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Ignacio CIENFUEGOS SPIKINRisk management policy in dutch municipalities. Understanding the process, identifying strengths and

visualizing possible improvements

Revista Enfoques: Ciencia Poltica y Administracin Pblica, vol. IX, nm. 14, 2011, pp. 155-176,

Universidad Central de Chile

Chile

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Revista Enfoques: Ciencia Poltica y

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Revista Enoques Vol. Ix N142011pp.155-176

IGNACIO CIENFUEGOS SPIKIN

RISK MANAGEMENT POLICY IN DUTCH MUNICIPALITIES

RISK MANAGEMENT POLICY IN DUTCHMUNICIPALITIESudrstadg t prcss, dtyg strgtsad vsag pssb prvts

Gst d rsg as cpadads d hadaetdr prcs, dtcar rtaas

y vsaar psbs jras

I CIENFUEGOS SPIKIN1

uvrsty TwtTwt, hada.j.cgsspk@twt.

V. Ix N 14, 2011, 155-176

F : 17 2010F : 7 2010F : 29 2011

ABSTRACT: T z , - w N -. Aw, w DL G z - (H, 1995). A (V H B, 2001; Yk D V, 2002;Swk, N D R, 2009 D V, 2008), kw Nw P M, - D . T

1 P F M G.


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156




, w N k , , (B H, 2005) z k .

Kywrds: k , w , , -

RESUMEN:P z , - P B. L, E f G L, -z . E , N G

P (H, 1995), z M (V H B, 2001; Yk D V, 2002; Swk, N D R, 2009 D V, 2008). E , G R H, -, z (B H, 2005).

Paabras cav: , , , -

D A K A (2002), - . T w- - (J, 1994),w w. A w - , (K P, 1990) w , z . I , k

w . Hw, , w k .


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157




T N z w z - (VH B, 2001). A D -, , z w w ( ) . T - w. A K A (2002) D - 1848 . A Tk (1798-1872), w , -w . A H (2009), - D , k , k- k . B N - w -, ( ) w . S w -k w-w , (L, 1975 H, 2009).

T D , B, D R, US, w - z (P, 2001 K A, 2001). M N - (S, 1999

K A, 2001). A wk V H B (2001), D , , . I , , , z, w .

M N ,w - (V H B, 2001). T w (D R, 2002). T w , w (K A, 2002). T k , , - . M w z , - k (V H B, 2001)


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158




-- z z ( F 1 ).I D ,

, f - . L w , 20 , w w (V H B, 2001). E A F A 1929, : (1) M F w w (2) , w (3) w (B H, 1998). I 10 , w .

T - -, . A K A, wk 2002, , w w k D , -

. T k w w . I w , w ; . O -z, (KA 2002).T

N, , -k - k k .

A B H (1998), w 432 w 1985 114 w 1998. T 43,5 30,7 . S , , M F (B H-, 1998).

A D , w w , -k , (H, 2009). H (2009) N, A, R,T H U, -w . T


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, w . F , . D z , . I w , - ( , , .) w w , . I w, , - w w ( R-R, H- ) (H, 2009). T ,w-kw , w w , w w .

A , N . Hw, . T w , -

w .T w w , (N, 1992 KA, 2002). A K A (2002) w . W - w , w , .

F , w , w . A k

, k. M- k (K C,2001 K A, 2002). A K (2001), - . I H, w U, 50 . I A, z U, k 30 . I , k

(K A, 2002). A , D - w k k -k k- .

S w D , N, . A VSw (2008), R ,


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. E N k -, w w z , k w .

T W WII ( T 1). C . T - . A , , w . Hw, , z, k , w k. O , V H B (2001), D k , w .

FIGURE 1. STRUCTURE OF A DUTCH MUNICIPALITY

C C-

U

EC

A

MM C

S: Ow .


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TABLE 1. DISTRIBUTION OF DUTCH MUNICIPALITIES BY SIZE OF MUNICIPALITYN

P z 1950 1980 1990 2010L 5.000 624 246 105 65.000 20.000 314 407 384 16520.000 50.000 53 114 130 19250.000 100.000 13 27 36 42O 100.000 11 17 17 26T 1.015 811 672 431

A z 9.879 17.375 22.162 38.327

S: B D, Kk V, 2002.

Public Management Reormin the Dutch Local Government SectorI w , z - z, 80. T Nw P M (NPM). T NPM w w (H, 1995).

A V H J (2003), NPM - .P Bk (2000 V H J, 2002) NPM : z, kz, -

z, , , .T NPM z - (V H J, 2003). I :

Dz z - ; C- , , w

, w w - ;

A z , ;

A - -z.

O (1998 V H B, 2001) , w k , Nw P F M.


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O , - , z z z ( NPM - H, 1995 Kk, 1997). (S T 2)

Fw k, P (2002 V H J,2003), NPM : , , z- , . I D , NPM 1990. D V (2008), P k w, , , , , ,

, , w, -, , -

. T , w - , z , w , (D V, 2008).

A B M (1995), D . Hw, - k w , - w , , UK, A Nw Z(H, 1995; P, 2000 D V, 2008). T, - NPM , -, ,

. F , D -k w w - k (V H B, 2001; V H

J, 2003 D V (2008) ).

L NPM D M, V H J (2003) w 1980, - N k . T w z z

z z . T w z

w z , . T w w 1990, D M H Ak


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k , , , (V H J, 2003). T , w kw BBI ( D:B- B I), w P M I (PMI). T w z .

A Kpmg (1997 V H J, 2003) 75 N - . Hw, w , w w (M, 1997 V H J, 2003). A Kpmg (1997, V H J, 2003), 16 - 13,000 40,000 , w 67 .

A NPM D w k - k. A w , w . G NPM , k , . Hw, B,(2001 V H J, 2003) - D w 20,000 . F , B (2001) , , -, w . T , w ,

w . I , - D w 100,000 (B, 2001). A kw

, z,

N.M, V H J (2003) -

k w NPM w . S w w , w - k . T , - w -w, ,w z w w z (V H J, 2003).


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E w NPMW NPM D , z , S H k .A Yk D V (2002), k L A, - T N-, w w w P S H. F , P (1.7 ) , - ( ) (V Dk C, 1999 Yk D V, 2002). I ,

w k (Yk D V, 2002).T, Yk D V (2002), -

Nw P M, . T z - .

T D 1983 ( ) w CO w - (Yk D V, 2002). R w, k k P C . (M I A K A, 29 S 1999).

C - -. T -, , . B . T k w (Yk DV, 2002). A k , w , . I k , k - (k ). E w , w 1995 G A A (Yk D V, 2002).

D , M I A w k P S H.T M I P w


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A- k w w , -. I, k k kw k w w w k w w w -k w k. O , w , k -, w k, k w k

, w M I . T w , .

T P S H - w D , -k , w k k. I , w k z ,

w. W

z k w w z , k w w . A Y-k D V (2002), z f , w - (B, 1996 Yk D V, 2002).

A NPM D -, w , - z ( ) z- (V H J, 2003). z w w , - w , w - , k - k w. M, - w k w z N NPM, , k


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. Hw, D MC(2007) k z, k - k w , k k , w z, k , .

A w k w , -, k z .T, - - w k , ,

k w z -k w . I , V H B (2001) w -k - , w - - . T w w w , , w -- k w ( Kpmg, 1997).

M, NPM . A , D . F ,

, w , . Mk , , k D -k. A , k,

, w w - wk. P Bk (2000) .


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TABLE 2. THE NEW PUBLIC MANAGEMENT APPARATUS IN DUTCH MUNICIPALITIES

NPM E C

1. D ,z

D ( )

R ( )

2. C

Bk z : w

O

3. A

P . B w:

S k ; ()

4. C

O :

E w -

5. V -

T

R

6. T

D ,

R w

7. O C , P k

S: V H J, 2003.

Rk M D M, F RT P Lw w 1995, Nw P M, - w (Yk D V, 2002).

A , P Lw , ,

w w z P Lw, 1997 P Fwk F C. T - .W , M I A w . T Lw , -, , (Yk D V, 2002). T P- Lw 1995, w w ,w k. A ,

P k .I 2004 P Lw w . T


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w (B, 2006). I w ; ) , ) k ( ) ) w k k .

A B (2006), . T z - k, k , . T P Lw - k . F k k w . H w , w w k k . B(2006), , k k, z - k -, w- C-B A. I , , , w - w D z -. T, k w k , k k (L, 2003). Rk k k w k w w .

T P Lw w k k

(B, 2006). A w, k w , - , w k , w - , k ( L, 2003). Pk, , w . A k k. A , k , -, w k k k . A w;1) k, 2) k 3) k w z.A , .., k, k , k , k , . A B- (2006), M I A


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k, () k.A k z ( ), P Lw

, w k. T - (CN) (B, 2006). A , w (FCA) (A) (A) (H), w w w:

FCA = Abr+ A + H

A B (2006), , w . T w k , - . Hw, f . T w ( , -

wk) D , w w w 200 (K A, 2001), w w , k k , k . T k , , . T (B, 2006).

T w , w w (FCA) - (CN). T,

, w 1, z . A , P Lw k k - . A w k ; B (2006) M I A , w w k , k. T, wk - k , , w k - z k , w , ( F 2 k ).


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R k D MB H (2005) k P Lw 2004. T 130 - w k z N . S - w w w w k .

R k , w (- k) k , B H (2005) k - . T k, w ( ), k ( , , ), k ( , , , z, .).T , , ,w D z k,w . A k - k , w w k w z.

B H (2005) k , , f, , , w k ( F Y, 2005 D MC-, 2007) , , , w , , -

z z w . I k E - (B H, 2005), - ,

w N (D R, 2002).

D ( k), kw (B H, 2005).Rk f w -, w ( w ). F, 50% - .

I k, B H

(2005) k. O w k, k P w - (B H, 2005),


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k. A , , k k kw k , w k , .

T w k . E k ( k), w k(B H, 2005). A B H (2005), k w D , , w, w , , - . Hw, w , -k - ( ), w k k .

A B H (2005), , , - k wk k, z , , ( k w z) . E w (5 130) , K (1921).2 I w w , G T, NPM, , (B H, 2005).

O B H k. T , z , kw z. T, w z, z, w, % .A kw w k , k , , w k

2 K k z . H z -, , k, , , k (K, 1921). T, - k -, w K , k z , w .


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k z , (L, 2003) w w, w k w k . O , , w k kw wD , w w P S H, .

F, B H (2005), w w , (FCA) w. T, 124 130 - . W , ( w ), k, .A 13 130 .A , w k , w w k . T , , w w - k . T, - w , 7 130 k 6 7 , ( T 3 k k ).

CA , w N , k, w w z. S w k D w w w. N, k w k - , - k w , .

A z, , k , kw


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. A N w k , , ( , w k ) w , k .

M , M M, k z, k N. A w B H (2005) N k , G T, k k w . T k z-, k w ( k ).

FIGURE 2. STEPS IN THE RISK MANAGEMENT PARAGRAPH IN DUTCH MUNICIPALITIES

RegularRisks

PositiveRisks

PureRisks

FinancialRiskPropertyRisk

InternalRisks

S 3 C

S

k

C -

Rk M

P

U Rk

S 5

S 2

S 4

S 1

F R

S: Ow B (2006).


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TABLE 3. COMPARING RISK MANAGEMENT PROCESS WITH THE RESILIENCEPARAGRAPH, HIGHLIGHTING SOME PUBLIC POLICY GAPS

S Rk M R P

D N

I k I k

E kE k ( w / )

C k (D C)

N

I wE , w , k.

S: Ow .

RBogt. H. J. T (2001). P O-O P E M-

, erpa Act Rvw, 1013, . 621-43.Boogaard, R. P. C. M. H (1998). C k -

N. I Ok (E.)(1998). Frdg a pgavr d ftg sktr: opgavrdg dvagt ad,. 71-94. K: I.

Boorsma, P. B. N. M. M (1995). T D P F R. I K-k, W J.M. F A. V, E., (1995). Pbc Pcy & AdstratSccs T ntrads, P H, L-Nw Yk.

______ G. H (2005). Rsarc csdrg t appcat t rsc paragrap Dtc mcpats. U Tw. T N.

______ (2006). Pbc Rsk maagt, wt a spca rrc t Dtc cpats. Apapr prstd t crc maca, C.

Bovens, Mk (1996). D . I Mk B A Hk (.) ht vraa va d raa. e prsc drk aar dsca bddg va r bdg, . 150-70. A/M: B.

Denters, B.; P. J. Kk M. V (2002). R Rk: P . P ECPR J S Wk, T, I.

______ L. E. R (2005). Cparg lca Gvrac: Trds ad Dvpts. P-: M.

De Rooij, R. (2002). T E U N-.Jra erpa Pbc Pcy, 9:3: 447-467.

De Vries, M. S. (2008). S R: S A D L- P Nwk. lca Gvrt Stds. V. 34, N 2: 221-243.


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Drennan, Lynn T. A MC (2007). Rsk ad Crss maagt t PbcSctr. Nw Yk: R.Fone, M P C. Y (2000). Pbc Sctr Rsk maagt. L: B.Hoetjes, B. J. S. (2009). T w N,

habtat itrata, 33: 157-164.Hood, C. (). T Nw P M 1980: V T,

Accg, orgrr rd Scy, 2011-2: 93-109.Jessop, B. (1994). P-F . I A. A (E.). Pst-Frds: A Radr, .

251-279. O: Bkw.Kicert, W. J. M. (1997). Pbc maagt ad Adstrat Rr Wstr erp.

C: E.King D. S. and J. Pierre (1990). C L G. Sag mdr Ptcs

Srs,V 28.Knight, F. (1921). Rsk ucrtaty ad Prt, C: U C P.Kolpron (2001).Aay grdbdrjv p bass va jaarvrsag [A aayss ad cpa-

s t bass aa rprts]. R: K C.Korthals Altes, W. K. (2002). L G Dz U

R P N. urba Stds, V. 39, N 8: 1439-1452.Kpmg (1997). Ozk P C M K G,

Rprtag p hdj, U: Kpmg.Lam, J. (2003). etrprs Rsk maagt, Fr ictvs t Ctrs. Nw Yk: J W-

& S.Lijphart, A. (1975). T ptcs accdat-Pras ad dcracy t ntrads.

Bk: U C P.Minister o Interior Aairs and Kingdom Aairs (1999). Br mstr va B-

ads zak Kkrjksrats aa Vast Kar Css vr Bads zak Kkrjksrats, 29 Sptbr. A ://www../W2/L/Z-

H/.Moret, E Y (1997). T J kw (D H).Needham, B. (1992). A w . urba St-

ds, 29: 669-681.Pacione, P. (2001). G : -

, Prgrss Pag, 56: 1-59.Pollitt, C. G. Bk (2000). Pbc maagt Rr: A Cparatv Prspctv.

O: O U P.Pollitt, C. (2002). T Nw P M I P: A A-

I E. I ML t a.( 2002). . 274-92.Sadosi, B. M.; A. N; M. D R (2009). P -

wk: E N.Tccats Pcy, 33: 582-595.

Schouten, C. (1999). T Dtc prvca ad cpa acctg syst. P

7 C C I G A R-, T, J.


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Van Dij Commission (1999). e drbrd bd. ht gbd va d prvc.Z-H G: . .Van Helden, G. J. H. J. B (2001). T A Bk P

C L G: A F S E D M. lcaGvrt Stds, V.27, 1 (S 2001): 61-86.

Van Helden G. J. E. P. J (). Nw P M D L G-. lca Gvrt Stds. V1.29, 2: 1-88.

Van Saaningen R. (2008). Sw : R. I S, J. (.). J, C C S: A - . Wa: Cpt.

Yesilagit, A. K. J. D V (2002). T z- : P S H. itrata Rvw Adstratv Sccs, V. 68: 579-597.

risk management policy in dutch municipalities. understanding the process, identifying strengths and

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