons~nntatu"o~~~nto~~
i9rrnil~~ddilXhn'~nirtiis.r~ iinaiunaiudu~1dluM"ani~~~ iluaiimuotuitiiunad i io
i l l u sb~tnisdoc** douiimrl~a$du urnkine Ilualiwh~uuiudou7Qunni~Idud~ua~lu
niu~dhmndo l h 8 i - 1 urtiqwaws~~H d96tat ean6aur w r o t i "miW l u n i u ~ - dhmn) ~nq~tnuo~i~~ioludiodawYatl i io ~118a~idwTau~uw uoa@ijbiuis douIJW~fiiG~Bt
eY boq~iuarnmiorr~uut~rru naiunuiu~.iuuo~ofifl~$~naiudn$1~1nnoon?d8n~una~~~fl~ aJ a m
$1 wtYnYg'lmamiw riu wanwmaianiw ~~mnd~~riuoan'!d l~uriniion'uii~~mnmiinaiu
8Rntjulfiuinnlnnii
i ~ ~ a i i ~ d n h u n & r i u u o ~ u 1 ~ ~ ~ ~ a n d n ' ~ T n ~ 0 ~ i 1 1 d ~ s ' u ~ ~ ~ l ~ 1 ~ ~ n r uitiiunodnould
{dnnro~iinaiuniu15naa.~fiiu q w d q l io 1) wnr6iii-a llnr 2) w41r16u1q1iuu iii.rlmw
(Ilan) rm:iinaium?luaani~tip~u uqw"vf 90t~i)h (fix)
(Niccolo Machiavelli. The Prince, ch. 18. Qd io iu~um~alu ' !~u William Safire.
Safire's Politicat Dictionary. New York: Random House, 1978, p.379.) \
nirtJiuutii~luKuLi MUIUBP ni~lX~dnnr0~8anl1iuutfiualiuniasg?oddi Rams B ' d IwstiuIXlmfi n i r 1 b 1 r ~ 8 a n m u X o ~ n ~ ~ l ~ ~ ~ d ~ i 1 u " ~ ~ ~ # o w ^ ~ ~ r n r 1 ~ ~ ~ ~ 3 ~ ~ r ~ ~ ] ~n~q1d4io-a
e r A ~iuao~lro~naiu~n6a~vi~~na~'ru1unir$atfnwi~.5'$~~iuio'1da'iar1fl;~&au~d~na1fi 7 A ' c r ' IRU q ~ $ ~ u i u h u # q ~ #o ~ ~ I ~ W O I ( I R U ~ ~ ~ ( Y U ~ ~ ~ I ~ ~ ~ " B ~
d y 8 8 14.4 l u d r z m ~ 5 u i i i ~ I ~ a t ~ ~ xfiirviz, Bharat) ijlioigninmrgnua.ao iniinui
(Kautilya) ~ ~ i n ? u n i r d r s w ~ ~ d d ~ ~ i 6 ~ 1 u d ~ ~ a 1 u ? tn i r i u 'o t l f l un~ds io srmmani
(Arthashastra) .. . Y ," . ; ' < h a
w
i s ~ u ~ u i i n r ~ i u o ~ ~ u $ i e ~ ~ r r ~ B ~ t d u ~ ' n r w ~ r ~ ~ ~ ~ i i r n v ~ . ~ " ~ u @kunh9iiiim~ Y Y
~ r io~~u i inz~r~ i iuh iun1~u3~ i~d l#n~1~1~~ i i r~~m~1d~ i~~~~o1a"nu1u1~ru lm q Qiiu -
w " 9 u ~ l o l l ~ f l l ~ i ~ 0 ~ i iaz 2) n l ' i i ~ 0 ~ i f i ~ Y i ~ t J ~ I?~W Gabriel A. Almond and G.B. Powell, Jr.
Comparative Politics. Bombay: Vakils, Feffer and Simon, 1966.
i s . niinqddifin"o idodra~ol so Bu1iiX-a muwknir~uqmuo.runi ,Y
nqnr iu~nnniqd 2 6wPoiaciiinu (colpnialiom) ~#wuoumn~uiYa (decolonizstion) kin: Z d drzmnln6 7 in"nuuainnirdl#fu~nrni~ l ~ u i i u n h i o ~ o o n a i n n i ~ i u ~ & n i r n s o u
nro~lu~iuui9uiQe~du (subject) U O P ~ I ~ ~ U Kaedid 1#iifi 1) ~ i i n i ~ u l # i ~ ~ n s m w o i n
mziumn iidifdrznuiltgmi$mi rinigmnmid?~n&uwin~nsiu~nnwf~d 2 $uqmlnu' 7
(2488) 80 dszuim 203b?rnt% ~ 7 ~ ~ ~ n ? i u d i ~ ~ n " ~ ) n i r ~ n p 1 1 i ~ o ~ n i ~ w " 0 ~ u 1 w i d n i r i ~ e $416
~iiimuouiumiii8uni5w'~u1~naiui8udr:ai~d'lmuin'ih i~umr8npI imrw'wuim~
mr ~edlmrr$a!d
15.4 nirilnpIiiduji<u w o ~ : n s : ~ / i ~ ~ w ~ i t ~ o % j a i ~ u ~ i ~ u p ~ ~ r z i w ~ d i d ~ i ~ ~ 4 lnri nfoidq uPJYIUUUI" ("new nsflons", Uemerging nations") l%.Jdl~?~Ulf l
(Gabriel A. Almond and James S. Coleman, ed. The Politics of the Developing Areas.
Princeton University Press, 1966.)
15.5 ~ n ~ s i l n ~ i Q u n ~ n ~ ~ ~ ! ~ ~ ~ e ~ m u ~ ~ ~ ~ z i w f i d ~ n i r ~ ~ l l ~ i w i ~ n i r i ~ ~ ~ ~ ~
idu nnijornini idoimn~tildiiuuiiw'9nisw'wuii7idu~tii9~~ n i r~n ln$~n l jnW~un i r 0 ~mri:niruuifluuiBuu ho t i i i l#iiri Goduuuo.rQB~nu3wuiniaiQ~)q do iri%ji uilAu
d a d 5nlidn itw'suniiwuiXuriniidoiiiiu unsluosnnu lunu'si?o$o wi~ndmiii ian 6swuiubq
a~~aniirnldoiunoiduid5z~va 11.~3 n.n. 1776 (n.n.2319) riounltlulnihtnidr::uitu
6 3 (W .8.2325)
(Seymour M. Lipset. The First New Nation. New York: Basic Books, 1963.)
15.6 Jeff Haynes. Politics in the Developing World: A Concise Introduction.
rn3lu'o4~u~anfila'9w'o)(ul : u n ~ l ~ ~ u l i a . Blackwell, 2002. ijljabQdl9 q ~ j d 1) Politics, Economics, and Societies in the Developing World at the New
I
~ i l l e jniom I
2) Globalization and International Relations
3) Economic Growth and Development ~ ~ ? I U I Q ? ~ J L % J ~ I U O P ~ F ~ ~ pI~n"Qn'flfllf w ' f f l ~ l
4) Democratization and Democracy nl3l#i$fi71~1fhd d311 i & h l l t i z
dszvi"smu d
5) Religious and Ethnic Confllct ~ 1 3 ~ ~ 1 ~ 4 ~ 1 4 8 1 1 g 1 ~ 1 6 1 ~ ~ 6 % ~ ' 1 1 1 ~
\ 6) Human Rights & ' ~ ~ x I ~ Y u ' ~ I u
7) Women and Gender flPl%li3ztlfll~l~fl ~ $ ~ # D ~ O U gdc
8) Politics of the Natural Envtronment n156U*~4rl~9flnla~l1aw~8u & =la4
9) Conclusion uwnll~ rduna(ioci.rd
Domestic Factors: ~o~Onlu%~n(%~4vfl : nl5~ffawiauwl4nl5r809, nj5zrla9nu llnznls
~uuiwi~rnspIpn"o
a) International Factors %'~~J~~~~JI.JII .JI ' I I I~ . \
b) Conclusion: The Future ' ~ # ~ U ' H U Y M
(scientific reasoning) ~d i . ld~~n '~1~nua( l?~ i~nu la iam4~a3~v i~
aaiid3u9a iunau (Francis Bacon, 1561-1626) d51'11$6dn~~lld.ano\3f 5 w i 16 d
uo:: 17 ~ I Z U I N 400 du111Xa ~umuindin'rylunir k5::uui~d'auilnirnir m 3?If.Iifliad (scientitic method) ~ n ~ d 1 ~ 1 ~ ! ' ~ ~ 1 n n ~ n ~ 6 d j i ufia13Jf~~~azfiibjn
(knowledge is power)
Novum Organum 1~~11q<1w~n?nu1ninfl5"ij 4 nv?&&~h lbilid 1) i l rk in~12) mr
ifai=~uul~iu 3) n1rnfiaouun:iin~ir43'&~$i'~iu 4)'n1rdiud~.r11Kluga11~1~1 i l i o * l h
nqva n'o dam& n3oTajla (mbdel) d & ~ h j od l un~u t~ i u
~~cnan~1~uiawir luoJwi"awu~~~ 6i~pc.s av i j ~ t u i n i Qqnriud@uu (5rIan i
5znu 7diiuuiqm~11 r-riull iqq1~liou~q~3qqi1on ddulnqjluyn 60 iunnigeiuiniii sr d noil?uniriinwin'ou 3000 i6d.r d~niuilaprju~mhu 4000 66d9) Gniuutra~nir%naisd
(analysis) iinlruunuu: lianiiaq i~lionuu?iliu inq u~nniinialiuu~~rnuua~uioJ~~G Y Y
naiuduui (histor~cai) niq31nai~d nu~u8.a nir1wnalt~18f~1oz9r1d~~11r flau'lhalu
n u l a i a w i z i t o . r d r i ~ ~ q i ~ n ~ r i i n r i z d n'o f in1inu1alf i~na1ut9uu11uaim n io
dr:5iia1nduinw'n
h O d 1 9 5:gIJ Classic n'8h66uu Robert A. Dahl. Modern Poiitical Anslyals.
New Jersey: Englewood Cliffs, Prentice-Hall, 1963. h d~iu flfi~ (up-to-date) 2 A'
16.4 ma~~fi~izd~i.wYpaig~m~a'a~~oJ"uu'n~wYuazfiupninuuu n'o oin Robert E.
Goodin ahd Hans-Dietes Klinyem ann, eds. A New Handbbdle bf Politicai Sclence, Oxford
University Press, 2000. ~ l f l f l j l l ~~~6~¶J ) . l f l lR
mrims~zdluasKupnnm (micro) 8o ~n~iwq."nrrn.~~&u~inn?oat&p~~nfln 6bu
iinlno"qy ~1~s)g . r lovo~pdnnni i~11ut~nwl wio1inulai~arm~maiu"oq nulaniolri
nuIaflisrbi~flunuiJnw'irnn~a~u"~~ niomqiidauiau (po~itical participation) ilvudu 7
6du nmGa1n ~ul~~uniaama9~;wi1au9I~nnk9 (campaign)
ni5ilnrisdlurrKuunmn wu~un'c sznluotn'ms rrlnnrr nrrnmrlu'oc 9'3
d r z ~ i ~ i 5 iflu#u st'
16.5 ~ u n l ~ ~ ~ a ~ ~ ~ l ~ l ~ ~ j i n l ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ w " ~ i c r b 6IJ ~ a c m (~JU
Microeconomics 6~5Y~ffltYfl~lnmn The branch of economics that studies
individual units 8fl~lWd3~5:6~1~01~fl : e.g. households, firms and industries. It studies 8 n ~ 1
the interrelationships R ? ~ u x u G u ~ ~ ~ ~ u ? $ D ~ between these units JLH~IPM~?U~IP 7 in
determining l u n i 5 n " i w u n the pattern of production 2diL~~LiM'~fl l3~%I and distribution of
goods and services. i i ~ : ~ l 3 ~ % ~ ~ 1 ~ ~ 0 9 ~ ~ & C l 6 ~ ~ Z ~ ~ ? ~ l 3 ~ 1 9 7
Macroeconomica h73MgWX'ffl$¶JwtTln The branch of economies that studies 8 n ~ 1
economic aggregates (grand totals) t l 5~01W191f l~Mg~Q : e.g, the overall level of prices %<PJ
VBWlt7; output and employment ~ ~ ~ l l n ~ f l 1 5 ~ 1 4 9 1 ~ in the economy. %P~J:UUL~~JM~?~Q /P J-
(John Sloman. &c'onomlcs. New York: Harvester Wheatsheaf Prentice Hall, 199 1, p.4) ,
SPA u 1.1. n i ~ a ~ ! c ~ ~ e ~ r n ~ d ~ ~ m 0 1 ~ a n i ~ & i 1 ~ ~ n i ~ : uluviu~iarni
m~iiuu~igmn~iyniaunlu'~iu"umrinn~n'wiowlinid"lu~u~ idilnulolu d Y* a & rnrdrzqn.' (apply) ~gnin~rlwuq(u~iui~nl~~~m1mu~wwizluniaai~~dTu~~iu
A &I?U 9.r!bi?imrnuilnaifu n"o PdTuuiu~iami (policy Sciences) (1198nMl
1
n~zuaumrbSul~im:ni~nlaz~Q~d~~aiu~m'i~ q d v LC uluuiurnn~i~uinuinir~tli~ari9~imiuui~o~nirai~~~azd~~~miu'~dbu~1iuisii6~
o~~~umrl~aiuf~'~aiuui?1i3'11i lm~iww1~~in3m'i~ui Xmuinui mrvjmnni u i m s q r n " o
ua:ao'A" 1w'se~r~~nim~wTuuier~~a:tmmuiidnirrliu7uuiu~nird~u'n' (po l icy
implementation) ~ 1 ~ ~ 1 ~ ~ 0 ~ i ~ f . J ~ ~ ~
(q lWd~ lA "¶J~~ 1) David Sills, ed. Internat ional Encyclopedia o f the Social Sciences,
vol.11, New York: Macrnillan, 1972. qf i~d pol icy sciences. 2) Y. Dr or. Design for Policy
Sciences. New York : American Elsevier, 1971 L L i X 3) T,D. Dye. Understanding Publ ic Policy.
18.1 luda~f!dera~u$~ Gunii G g J ~ ~ . n i n u ~ i n m i - (Pulbic Administration)
uiwkij$l'l4hn' ~m~u3mrigiian anulumrii~umrnou$nfildz?~aiarw$ uwi'inuidu
nut i i ia i Qi%u (iirlan lisznu) Qi i . tn i inqmri?.ai id w.n.2514 idomnia~i~mnniodlu
nolzii~niarfli uni~nui6usiudirin~~~#a"aii ~cnidnnriilnlauQ** (Plan C) 5 th ed. Prentice
Hall, 1984. a d 1
18.2 l uda~ ian id r t~ im 100 ~n~1uulfinal0~~lawod"1~1un1%~~1n1~b)1n6~n'119d
T m u i a w i z l i u q 3 n ' o d i ~ 7 inn %!&ii~?ailnumsc l'lunii bcniru?~irpr'la99 (Business
Administration)
V A d dolniia~dmiu~nisunii ~ i tnn l~krnr . management science) 8qiiXaumr1i~~niwm
inaiwiamilurnr~min8ul~i~o~sia I ) Fiiuprn'r 2) 4iiupmainn.rsu 3) Xiuiguia im:: 4) Xiu
f l l S W H 1 S
(Robert E. Markland. Topics in Management Science, 2" ed., Wiley and Sons, 1983,
I 8.4 "aini~~mnia "1?3nisirasmnw"nui~in 1) "auiwlaminiuniw ria: 2)
(1. David R. Anderson, et al. An Introduction to Management Science. St. Paul:
West Publishing Co., 1982. 2. Robert A. Dunn and K.D. Ramsing. Management Science. New
York: Macmillan, 198 1 .)
19.1 nia~4au~uuu"auiwiamiasaplvi~ : uwiuoliiou wiamillB~~ naiunul~ -4'
m~Yq~nsrumnminiol~uawq~naau (behavioral approach) ~ u m ~ f g f l l ~ m ~ ! ~ l n u u ~ ~ l ~
i i i u ~ ~ ~ n n a n ~ j n i r A ~ n v o ~ u ~ ~ n ~ p ~ s i u ~ a n p ~ r ' ~ d 2 (2488) *
19.1.1 j;nisfu~ai?Pauulluu~wap~~wiaoli $.rijni.r~+~amunio~o~ai~~fiplia
ifludiu?uuinun:wuiu~uo:"Ips"! q m a w iiuui~uaiiumq'inui~inmi~3suvi~ $ t l X i o i i
18u u~lmolild~"(hard science) i~s1~~i~~nii~a:~1nisdiBodonisw"~~od"u"oaruuRgiud1 1
19.1.2 ? Y I U I ~ ~ I ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ P R U i io ~9wiami i~qnuiiui qaqIX4oiilSu "aryu
~iaoli-9 ~~inmi~.u, . nfo viinmiiou- (soft science) B~~nlriaounan-miiuani nionisdio~ en8 d o r ~ . r r ~ u a ~ u I I ~ s n ~ ~ n ~ m f f ~ n m ~ ~ i n : : n n m ~ ~ u m a i a v u ~ n ~ u ~ ~ d ~ i ~ ~ T G I Y ~ ~ G P ~ I V N ~
(numbers crunching)
(Michael G: Roskin, et al. Political Science, 3* ed., Englewood Cliffs, N.J., 1988,
p.13.)
19.2 n l ~ w ~ l ~ l u ~ ~ ~ f l m ~ ~ ~ n 1 9 ~Tl~lfll~mil359JIfifi (scientific formula) n?o J' rnnmC4awoCia~nriiai~uB~sICiii nio q o r3muuffo Isl~~iuu 2 d?u oon5iuu 1 riau
~rmkibitiouftni~u& i i i l u r n ~ f g ~ i n m i ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ i ~ n ~ i a ~ ~ ~ i niniinuauiRufoun: 60 uoq
PS 103 45
m ~ ~ n i n m ~ f i u o d i r u ~ i n l n lbu The World Guide 200112062, oxford : i e w internationalist
Publications, 2001. 44~81 17 a r q U ~ ~ o b a ~ Issuesn (dr:i;u~:filhn) a a ~ A n i w i i m n i j d
chnkfimmr.nikhd (A toiecast f0it.h; new cmmry) d 3 z d ~ d n f i i a f i i d d 1 f ~ i j i j i~ ,
I ) nir15unfo~tm)'~a~.li~~w~aaww'u~~a~ (indigenous cuImres)
2) d m ~ i n i ~ ~ ~ i ~ ~ ~ ~ u l w daw ~ ~ ~ 0 ~ ~ ~ 1 ~ 1 d c i ~ ~ ~ p l ~ 4 1 ~ f l
3 d~rmnrbicl&~#i~qflnin6iu~~u"ouo~l~n ( t ia#~~ylndl l~~n~Ygo~u?ni )
4) ~iA'uimrlho~lnnnerdoua~~fou 7 ~ 9 u a ~ o a m & ~ n i ~ u i w 1 1 ~ 1 n u (Circle of A I 4 ' m
rcarclty) l l t T S ~ ~ ~ ~ 5 1 ~ ~ ? ~ I ~ ~ ~ ~ . ~ ~ ~ ~ U ' U O ~ B ' P I L ~ " % ~ B ) O ~ (eco- cita~trbihe) %4010hl/l?l~ulm~
%J k d ~ n h ~ l u r n n u u ~ f d o d The Day After Tomorrow ' A ' ' P c/
5) f a ~ 1 ~ 6 ~ a ' ~ l p n ~ n ~ ~ 7 f l ~ w i ~ 1 ~ ~ 1 n ~ u i n l ~ u i n ~ 9 u u (the divergificatioh o f
economics) '
Iw~~P j l T u m u i ~ o n i b o ~ a Z 4 o i n Websites ~ y j ~ l f i t l ~ # l f i u o 1;u $In i lk in Google
d& warch en&ei80 in~o-itoannudtflir '#un1" U ~ ~ n d i ~ ~ r r n : o ; h Wikipedia Q~ITIAI~~' . ,
1$fD~olddl~odldln3 &> , ,- i.
9 3 Q b y a ~ u i n ~ ~ d a i d d ~ ~ o d ~ a 1 1 ~ h i ~ d ~ 4 a d ~ ~ ~ 1 ~ ~ ' i ~ ' ePrt.4 Y i i l q l w i l u m a ~ m i u n u l u (~Attiipretgtlbn) lum~?aimf orauni~ninmiuitnu
i i X i w h o d 1 4 l#uri UotOuuuo~~i~mnmi~~rituniinu1n'u~m8dofidu tu u n r i u a i
nld&1'wd.r4o n i n d e u lud r~ua~er~o~~n5~1rn~fh luuwf ia iud~ol i ~mnu'o~,ro-mnilo.rnafiiada~ 4 P 41hnlaaufl (Psendo-polities - p );%I IJ-~FI wonnmmhd)
, ,
(Christian Bay. "Polhlds and ~ a e ~ d o ~ o l i t i c s : A ~ r i t i r i l I I
Behavioral Lhterat~re~~, Amerifiin ~k l id ia l $cien& R & ~ ~ ~ . ' L I x , 1965, &a $i 4' & & '
19.4 11uaviqfin33 f i naa lnsawadnuuu (1eta11sm) n q a u u a
1fia.rnti.snaiG'u 1 4 ' n. m a i l ~ u ~ ~ i i ~ ~ ~ i i n i ~ i j i ' ~ ~ h . ~ i l ; ~ ~ i i ~ ' ~ f i ~ ~ i ~ ~ d ~ ~ ~ ~ I ' ~ n ~ ~ f l n ~ ~ ~ ~ u ~ ~ n ~ ~ ~ l d n u l ~ , I 4 .
l ~ h ~ t i n n m . r m r i c o 4 ( p ~ & i c i l man) I n a d a h 4
I
46 - PS 103
d A w n~Wlnuv (legal and inititutiomal ap~roach) d i ~ ~ i i i ~ l n i ~ ( m l w ~ i ~ s ' p ~ i ' ~ 1 m 5 ~ n ~ u 1 ~ 1 ~ " 2 ~ ~ a
uyub15~rrqlnrru idu vCdlortciu classic So ~rrruriAra~u~vli luniqm.~Be~- d I
Graham Wallas. Human Nature in Politics. University of Nebraska Press, 1962. w"aJw(vu3~d
9 9 i nqRn~rulmutarnzhu~man~~i idu lun&doao he Great Society: A Psychological d s 4 a s w 4
Analysis. (knU~41Hi : nl3~l(lllml¶l~ QmanUl) ~ ~ u ~ n ~ ~ l n l 5 ~ l a J 5 n ~ I ~ G.Wallace $4
~ u b f t l a n l u g n.n.igos n'o i a t Wuuo4nmarwd 20
u. 1iuanqRn5runi~rnfldnu'unyunir~~1.~.fi~ ubjnum.~PadupmunA. liuud J'
ma~mlinzrin~adu q nuiuiuiumuirnruu,ui kd5intllu~lj.rdaa'o ~pmuipv via UI~R
ign I~ulnnlm1w51z 1) d u u a u i u ~ a 1 u d a u u a ~ o t u ~ ~ 1 ~ ~ 1 u n ~ ~ ~ ~ o ~ C n i i ~ ~ i n 5 i z N " ~ i a
ooflim?u 48 6nihdiud v ( 5 a ~ i (Sigmund Freud) ~ l '#u j l id (6mn1~ ~w6?)mlfli0 81l$u~fh
ulurrru (superego) i t t u aq~~l~n55ni4li i i iu&uti#a I W ~ I ~ % ~ ~ U Y I R V O J U ~ W ~ ~ ~ ego
(Qm) iniu$.rwo n'o dauUo~iodiuia~iu~io~dou q 2) 8n~tlinnqln~rumami8nwi
6ai?muunzdorlnciiuan'~d5inQni5f;Sii4 7 ~ m ~ n u i i ~ n n ~ ~ k ~ u ~ d m i u n ~ ~ n ~ ~ n " o d ~ t i j w n a ' m B d w 9
(dynamism) iSunai~M~~duou 4~n~unu~nunanuinin~3i~~n~p1 'lauan GaKu iu in i~a
lfW8 !u'i~uldmiurrua~m1?4na~n (mechanism) ~ u l ~ n a l u ~ l $ u ~ ~ ~ M I ~ ~ ~ ~ o J (social d.4 4 d
world) ij6aild5 (variables) ulnfl~l~nnl~4nlPImW (physical world) lw51zuyPIuulueuw~4
~ io~na iu f i fn founu ia~~p~~am (flesh and blood) ijnuop i j i m ~tnda~6a~~d5ld~uuloio~ d
n9M
n. au a n q ~ n r r u ~ l i u n i 5 n 5 z 4 u ~ i ? o ~ ~ u d o ~ ~ i j ~ i m ~ a i i o u i o i n n i ~ ~ u w u
ointnaimam4 ~luaaaaufi (Qunntum Physics) I R U I ~ W I ~ ~ W ' U I S U W ~ Q I ~ ~ I ~ S O ' U ( ~ ~ ~ Albert
Einstein ~ u r n ~ d ~ z m n n q ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ % n ~ i n i ~ ~ (relativity) & f i ~ j i I ) naiuS naiuh n i o
qadi (value) i i t q 6 i rh i nlo iidndiiuu - (varies) 1dmiumnzimzm~z 2) ~nifti116'ij
n a i u n u ~ ~ d o ~ r i a u ~ ~ n a i u e ~ ~ u n ~ o n a i u ~ h ~ l d u u n i ~ n 1 5 d ~ d ~ # 44fhriu1un~rri
saau eadiu n?onqu~Inn'lh-duu (chaos theory, m-osa) , . !.,
5~~wnuo.nluanqRnr5 i io fimii46diriRuosuyub 6 t tu Gn?viniriaua&Cn
i) Peni 6, et al., Tbwards Holistic Governance : The New Reform Agenda.
sivnis) Inu~Qwwnsiuvo.rn~z 8dfl GBC : Government Beyond The Centre
IudsirwaCqnq~
2) Mihaly Sirnai. The Future of Clbbal ~overnance : Managing Risk and dl;ange
in the ldternational System. Washingtbn, D.C. : United States Institute of Peace Press, 1994.
(bfdl~Q111ddb3~0(1~0n~3~$nih%ln)
nis8nvido~nm~u~z~ua"~11i$10io~!nn~a~~w!d~~aznis$n~id ikynnd ilqlnb~ 4'
81" ~tiimsilnvi3ztundu ~ ) ~ ~ B ~ I ~ : J ~ I ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ I I ~ ~ B ~ ~ I ~ V O ~ ~ ~ N ~ " I W ~ ~ ~ ~ I ~ ~ ~ ~ B ~ U I ~ V U CW
Gu~1~~umst$i~o~~uaa"~;no1"am~i~i"~~~~u"am~1n~a~~a (political sociology) i ini~mniiyn B d yn!u"n (pioneer) ~ ~ n ~ i u d i ~ q 6 u n ~ u ~ w e l l ~ ~ n u ~ ~ 0 ~ ~ ~ l n s z ~ a u n i s n i ~ n i s ~ f i ?klti-ai5
l r a i idirril.' lunu'tdoh finrzuaqnqri~ddYg'puingy A * d Y
(~ r i hu r P. Bentley. The Process oP.Government,) ~ ~ W ~ ~ f l f i ~ l ~ f l l u ~ i.8.19& '
19.6 %fliam/tp uniidnqAnaru" wiognnk&adrzh'nda~m
1) Heinz Eulau, et al, eds. Political Behavior: A Reader in theory and Research. 4
New York: Free Press, 1956. ~ G ~ ~ F I U B P ~ ~ I W ~ U L ~ I 11111(1~:. 40 W ~ ~ Y J U & ~ I ~ ~ ~ B J :'
~o~~uusauf o.rd1.r 7 ~'nuaii~ln~u~~m~m.iib
2) Albert Somit and Joseph Tanenhaus. The Develbpmdnt of American ~olitical
Science: From Burgess to Behavioralism, Boston: Allyn and Bacon, 1967. fii3hfdlnla'~dd
fpw~amialuiiiu : oicuueicnaii~ wqiin$iu~iand'r ' *
44 Y 4 . 4 nirflnwni~wqknaap~wigl~~a J~IU ~ 1 3 6 9 t~i%sJ$aLdfi (einpirica~) F/o mr'l##~$b 14 9 81 ainwqiinsrun4omqniamn1n~vu~3~ q ~fluf!uduiuui.rzazhdr a~uoudszuCJdiu
da d ys.,d. , * a G .+& , , - nw1aau 1960-1969 (The ~ i r d e s ) n 1 S U U ~ ~ 6 t U 1 ~ ' 9 ~ l t W ~ ~ I R ~ ~ R H ' I O I R ~ E I iakfd !&~uu!%I
48 PS 103
(David Easton, "The New Revolution in Political Science", American Poiitical
Science Review, ~ecem6er, 1969, pp. 105 1-1061 .)
i
20. s ' ~ r n r r s l i ~ n w k a u a w ~ ~ n ~ a p s ~ ~ g l ~ ~ ~ : mqvi P U ~ U C Choice ~ i u a i ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ i n s l i 4 9 cg r n a i i i o ~ i i a ~ m ~ ~ ~ i " ~ ~ ~ a w i n n i " a ~ ~ ~ d (critical theory)
r r u ? w q ~ n r r u m ~ ~ l ~ # s ' u n ~ r ~ a ~ r n r " ~ ~ n ~ a ~ ~ ~ ~ u
ihundwo.rii w q ~ n r r u n ~ n m i r ~ u i ~ n ~ r f i n ~ ~ d ~ n ~ ~ ~ Y u ~am=ziRu39 (status I 4 4 s
QUO) ar1zilnlnaind~#1#~n"mvuu11rd~ rrnriinuu.'giuii nm?zi5unromdueifu1nuiz
do-.iiluodwtu a n. rini.ainirui~nurnuoii narI~naiuau1auinuun"f~drzi6udiiera~u 1)
Tnr~ahc 2 ) mrt idh AIR: 3) mrugZia tmurew~z#iumtu~~iglminiriu"oc wioiclrugfia B
mriu"8d (Political economy) .at ulPn f48 uni I MPublic. choice theory" ("nq~ $ l ~ l a ~ n
maiscu:-* nio ~n~~riionuo~mm.au**) wioui.m!qliunii ~mru~flrlrmiid~ni'11d8~* (The B
Economics of Politics) ~ 3 1 ~ u m l ~ $ ~ ~ a ~ n ? i u ~ s l V i ~ ~ t ~ ~ f f 6 (ronoepts) lull19 Y
1crru~~iamhw'arbl"1a~i"~931a~l9~lrru"~9 r iu 1) mroom8ucriionk 2) rnrdare.3
(negotiation, horse trading) flw6oiu?fiU1rdnm-adia~o n ~ r ~ ~ n & n i ~ i i ~ ~ d ~ u u ~ ~ ~ d r z ~ ~ v o s "
fihIuws5nnirru"~q 3) n"anirPi1q q ~o9Yguin
u'niflrugmami i o John Slornan ~ # 1 ~ i l i l i l i i m n ? l u ? ~ ~ 9 ~ ~ ~ u b l i c choice theory*
(nqu~ii#aunir.'R~u~~u89uwi%u) ?&ri mrdrzynd 'i'imrdis q nlehu~sruh~iami
b~u~i!d?in.nzd Rnw mrS~)QuIami~mrl i i~ (Public choice theory VUIU& mrdrzyni dbd ~an1rms~gmnmilun15~rnri~.II" I:o~mr6miplaulamcnir~~o~)
4 u a n. mgu~mie ib 'onnrsma~ib l8n~ i~ i rm~~~on~u~giu1~ 1 rip
16.5.1 ~seniiiucidan& (voters) r9urnu"oun'uqndi (clients) irnz
u'nrnrido.ar9umiouod"nBa"na 7 ~ u i 1) U'nrnrBo~ (politician) k i p l a i l a imd i~a~ inn i r
h i i u l a iwn ' i i f u i 66uiuv k 2) [ooniiIu.adan& (voters) k u i i o i i nir6miplaiulam~
rnrrdo-a qnv~uldrw"ol#r?u .nruyiauc~ (votes) 62od1~ lo$idr~aiau4io~mrlw"arQi~
I ouu 4 ~ o ~ n i . ~ a ' ~ i a ~ w u ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ d u o ~ ~ ~ ~ d ~ u ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ r ~ ~ ~ u ~ ~ n " U u ' n n i ~ i d ~ S ~ ~ r r n n i r i d o ~
dqnliuarluifo.rr~ndi2bonuulliundn~6uduii~qidiiuni~nJunyuaindi~nrrn
nirifluq rinn1siflo-a duaru'iaziiimwaiguo?~lXuiniiilm aualu'u n'o r i o i r l # f i r a u u l ~ s ~ a
(votes) uinwuiiii!u tBonl+u.ntonkqiiaz~d"nnilI~Bq ( r2u&l i i r i an i sd i~u) g n R ~ o t i # A nuuftliul~iii~u~dA~~n~~1~dr~luwuaunoditii~wqwn (rational utility maximizers) nlo
u o ~ r n w i i i ~ u ~ & o . ~ m r ~ ~ d r z ~ u w u " ~ o ~ m u (personal gain) I A U ~ ~ ~ ~ C I I ? ~ r a t i o n a ~ - i l l ~ - i ~ -
iiun wuiunmuii dmr~nimra~n?o?i~iiwu~f~~mnzrzmz ~ w ' o I ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ ~ r d u i n ~ ~ $5
lflunseiiq 2 i l iu n'o drzaiau~oonl4u~i~onf~iiazdi~u'nniriflo~ ,s a
1) ~ u E d i i u ~ b i ! u n n ~ ~ ~ i ~ ~ n Q w ~ public Choice i i l i ~ n u u b i ~ i u d i i drzhadi Y
QnirPaJozlKn'o rnr'lhzliuwlliu~lnn (votes maximizers ) $i;ioknqui Public choice -44 B
~ M U J S O J. Buchanan. University of Exeter nld!f~qd V P 9 - a *
i ~ l f i l n l ~ ''li(l2d0 k d s l U ~ ~ ~ ~ n 6 1 . 8 n h . I I I ~ ~ B U ~ T I ? ~ ~ l ~ : I f h f l ~ l ? n ~ ~ ~ n
(John lom man. Economics. New York: Harvester Wheatsheaf Prcntice Hall, 199 1, pp.
41 1-412.) d r~ 4 4 4 u. aualu'ulnu'iiu ~ndc~ninflun~anriuluu~uuo~ " n q u p n ~ a w ~ n d i c ~ r t h
(critical theory) ~ I W ? I J I U ~ T J ~ C ~ J ~ niuljnjainirdfi i l in8nuidr~d1~im \
(Frankfurt School) I u ~ u ~ w ~ I (David Held. Introduction to Critical'Theory:Horkheimer to Habermas. Berkeley: University
of California Press, 1980.)
R'~aci i~i i~~nisiwind?oird iia o'oi1iiu~i~ud~ou~w"n2~1a~0d#1no~'~!di3~ii#~ Y Y
luTnnilapGu ~~i i~wrirhiuiaq0ds'~un~u~i i~d6uir i i d u 1Jibumrlili5~.riuiiilB
m $ o ~ ~ n r d l j u i i ' i . ~ i ~ ~ q
(Nicholas Abercrombie, et als. The Penguin Dictionary of Sociology. Fourth Edition,
Penguin Books, 2000, p.80.) a
( l a u i m i ia9qlriulowir. Vgniami mruin i r i~ i io nqud ; vuqnnarru
wknmsiu f nnnfd 2 n"o daa sirtiea (1960.69) ~mzdatSiuuo.r seventies (1970-79)
iinquii1.r q i d u a i i u n i s ~ ~ u i ~ ~ ~ n i a ~ d o ~ f m u n p i i a 8 ~
1) ~niaOqil#~fl~d~Qulw+ (modernization)
2) ~ n i a d i ~ # ~ # ~ d ~ ~ n i a z i i r n i ~ ~ $ e ~ ~ (pollflcal n~turt~tlo") J a u. p i ~ u l i i i u i i d q l ~ l n 1 a ~ ~ ~ 1 d 1 0 : i i i ~ ~ u ~ 1 ~ n 7 l u ~ 1 ~ f l u ~ ~ ~ :OJWJwlM un:
a 4 6:OJW4fi~" (dependence) P i O f ~ n ~ z j ~ ~ f l fi~flil 'TIq% $ i h W I Dependency Theory g4bit~ ,
~~wiwniuuinlun juu'fSviniaaluSn~lKHioai AuoluSni (Latin America) ~ R U I R Y ~ ~ U D I ~ U U d uoq 8~ma pwnei 1 d a 9 d nquj$twi$mllua ~mrug8onirlu"a+ (Political economy) '14
uaalnnluuG'iu (qnrsniii n5iz~nuuRgiuiiayu81i~ wuiuiu~oikloi -4 a 24 a A ld'5uu wionqvqw~*l~uunsinu::ionulunwipou3mun::luyIsddau~wuoni8u
(James D.Cockcroft, Andre Gunder Frank and Dale &.Johnson. Dependence and
Underdevelopment : Latin American Political Economy. Garden Gity, New York: Doubleday,
1972.) o ~ ~ ~ n ~ u ~ ~ ~ i n i s ~ i n d a ~ ~ w a 1 0 d b ~ 1 n ~ ~ i ~ 1 (third world) $ad~~dunisu~q!J~wiiii.r s dl y naman~maCmui k t$uf iwf i f lo~asaub~1~uu~fo~ui8~~1u au8~ l o lriu kfiurilmu
c~~iii#aunim'Mcigiini~~o~o~r?"n~aapsdazniniA ru unsuil.ru~ dr:mnddu
(R.P. Misra and M. Honja, eds. Changing Perception af Development Problems ,10
vols. Nagoya, Japan: U.N. Centre for Regional Development, 1981 ,)
~ ~ O U ~ ~ J ~ ~ I U U W .ff. 25 14 90, z d B 9 lu~iuzc~onmtniniaii~ni~m~ rtinao~lukriplnmz55~1nms" BiJuuiid~oonifIu
mumui ~in-,idoiiYunmz~ninlalS"~u~ w.ff.2516 Ptaiiuuidunatulgdo'o& (Founding
Dean) $at!? 2516-2520 8Y8fiinun"lifIu 3 16~uijuiflu 78iiti % ,
n. ltdaw A uivinirdnnre~ (Government) ~w6niui~tn~u6iiua4ot~uniuinin B
kybernetes r t i i d n ~ i n ~ ~ ~ i u ~ ~ o n u d o ~ i ~ ~ d ~ douidihv~! cybernetics (Iriuoiiulal5nh
B m."uniounmlu (Latin) fro "gubernare" rt i idnii fi8u nlonauqu
(Webster's Third New International Dictionary, cited in Karl W. Deutsch. Politics
and Government, 2nd ed. Boston: Houghton Miffin, 1974, p.8) X nravnguiuoni ibu nq~amndo.r, rzuuniriflot, wqffnrruiitmridot nniuir
nirifllot6it q &U i ~g ln i wrrnniriflat Inq
u. udau B ~iuinaiu~u#u~rznji9drzinfl (International Reiations) nrounqu
Jrzmn 3) nnufiiuip1itnirpm (diplomacy) ~IOJUIUI~I~! 4) niriie~iteii~e'ubu9 (linkage
politics)
n. lidnu C ~ 1 ~ 1 ~ ~ d ~ ~ f l l ~ f l l k ~ ~ & n l 3 ~ ~ P 4 1 ~ ~ ~ " n ~ (Poblic Administratiion)
A iW0fl11~~~1~33~11~~119 (good governance)
GI~J iiililrii9ur~o~i~a1nws"bmuw5q
n. i3mnwfluyanaj 1 IEiiufm"?~arma1nriuaw"Coi?~wqin55uu1n irdidslriu~uw~ cYd c: d y ~ n i 3 u r J ~ 0 6 4 ~ l i 8 ~ a 6 ' ~ 1 i ~ ~ a ~ 9 n a ' 1 a i ~ 1 d ' ~ 1 ~ ~ Public Choice, Critical theory, Dependency
theory
Y a v 1 OI
am¶InpmJ (Founding Dean) nfM:fJ~lRls" U M I ? ~ U I ~ ' ~ % S ~ O J ~ I ~ ( ~ ~ ~ lkr6 nr.Rnn r'uuiu a * , d~niunruum~nsknor:s'~a~nwf Q~~n in tdun~? iwu~~ $0 ~ I ~ P I S I O I ~ ~ ~ Y U qncniiu
t srcr nruu$(6o~qnorzfga1nmfhwi?wiAa'usiu~1rlwq l k i n ljruuu oiou~imrhka dBI
nt~ziga~apl~uu ru am{uduq idud uw1?nu1riuqIuriu%55%~1~51.a (u.n.5.) rrnr
uwl?wula'ul3uslw~
rddluau~or4~$auld rm.zfi1~~8nu1s~du1ndqm ~srBud1u~u3auriudsru1or 3 4 a iiaunu nsw ~1~1Swu15us1ui1rlns
24.1 ' Robert S. Erikson,et al. The Macro Polity. Cambridge University Press, 2002.
24.2 Dennis Kavangah, ed. Dictionary of Political BLogl'aphy. Who is Who in
Twentieth Century World Politics. Oxford University Press, 1998.
24.3 Joel Krieger, ed. The Oxford Companion to Politics of the World. Oxford
University Press, 1993.
24.4 Ian Marsh, et al. Democracy, Governance and Economic Performance : East and
Southeast Asia, 1999.
24.5 Jack C. Plano. et al. Political Science Dictionary. Hinsdale, 111.,1973.
24.6 David Robertson. The Resetledge Dictlonery of Politics. Erd ed. London :
Ronttedge, 2004.
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