risk control and ppe

8/11/2019 Risk Control and PPE

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Risk Control

OSHA Office of Training and Education

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Protecting Employees from

Workplace Hazards Employers must protect employees from hazards

such as falling objects, harmful substances, and

noise exposures that can cause injury

Employers must:

Use all feasible engineering and work practice

controls to eliminate and reduce hazards

Use personal protective equipment (PPE) if the

controls dont eliminate the hazards.

PPE is the last level of control!


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Protecting Employees from

Workplace Hazards- How do I identify potential hazards in my

workplace?

- Begin with a survey. Observe the work

environment. Ask employees how they performtheir tasks. Look for sources of potential injurysuch as:

- Objects that might fall from above.

- Exposed pipes or beams at work level.

- Exposed liquid chemicals.- Sources of heat, intense light, noise, or dust.

- Equipment or materials that could produceflying particles.


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Engineering Controls

Engineering controls consist of substitution,isolation, ventilation and equipment modification.

If . . .

The work environment can be physicallychanged to prevent employee exposure to the

potential hazard,

Then . . .

The hazard can be eliminated with an

engineering control


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Engineering Controls

Initial design specifications

Substitute less harmful material

Change process

Enclose process

Isolate process

Examp les . . .


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Work Practice Controls

If . . .

Employees can change the way they do their

jobs and the exposure to the potential hazardis removed,

Then . . .

The hazard can be eliminated with a work

practice control


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Work Practice Controls -- Examples


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Work Practice Controls -- ExamplesJob rotation only reduces exposure it does not eliminate

the hazard.

Wet methods suppress dust.

Housekeeping and maintenance are essential tools in

eliminating hazards such as slips, trips and falls.

Personal hygiene is very important when working in areas

where toxic substances such as lead or asbestos are

present. Good hygiene practices can prevent the spreadof toxic materials to your family.


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Responsibilities

EmployerAssess workplace for hazards

Provide PPE

Determine when to use

Provide PPE training for employees andinstruction in proper use

Employee

Use PPE in accordance with training

received and other instructionsInspect daily and maintain in a clean andreliable condition


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Personal Protective

Equipment

Subpart I


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Personal Protective

EquipmentPPE is all equipment (including

clothing for the protection

against the weather) which isintended to be worn or held by a

person at work and which

protects them against one ormore risks to their health or

safety.


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Responsibilities

Employer

Assess workplace for hazards

Provide PPE

Determine when to use

Provide PPE training for employees andinstruction in proper use

Employee

Use PPE in accordance with training

received and other instructionsInspect daily and maintain in a clean andreliable condition


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Examples of PPE

Eye safety glasses, goggles

Face face shields

Head hard hatsFeet safety shoes

Hands and arms gloves

Bodies vests

Hearing earplugs, earmuffs

Body Part Protection


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PPE Program

Includes procedures for selecting,

providing and using PPE

First -- assess the workplace to determine

if hazards are present, or are likely to be

present, which necessitate the use of PPE

After selecting PPE, provide training to

employees who are required to use it


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Training

Why it is necessary

How it will protect them

What are its limitations

When and how to wear

How to identify signs of wear

How to clean and disinfect

What is its useful life & howis it disposed

If employees are required to use PPE, train them:


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Head Protection


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Causes of Head Injuries

Falling objects suchas tools

Bumping headagainst objects,such as pipes orbeams

Contact with

exposed electricalwiring orcomponents


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Selecting the Right Hard HatClass A or G

General service (building construction,shipbuilding, lumbering)

Good impact protection but limited voltageprotection

Meet ANSI Z89.1 specifications

Class B or E Electrical / Utility work

Protects against falling objects and high-voltageshock and burns

Electrical hazards meet ANSI Z89.2Class C

Designed for comfort, offers limited protection

Protects against bumps from fixed objects, butdoes not protect against falling objects or electrical

shock


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Hard Hat Suspension System


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Class CClass B or EClass A or G

They protect

workers from

bumping against

fixed objects but

do not protect

against fallingobjects or electric

shock.

They protect

against falling

objects and high-

voltage shock

and burns.

General service.

good impact

protection but

limited voltage

protection.

Description

N/A20000 Volt 3 Min.2200 Volt 1 Min.Electrical

Isolation

850 lb1000 lb850 lb1000 lb850 lb1000 lbImpact Resist

7/16 inch.3/8 inch.3/8 inch.Penetration

Resist

ANSI STANDARDS


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Eye Protection


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When must Eye Protection be Provided?

When any of these hazards are present: Dust and other flying particles, such as

metal shavings or sawdust

Corrosive gases, vapors, and liquids Molten metal that may splash

Potentially infectious materials such asblood or hazardous liquid chemicals that

may splash Intense light from welding and lasers

Shall meet ANSI Z87.1 specifications


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Eye ProtectionCriteria for Selection

Protects against specific hazard(s)

Comfortable to wear

Does not restrict vision or movement

Durable and easy to clean and disinfect

Does not interfere with the function of

other required PPE


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Eye Protection for Employees

Who Wear EyeglassesOrdinary glasses do not provide the required protection

Proper choices include:

Prescription glasses with side shields and protectivelenses

Goggles that fit comfortably over corrective glasseswithout disturbing the glasses

Goggles that incorporate corrective lenses mountedbehind protective lenses


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Safety Glasses

Made with metal/plastic safety frames Most operations require side shields

Used for moderate impact from particlesproduced by jobs such as carpentry,woodworking, grinding, and scaling


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Goggles

Protects eyes and area around the eyesfrom impact, dust, and splashes

Some goggles fit over corrective lenses


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Safety Goggles

Ventilation holes.

Ventilation valves.

No ventilation holes.complete sealed.


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Safety Goggles


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Laser Safety Goggles

Protects eyes from intense concentrationsof light produced by lasers


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Face Shields

Full face protection

Protects face from dusts and splashes or spraysof hazardous liquids

Does not protect from impact hazards

Wear safety glasses or goggles underneath


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Welding Shields

Protects eyes againstburns from radiantlight

Protects face and eyes

from flying sparks,metal spatter, & slagchips produced duringwelding, brazing,

soldering, and cuttingLenses are changeable

according to electrod

type & diameter.

Filter Lens Shade Number Guide


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Filter Lens Shade Number GuideWelding Operation Shade Number

Shield Metal Arc Welding up to 4 mm electrode 10

Shield Metal Arc Welding (4.8 to 6.4 mm) electrodes 12

Shield Metal Arc Welding (6.4 mm) electrode 14

Gas Metal Arc Welding (Nonferrous) 11

Gas Metal Arc Welding (ferrous) 12

Gas Tungsten Arc Welding 12

Carbon Arc Welding 10 14

Torch Soldering 2

Torch Brazing 3 or 4

Light cutting up to 25 mm 3 or 4

Medium cutting 25 to 150 mm 4 or 5

Heavy cutting over 150 mm 5 or 6

Gas welding (light) up to 3.2 4 or 5

Gas welding (medium) 3.2 to 12.7 5 or 6

Gas welding (heavy) over 12.7 6 or 8


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Hearing Protection


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Noise - Unwanted Sound Annoyance, Interfere with Speech orCommunication, and/or Cause Hearing Impairment.

Too much Noise damages the hair Cells in the Inner Ear.

Long Exposure to Noise can Cause Permanent Hearing

Loss.( no recovery). So it is highly recommended to use Hearing Protectors to reduce

noise to permissible level (less than 90 dB).

Hearing Protection


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Hearing Protection

When its not feasible

to reduce the noise or

its durationuse ear

protective devices

Ear protective devices

must be fitted

Plain cotton is not an

acceptable protective

device.


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When Must Hearing Protection

be Provided?After implementing engineering andwork practice controls

When an employees noise exposureexceeds an 8-hour time-weightedaverage (TWA) sound level of 90 dBA


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Earmuffs Earplugs Canal Caps

Examples of Hearing Protectors


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Ear Plugs

Mount into ear canal.

Foam, Molded, Pre-

Molded, or Custom

Reduce noise amount

of 20-30 dB.

Used in places with

85-115 dB Noise.


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Ear Muffs

Cover all the outer

ear.

Reduce noise amount

of 15-35 dB.

Used in places with

90-120 dB Noise.


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Foot Protection


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When Must Foot Protection be

Provided?

When any of these are present:

Heavy objects such as barrels or toolsthat might roll onto or fall on employees

feet Sharp objects such as nails or spikes that

might pierce ordinary shoes

Molten metal that might splash on feet

Hot or wet surfaces

Slippery surfaces


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Safety Shoes Impact-resistant toes and heat-

resistant soles protect against hotsurfaces common in roofing andpaving

Some have metal insoles to

protect against puncture wounds May be electrically conductive for

use in explosive atmospheres, ornonconductive to protect from

workplace electrical hazards Safety-toe footwear shall meet

ANSI Z41.1 specifications


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Hand Protection


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When Must Hand Protection be

Provided?

Burns

Bruises Abrasions

Cuts

Punctures

Fractures

Amputations

Chemical Exposures

When any of these are present:


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What Kinds of Protective

Gloves are Available?

Durable gloves made of metal mesh, leather, orcanvas

Protects from cuts, burns, heat

Fabric and coated fabric gloves

Protects from dirt and abrasion

Chemical and liquid resistant gloves

Protects from burns, irritation, and dermatitis

Rubber gloves

Protects from cuts, lacerations, and abrasions


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Buty l provides thehighest permeation

resistance to gas or watervapors

Types of Rubber Gloves

Nitr i le protects againstsolvents, harshchemicals, fats andpetroleum products andalso provides excellent

resistance to cuts andabrasions.


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Kevlarprotects against

cuts, slashes, and

abrasion

Stainless s teel mesh

protects against cuts

and lacerations

Other Types of Gloves


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Body Protection


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Major Causes of Body Injuries

Intense heat

Splashes of hot metals and other hotliquids

Impacts from tools, machinery, andmaterials

Cuts

Hazardous chemicals

Radiation

B d P t ti


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Body ProtectionCriteria for Selection

Provide protective clothing for parts of thebody exposed to possible injury

Types of body protection:

Vests

Aprons

Jackets

Coveralls

Full body suits

Coveralls


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Sleeves and Apron

Body Protection

Full Body Suit

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Summary

Assess the workplace for hazards

Use engineering and work practice controls toeliminate or reduce hazards before using PPE

Select appropriate PPE to protect employees fromhazards that cannot be eliminated

Inform employees why the PPE is necessary, howand when it must be worn

Train employees how to use and care for their PPE,

including how to recognize deterioration and failure Require employees to wear selected PPE

Employers must implement a PPE program where they:

risk control and ppe

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