risk assessment, pathway analysis report, revision 1 · pathway analysis report gallups quarry...

Remedial Planning Activities S°MS 3947

at Selected Uncontrolled Hazardous Substance Disposal /; Sites in Region I

Environmental Protection Agency Region I

ARCS Work Assignment No. 23-1LB7

Risk Assessment Gallups Quarry Superfund Site Plainfield, Connecticut

Pathway Analysis Report Revision 1.0

November 1995

TAMS Consultants, Inc. TRC PEI Associates, Inc. Jordan Communicatioi Companies, Inc.

MSK/l/D

PATHWAY ANALYSIS REPORT GALLUPS QUARRY SUPERFUND SITE

PLAINFIELD, CONNECTICUT RISK ASSESSMENT - REVISION 1.0

Prepared for

U.S. ENVIRONMENTAL PROTECTION AGENCY Waste Management Division

JFK Federal Building Boston, Massachusetts 02203

Work Assignment No.: 23-1LB7 EPA Region: I Contract No.: 68-W9-0033 TRCC Document No.: L95-266 TRCC Project No.: 1-636-024-0-1LB7-4 TRCC Project Manager: Susan Stoloff TRCC Telephone No.: (508) 970-5600 x 3588 EPA Work Assignment Manager: Leslie McVickar Telephone No.: (617) 573-9689 Date Prepared: November 6,1995

TRC COMPANIES, INC. Boott Mills South

Foot of John Street Lowell, Massachusetts 01852

(508) 970-5600

TABLE OF CONTENTS

Section Page

1.0 INTRODUCTION 1 1.1 Objective 1 1.2 Background Information 1

2.0 DATA SOURCES, EVALUATION, AND STATISTICAL ANALYSIS 2

3.0 HUMAN HEALTH ASSESSMENT 4 3.1 Selection of Contaminants of Concern 4 3.2 Toxicity Values 4 3.3 Selection of Exposure Pathways 5 3.4 Exposure Parameters 10

4.0 ECOLOGICAL RISK ASSESSMENT 10 4.1 Selection of Contaminants of Concern 10 4.2 Selection of Indicator Species 12 4.3 Selection of Exposure Pathways 12 4.4 Risk Characterization 13

5.0 REFERENCES 14

Appendices Page

A Summary Statistics A-l B Normality Tests B-l

TABLES

Number Page

1 Sample Analysis Inventory 15 2 Contaminants of Concern - Human Health Evaluation 18 3 Human Health Toxicity Criteria 20 4 Gallups Quarry Superfund Site: Summary of Exposure Pathways 21 5 Exposure Pathway: Ingestion of Ground Water by Resident for

Future Scenario 24 6 Exposure Pathway: Incidental Ingestion of Surface Soils by Trespasser for

Present and Future Scenarios 25 7 Exposure Pathway: Dermal Contact with Surface Soils by Trespasser for

Present and Future Scenarios 26

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TABLE OF CONTENTS (CONTINUED)

Number Page

8 Exposure Pathway: Incidental Ingestion of Surface Soils by Site Employee for Future Scenario 28

9 Exposure Pathway: Dermal Contact with Surface Soils by Site Employee for Future Scenario 29

10 Exposure Pathway: Incidental Ingestion of Soils by Excavation Worker for Future Scenario 31

11 Exposure Pathway: Dermal Contact with Soils by Excavation Worker for Future Scenario 32

12 Exposure Pathway: Incidental Ingestion of Sediments by Trespasser for Present and Future Scenarios 34

13 Exposure Pathway: Dermal Contact with Sediments by Trespasser for Present and Future Scenarios 35

14 Exposure Pathway: Dermal Contact with Surface Water by Trespasser for Present and Future Scenarios 37

15 Selection of Surface Water Contaminants of Concern Ecological Assessment 39

16 Selection of Sediment Contaminants of Concern - Ecological Risk Assessment 40

17 Selection of Wetland Sediment Contaminants of Concern 43 18 Contaminants of Concern - Ecological Assessment 44

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1.0 INTRODUCTION

TRC Companies, Inc. (TRCC), under Work Assignment 23-1LB7 of U.S. Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) Contract 68-W9-0033, is conducting a baseline human health and ecological risk assessment to support EPA enforcement activities related to the Remedial Investigation (RI) at the Gallups Quarry Super-fund site (Gallups Quarry), Plainfield, Connecticut. Data collected by the responsible party's consultant, Environmental Science & Engineering, Inc. (ESE) during the Initial Site Characterization - Phase 1A and Phase IB will be used by TRCC to perform the risk assessment.

1.1 Objective

As part of this work assignment, TRCC was tasked with preparing a Pathway Analysis Report to enable the EPA to review and agree upon TRCC's proposed inputs and assumptions prior to the development of the Draft Risk Assessment Report. The Pathway Analysis Report presents the following information:

• inventory of all sample analysis data used to create the risk assessment database;

• summary statistics, by medium, for all sample analysis data to be evaluated in the risk assessment;

• selected contaminants of concern and associated toxicity values;

• summary of exposure pathways and exposure scenarios for both human and ecological receptors; and

• exposure parameters to be used in the calculation of dose estimates for the human health assessment.

The above information and the methodologies used in the development and selection of all input data are briefly summarized in the following sections: 2.0 Data Sources, Evaluation, and Statistical Analysis; 3.0 Human Health Risk Assessment; 4.0 Ecological Risk Assessment; and 5.0 Issues. Supporting tables are presented at the end of the report.

1.2 Background Information

The Pathway Analysis Report was developed primarily based on the following information:

• EPA Region I and Headquarters risk assessment guidance (see references);

• Phase 1 A-Work Plan Remedial Investigation/Feasibility Study (ESE, 1994);

• Phase 1A - Initial Site Characterization Report (ESE, 1995);

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• Phase 1A sampling results from ESE, provided to TRCC on computer diskette;

• discussions and correspondences with EPA Region I personnel.

2.0 DATA SOURCES, EVALUATION, AND STATISTICAL ANALYSIS

The environmental data used to create the risk assessment database consists of sample analysis data collected as part of the Phase 1A Initial Site Characterization conducted by ESE during the fall of 1994 and the winter of 1995. The data was provided to TRCC on computer diskette. TRCC reviewed the electronic data to ensure that all data expected had been provided and in the proper format.

Table 1 of this report, Sample Analysis Inventory, lists the sample analysis data provided and used to develop the risk assessment database as well as the sample groupings. The summary statistics generated based on this database are presented in Appendix A of this report. In generating these summary statistics, validation qualifiers were treated according to EPA guidance (EPA, 1989a). Rejected samples ("R" qualifiers) were not included in the database for the risk assessment. Non-detect results ("U" qualifiers) were included only if other results for a given chemical in particular medium/area indicated the chemical was present. In these instances, half the reported sample quantitation limit was used. Estimated results, usually indicated by a "J" qualifier, were included in summary statistics.

In most cases, the results of duplicate samples were averaged. The resulting value was the arithmetic mean of positive results or the arithmetic mean of reported detection limits if both samples were non-detects. Conservatively, if one duplicate sample was a positive result and the other a negative result, the positive result was used.

The summary statistic tables presented in Appendix A list frequency of detection, number of samples analyzed (excluding rejected samples), the lowest and highest detected concentrations, the arithmetic mean concentration, the upper 95-percent confidence limit of the mean (95% UCL), and the lowest and highest detection limits for non-detects. All data were analyzed using SAS™, a widely-used statistical software package (SAS Institute Inc., 1988). (Note: The 95% Upper Confidence Limit on the mean for ground water sample analysis results will not be used in the quantitative risk assessment and will not be included in Draft Risk Assessment Report.)

As agreed with EPA-New England, risk calculations for the "reasonable maximum exposure" (RME) scenarios involving soil and sediment contaminants will be based on either the 95% UCL of the mean concentration or the maximum concentration; whichever value is lower (surface water will be assessed qualitatively). The 95% UCL was obtained using the method developed by Land (1975) as described by Gilbert (1987). This method is preferred for log normally distributed data. Environmental data sets are typically a symmetrical and can often be transformed to be approximately Gaussion in distribution by using a logarithmic transformation

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(Gilbert, 1987). Normality tests performed on the data sets for several selected site contaminants are presented in Appendix B and support the assumption of lognormal distribution.

The equation used to calculate the 95% UCL concentration is:

95% UCL = exp [ + 0.5(s2) + (s)(H)(n-l)!/2]

where:

exp = inverse natural log function; = arithmetic mean of log-transformed data;

s2 = variance of the mean; s = standard deviation; H = H statistic (Land, 1975); and n = sample size (number of samples analyzed).

The H statistic for the above equation is dependant on sample size n and the standard deviation s. Land (1975) provides tables of H values for representative values of n and s. As recommended by Land, values of H not appearing in the tables were derived by cubic (fourpoint Lagrangian) interpolation (Hornbeck, 1975).

The sample groupings listed on Table 1 were determined based on conversations with the EPA RPM and TRCC's review with available site reports. These groupings are listed below:

Media Grouping

Ground Water Ground Water Drinking Water Background Ground Water Off-Site Ground Water

Soils Surface Soils (0-2' depth) Subsurface Soils (2-15' depth) Surface/Subsurface Soils (surface and subsurface combined)* Deep soils (>15' depths) Background Subsurface Soils Background Deep Soils

Sediments Site-Related Sediments Site Wetland Sediments** Site Brook Sediments** Northern Sediments Fry Brook Sediment

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Stream/Pond Sediment Background East Sediment Background West Sediment

Surface Water Site-Related Surface Water Northern Surface Water Fry Brook Surface Water Stream/Pond Surface Water Background East Surface Water

*Surface/subsurface soil grouping is comprised of both surface and subsurface soil groupings. ** Site-related sediments grouping is comprised of both site wetland sediments and site brook sediment groupings.

3.0 HUMAN HEALTH ASSESSMENT

3.1 Selection of Contaminants of Concern

The concentration of a contaminant and its toxicity were considered in the selection of COCs. Toxicity data (carcinogenic potential, slope factors, and reference doses) were used to access relative toxicities. In general, the most toxic contaminants and contaminants detected at high concentrations were selected as COCs. In accordance with EPA-New England policy, any ground water contaminant detected at concentrations greater than the Federal MCLs or Connecticut Drinking Water Standards were automatically retained as COCs. As direcced by EPA-New England, contaminants detected at maximum concentrations below applicable Risk-Based Concentrations (RBCs) presented on the EPA Region m July 11, 1994 RBC table, Third Quarter 1994, were deleted. Contaminants for which RBCs were not available were retained as COCs. In addition, the common human nutrients calcium, magnesium, potassium, and sodium were eliminated from further consideration as COCs in all media due to their low toxicities. The exclusion rationale for all detected contaminants eliminated from further evaluation is presented in the database summary statistics in Appendix A. Table 2 presents those chemicals retained as COCs. The method used was conservative and resulted in the inclusion of the most toxic contaminants.

All chemicals retained as COCs will be evaluated in the risk assessment; however, only those COCs with relevant toxicity values will be evaluated quantitatively. COCs lacking toxicity values will be evaluated qualitatively. The following section provides farther discussion on toxicity values.

3.2 Toxicity Values

Toxicity values were obtained from the following sources; listed in descending order of use:

• Integrated Risk Information System (IRIS)

• Health Effects Assessment Summary Tables, (HEAST) and

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• previous communications with EPA's Environmental Criteria and Assessment Office (ECAO).

A summary of the relevant toxicity values for all COCs used in the risk assessment appears in Table 3. The table contains the EPA weight-of-evidence classification, available slope factors for evaluating carcinogenic risks, and chronic reference doses (RfDs) for evaluating noncarcinogenic risks. Interim toxicity values previously obtained from ECAO are also included in this table for certain chemicals for which values were not available in IRIS or HEAST.

Please note that EPA toxicity values are not available for the following COCs:

acenapthylene 2-methylnapthalene endosulfan sulfate endrin ketone aluminum iron

Risk due to exposure to detected concentrations of lead will be evaluated using the Integrated Exposure Uptake/Biokinetic (IEUBK) model, version 0.99. This model examines exposures for the most sensitive members of the population, assumed to be children between ages of 0.5 and 6 years. The oral slope factor for all Aroclor species is based on the Aroclor 1260 study. The RfD for all Aroclor species is based on the Aroclor 1016 study.

3.3 Selection of Exposure Pathways

The physical characteristics of the site were examined in order to adequately assess the pathways by which human receptors may become exposed to site contaminants. Exposure scenarios were then developed with consideration of demographics, land use, and human behavior patterns. A summary of the exposure pathways considered for quantitative and qualitative analysis and the site data to be used for the analyses are presented in Table 4. The pathways considered include the following:

Ingestion of ground water, Dermal contact with ground water, Inhalation of volatilized ground water contaminants, Inhalation of contaminants that volatilize from ground water and seep into basements, Incidental ingestion of soil, Dermal contact with soil, Inhalation of volatile/particulate soil emissions, Incidental ingestion of sediments,

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• Dermal contact with sediments, • Incidental ingestion of surface water, and • Dermal contact with surface water.

The following paragraphs discuss exposure pathways by media. All information presented was compiled from the Phase 1A Work Plan Remedial Investigation/Feasibility Study (ESE, 1994), Phase 1A Initial Site Characterization Report (ESE, 1995) and ESE Phase 1A Sampling Results provided to TRCC on diskette.

Ground Water: The three known areas of disposal at the Gallups Quarry site are the Former Primary Drum Disposal Area, the Former Secondary Drum Disposal Area, and the Former Seepage Bed Area. Overburden and bedrock ground water flow south of the Former Seepage Bed Area is primarily east to west while overburden and bedrock ground water flow in the northern portion of the Gallups Quarry property is primarily towards the northwest.

The average depth to the water table at most areas of the Quarry is approximately 15 feet below ground surface. However, depth to the water table in the vicinity of the Primary Disposal Pit is approximately 5 feet, and approximately 10 feet in the Secondary Disposal Area. Water level measurements collected to date indicate that the ground water is generally discharging from bedrock into the overburden. Vertical flow in the overburden aquifer is important in two isolated areas: (1) downward flow in shallow deposits beneath the Former Primary Disposal Area, (2) upward flow within the bed sediments of Mill Brook and the upper portion of the aquifer near the brook. Ground water appears to discharge into Mill Brook and its tributaries.

Ground water that is located upgradient from the known disposal areas (the southern portion of the property) is classified by the State of Connecticut as "GA" and is presumed to be suitable for direct human consumption without the need of treatment. Due to the contaminants disposed of at the Gallups Quarry and other potential industrial sources, the ground water located downgradient (the northern portion of the property) of the known disposal areas is classified by the State as "GB/GA" and may not be suitable for direct human consumption without prior treatment. The state maintains a general goal to restore ground water classified as GA or GB/GA to drinking water quality.

A total of twelve VOCs, 11 BNAs and 21 inorganics were detected in site ground water during the ESE Phase 1A sampling program. Of these, a total of six VOCs (1,1-dichloroethene, 1,2dichloroethene, 1,2-dichloropropane, tetrachloroethene, trichloroethene, and vinyl chloride) three BNAs (1,4-dichlorobenzene, phenanthrene, and bis(2-ethylhexyl)phthalate) and ten inorganic elements (aluminum, antimony, arsenic, beryllium, cadmium, chromium, iron, lead, manganese, and zinc) were selected as COCs. The maximum detected concentrations of 1,1-dichloroethene (20 //g/L), 1,2-dichloroethene (1,100 Mg/L), tetrachloroethene (30 Mg/L), trichloroethene (30 jug/L), vinyl chloride (120 Atg/L), antimony (28.7 jug/L), cadmium (5.2 fj.g/L), chromium

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(53.8 Mg/L), iron (39,400 Mg/L), lead (93.5 ^g/L), and zinc (185,000 ^g/L) exceeded Federal Contaminant Levels (MCLs) and/or Connecticut Enforcement Standards.

Data collected during the Phase 1A study indicate that tetrachloroethene (PCE) detections in the downgradient portion of the plume may be attributable, in part, to contaminant migration from the former Pervel Flock plant located north of the site and Mill Brook. Additional data will be collected during the Phase IB study to further assess the extent and migration of PCE contamination at and north of the site plume.

Ground water samples were also collected from upgradient background monitoring wells in the southern portion of the site and two off-site wells located southwest of the site (west of the railroad tracks). With the exception of chromium, all inorganics selected as COCs were detected at the highest concentrations in site ground water samples. Chromium, which was reported at a maximum concentration of 53.8 ug/L in site ground water, was reported at a maximum concentration of 55.6 ug/L in "off-site ground water."

According to the Phase 1A Work Plan Remedial Investigation/Feasibility Study (ESE, 1994) 6,500 people within a 3-mile radius of Gallup's Quarry rely on ground water as their primary source of potable water. Ground water is supplied by small water companies, community wells (which serve apartment complexes and trailer parks), and private wells. Ground water is accessed by dug, driven, and drilled wells in the sand and gravel, till and bedrock aquifers. The nearest wells to Gallup's Quarry are private wells used by houses east of the site along Route 12. There are three community water companies located within a 1-mile radius of the site. These water companies include the Gallup Water Company (0.76 miles north of the site); the Brookside Water Company (0.76 miles northeast of the site); and the Glen Acres (0.4 miles west of the site).

During the ESE Phase 1A sampling program, twelve drinking water well samples collected from neighboring residences located south of the site were analyzed for VOCs, BNAs, pesticides and PCBs, and inorganics. 1,1,1-Trichloroethane, chloroform, bis(2-ethylhexyl) phthalate, alpha-chlordane, and gamma-chlordane were detected in one to two samples at concentrations below applicable federal and state drinking water standards. These wells are all upgradient of the site and site plume. The results of the hydrogeologic studies conducted during the Initial Site Characterization indicate that the trace concentrations detected in these wells are not attributable to site contamination but to localized sources.

Current data indicates that the site poses no present ground water exposure (via ingestion) because nearby water supplies have not been impacted by the site and the site is currently not being utilized for residential or industrial purposes. Future residential development of the quarry and within the area covered by the site plume is considered unlikely because the site is currently zoned for industrial use by the Town of Plainfield, a large portion of the site is wetlands, and an active railway runs through the center of the site. However, it is reasonable to assume that this

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area may be developed for commercial or industrial use in the future. Therefore, future potential ingestion of ground water under an industrial/commercial exposure scenario is considered an exposure pathway for the quantitative risk assessment. Due to the shorter exposure duration associated with inhalation and dermal contact exposures to future potential workers, these pathways are expected to pose less risk and will be evaluated qualitatively.

Soils:

During the Phase 1A Sampling Program, 30 surface and subsurface soil samples were collected and analyzed. These samples were collected from the three known disposal areas. Eleven VOCs, 21 BNAs, 10 pesticides and PCBs, and 23 inorganics were detected. Four BNAs (2methylnapthalene, benzo(g,h,i)perylene, phenanthrene, and bis(2-ethylhexyl)phthalate), PCBs (Aroclor 1242,1248,1254, and 1260) and four inorganics (aluminum, beryllium, iron and lead) were selected as COCs.

The quarry is an undeveloped vacant parcel. Boulders and mounded soil were placed at access locations to limit public access to the Gallups Quarry property. However, evidence of off-road vehicle tire tracks and trash (beverage cans, bottles, spent shotgun shell casings) indicate that the property has been used by off-road vehicle drivers, hikers, and fire-arms enthusiasts. Additional boulders, fencing, and warning signs were installed in August 1994 in an attempt to further limit public access.

While access to the site is restricted, current site trespassers may come in contact with contaminated surface soils associated with the former disposal areas. As a result, current exposure of trespassers to contaminated surface soils via incidental ingestion and dermal contact will be quantitatively evaluated in the risk assessment. As stated above, future residential development of the site is considered unlikely because the site is currently zoned for industrial use, a large portion of the site is wetlands and an active railway runs through the center of the site. Therefore, although future development for commercial/industrial use may occur; future development for residential use appears unlikely. Future site excavation workers or site employees may be exposed if the site is developed or operations at the quarry are resumed. Therefore, exposure of future site employees and excavation workers to contaminated soils via incidental ingestion and dermal contact will also be quantitatively evaluated in the risk assessment. Inhalation exposure of current trespassers, and future site employees and excavation workers to paniculate and volatile emissions from soils will be evaluated qualitatively for the Draft Risk Assessment. The need for a quantitative evaluation will be assessed after Phase IB ah- monitoring data becomes available.

Sediments and Surface Water: The Gallups Quarry property is located within the Mill Brook local drainage basin and the Quinebaug Regional drainage basin. Surface water and shallow ground water from the quarry enters Mills Brook through ground water discharge (45 percent of the water that enters Mill Brook), and through direct surface runoff (55 percent of the water that enters Mill Brook). Mill Brook flows into the Quinebaug Reservoir. Reservoir Brook, Lathrop

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Brook, and Fry Brook are major tributaries to Mill Brook. There are several potential sources of pollution located upstream of the Gallups Quarry site along Mill Brook, as well as north of the Fry Brook/Mill Brook confluence which is downgradient of the quarry. The quarry is located in a 100-year flood zone.

The portion of Mill Brook that is associated with the Gallups Quarry is classified as "B/A." This indicates that the surface water quality may not be meeting water quality criteria for one or more designated uses as a class "A" stream. Designated uses for class "A" streams include potential drinking water supply, fish and wildlife habitat, recreation, agricultural and industrial supply, and other legitimate uses including navigation. The Connecticut Department of Environmental Protection (CTDEP) reportedly stocks Mill Brook with hatchery raised trout.

During the Phase 1A ESE Sampling Program, two site-related surface water samples were collected from Mill Brook and analyzed. Two VOCs and five inorganics were detected. Two of these contaminants were selected as COCs. In addition, eight site related sediment samples were collected from site wetlands and the Mill Brook and analyzed for VOCs, BNAs, Pesticides/PCBs, and inorganics. A total of six BNAs (2-methylnapthalene, acenaphthylene, benzo(a)pyrene, benzo(g,h,i)perylene, dibenzofuran, and phenanthrene), four pesticides/PCBs (Aroclor 1254 and 1260, endosulfan sulfate, and endrin ketone), and four inorganics (aluminum, beryllium, iron, and lead) were selected as COCs.

The stream system is stocked and reportedly used by fishermen. Because insufficient toxicity information exists for the two COCs identified for site surface water, current and future potential exposures to site contaminants in this media can be evaluated only qualitatively. Future quarterly data may indicate, however, that a quantitative assessment is needed. The current and future exposure of trespassers (fishermen) to site sediments and surface water via dermal contact and incidental ingestion (sediments only) is possible and will be quantitatively evaluated in the risk assessment.

Air: Data generated from soil boring and soil-gas sampling at the former primary and secondary disposal areas, indicate elevated concentrations of VOCs, inorganics and PCBs (see above section on soil). There are no existing analytical data on air quality at the site. Since disposal ceased in early 1978, it is unlikely that significant amounts of VOCs have been discharged to the air. However, VOCs in shallow soil gas from the primary and secondary disposal areas could be migrating to the ambient air. Exposures to airborne dust contaminated with PCBs and inorganics may be more persistent considering the use of the quarry by off-road recreational vehicles.

As mentioned in the above sections, all inhalation pathways will be evaluated qualitatively unless Phase IB air monitoring data reveals the need to perform a quantitative evaluation.

Biota: The site does not provide suitable waterfowl habitat. Although the site may provide suitable habitat for game species such as the white-tailed deer, exposure is expected to be limited as the site provides only a small portion of a deer's home range area. As a result, exposure to

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hunters to contaminated biota is expected to be insignificant. While recreational fishing does occur, given the small size of the site, subsistence fishing is unlikely to be occurring. In addition, the fish species possibly caught for human consumption are mobile and may be only minimally impacted by site contamination reaching a small area of the stream. Potential exposures to biota will be qualitatively evaluated.

3.4 Exposure Parameters

The parameters to be used to calculate exposure doses are summarized in Tables 5 through 14. The tables correspond to the scenarios presented in Table 4. The parameters are summarized only for those scenarios that are to be evaluated quantitatively.

Values used for exposure parameters generally reflect reasonable maximum assumptions. EPA-New England guidance values (EPA, 1989a; EPA, 1994b) were used where available. If the guidance was not prescriptive, the following sources were used: Risk Assessment Guidance for Superfund (RAGS), Volume I (EPA, 1989b), Human Health Evaluation Manual, Supplemental Guidance: Standard Default Exposure Factors (EPA, 1991), Dermal Exposure Assessment: Principles and Applications (EPA, 1992), Superfund Exposure Assessment Manual (EPA, 1988), The Exposure Factors Handbook (EPA, 1989c).

4.0 ECOLOGICAL RISK ASSESSMENT

A characterization of the aquatic and terrestrial habitats present on the Gallups Quarry site and an identification of potential ecological receptors will be presented in the ecological risk assessment. The habitat characterization and identification of receptor species will be based on information provided in the Initial Site Characterization Report (ESE, 1995), Habitat Characterization (USFWS, 1995), and various literature sources. The following discussion identifies environmental contaminants of concern, wildlife receptors, potential exposure pathways, and other aspects of the methodology proposed to conduct the ecological risk assessment.

4.1 Selection of Contaminants of Concern

The COCs were selected based on the following criteria: contaminant concentration; toxicity to aquatic biota; frequency of detection; upgradient concentration (only for inorganic contaminants lacking appropriate toxicity benchmarks); and consideration of the chemical and physical properties of organic contaminants that determine their mobility, persistence, and tendency to bioaccumulate in the environment.

A discussion of the data groupings considered and COC selection rationale is presented below. Table 15 details the selection of COCs for surface water; Table 16 presents selection of sediment contaminants of concern; and Table 17 presents wetland soil contaminants of concern. Table 18 provides a summary of VOCs selected by media.

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Surface Water: Surface water results were assessed for all samples collected downgradient of the site in Mill Brook and Packers Pond. Surface water samples were placed into two groups: Site-Related Surface Water (the upper portion of Mill Brook) (UB-SW-09 and UB-SW-10), and Stream/Pond Surface Water (the lower portion of Mill Brook/Packers Pond) (LB-SW-1, LBSW-02, PP-SW-1, and PP-SW-2). These subgroups were used due to the inflow of Fry Brook (representing additional contaminant sources) into the lower portion of Mill Brook. Surface waters are likely to be present throughout the year at each sampling location. Surface water samples obtained from Mill Brook, upgradient of potential contamination sources at the site, represent background conditions (UB-SW-01, UB-SW-02, and UB-SW-4) and comprise the Background East Surface Water sample group. The surface water sample collected from Fry Brook (FB-SW-01) was also used as an upgradient sample for the lower Mill Brook/Packer Pond surface water sample subset. No COCs were selected for the Site-Related Surface Water sampling group. The two organic contaminants (1,2-dichloroethene and 1,1,1-trichloroethane) and five inorganic elements (aluminum, barium, iron, manganese, and potassium) detected were eliminated as COCs due to low reported concentrations below applicable chronic toxicity benchmarks. Four inorganic contaminants (aluminum, chromium, iron, and lead) were retained as COCs for the Stream/Pond Surface Water sample group. The remaining eight inorganic elements and four organic contaminants were eliminated as COCs for this surface water sampling group due to low detected concentrations below applicable toxicity benchmarks.

Sediments: Sediment sampling data were grouped and assessed in the same manner as surface water data. A total of 11 organic contaminants (9 PAHs and 2 pesticides) were retained as COCs for the Site Brook Sediment (upper Mill Brook) sample group. The remaining 11 organic contaminants were eliminated as COCs due to low detected concentrations below applicable sediment guideline values. The 12 inorganic elements detected were eliminated as COCs due to low concentrations below sediment guidelines or upgradient concentrations (if guideline value unavailable). A total of 17 organic contaminants (11 PAHs, 4 pesticides, and 2 PCB aroclors) and 13 inorganic contaminants were retained as COCs for the Stream/Pond Sediment sample group (lower Mill Brook/Packers Pond sediment). The remaining 13 organic contaminants and 8 inorganic elements were eliminated as COCs due to low concentrations (below sediment guidelines), upgradient concentrations (inorganics lacking an applicable guideline), or low toxicity (essential nutrients).

Wetland Sediments: Sediment/soil samples were collected from wetlands located on the site. Wetland sediments contaminants of concern will be assessed by modeling risk to potential receptor species for the ecological risk assessment. COCs were selected by evaluating bioaccumulation potential and comparing concentrations detected in the Site Wetland sediments samples (QW-SD-01 through QW-SD-6) with background wetland sediments (QW-SD-7 through QW-SD-10) (Background West Sediment sample group). Organic contaminants having the potential to bioaccumulate were retained as COCs. Contaminants with low octanol: water partition coefficients (K^,) are unlikely to bioaccumulate. Organic compounds with log K,,w values below 2.5 rarely present a bioaccumulation problem in plants or animals and were not retained as COCs (Walton et al., 1989). A total of 22 organic contaminants were retained as

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COCs while 4 contaminants (3 VOCs and 4-methylphenoI) were not retained as COCs. Inorganics were selected as COCs based on comparing detected concentrations with background concentrations. A total of four inorganic contaminants (antimony, beryllium, lead, and silver) were retained as COCs for site wetland sediments while 16 inorganics were eliminated as COCs.

4.2 Selection of Indicator Species

Information obtained from the Site Characterization Report (ESE, 1995), Habitat Characterization (USFWS, 1995), and literature sources will be used to generate a list of potential receptor species that may inhabit the site or immediate vicinity. Indicator species will then be selected based on the following:

• species that are endangered, threatened, or of special concern;

• species that are of economic or recreational importance;

• species that are important to the structure and function of the ecosystem which they inhabit; and

• species that are particularly indicative of ecological change and/or susceptible to adverse effects from contaminants present on the site.

In addition, selected indicator species need to have toxicity benchmarks available to them or from closely related species (at least in the same taxonomic class).

Indicator species will only be identified for wetland habitats present on the site. Tentatively identified indicator species for this site are the deer mouse (Peromyscus maniculatus), short-tailed shrew (Blarina brevicauda), and American woodcock (Scolopax minor).

4.3 Selection of Exposure Pathways

Ecological receptors inhabiting the site or vicinity may potentially be exposed to COCs through the following pathways:

• contact with and/or ingestion of surface water and sediment contaminants;

• ingestion of wetland surface soil contaminants; and

• ingestion of contaminated biota in the food chain.

Based on measured concentrations and comparison to known toxicity thresholds, exposures to surface water, sediments, and food chain pathways (in wetland sediments) appear to represent

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significant pathways by which contaminants may affect biota. Each of these exposure pathways will be evaluated as described in Section 4.4.

4.4 Risk Characterization

Surface water and sediment contaminant concentrations will be evaluated by calculating risk indices for contaminants where applicable criteria/guidelines are available. A draft risk index for each COC will be calculated by comparing exposure point concentrations (mean and maximum concentrations measured) to the available criterion/guideline. If criteria/guidelines are unavailable, literature toxicity values will be obtained by conducting a review of the literature (e.g., the AQUIRE database). Exceedance of AWQC, sediment guidelines (NOAA/MOE), or literature toxicity values will be identified for each sampling station in order to characterize spatial contaminant trends. Additional toxicity data will be provided and discussed in the ecological risk assessment for contaminants exceeding AWQC or a reference toxicity value. In addition, dissolved inorganic surface water concentrations will also be evaluated for inorganics exceeding AWQC based on total recoverable concentrations of inorganics.

TRCC also proposes to model exposure to appropriate indicator species (e.g., deer mouse, short-tailed shrew, and American woodcock) in order in assess potential impacts from food chain transfer of contaminants within the wetlands. Risk indices will be calculated using dose estimates and toxicity values available from the literature for each COC.

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5.0 REFERENCES

EPA. 1988. Superfund Exposure Assessment Manual. Office of Remedial Response. EPA 540/1-88/001, OSWER Directive 9285.5-1. April 1988.

EPA. 1989a. Supplemental Risk Assessment Guidance for the Superfund Program. Draft Final. U.S. EPA Region I. EPA 901/5-89-001. June 1989.

EPA. 1989b. Risk Assessment Guidance for Superfund, Volume I, Human Health Evaluation Manual (Part A). Interim Final. Office of Emergency and Remedial Response. EPA 540/189/002. December 1989.

EPA. 1989c. Exposure Factors Handbook. Office of Health and Environmental Assessment. EPA 600/8-89/043. August 1989.

EPA. 1991. Human Health Evaluation Manual, Supplemental Guidance: Standard Default Exposure Factors. Office of Solid Waste and Emergency Response. OSWER Directive 9285.603. March 1991.

EPA. 1992. Dermal Exposure Assessment: Principles and Applications. Interim Report. Office of Research and Development. January 1992.

ESE. 1994. Work Plan - Phase 1A. Remedial Investigation/Feasibility Study. Gallups Quarry Superfund Project. Plainfield, Connecticut. August 29, 1994.

ESE. 1995. Phase 1A Initial Site Characterization Report. Gallups Quarry Superfund Project. Plainfield, Connecticut. May 19, 1995.

EPA, 1994a. Risk-Based Concentration Table, Third Quarter, 1994. Memo from Roy L. Smith, Ph.D., Senior lexicologist. Technical Support Section (3HN13). U.S. EPA Region HI. Philadelphia, PA. July 11, 1994.

EPA, 1994b. Risk Update, U.S. EPA Region I. Waste Management Division, Number 2, August 1994.

Gilbert, 1987. Statistical Methods for Environmental Pollution Monitoring, Richard O. Gilbert, Van Nostrand Reinhold Company, New York. 1987.

USFWS, 1995. Habitat Characterization for Gallup's Quarry Superfund Site. Plainfield, Connecticut. U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service. New England Office. March 1995.

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I

TABLE 1. SAMPLE ANALYSIS INVENTORY- GALLUPS QUARRY RISK ASSESSMENT

MASTER LIST OF GROUPINGS, SAMPLE NUMBERS, AND ANALYSES FOR THE GALLUPS QUARRY RISK ASSESSMENT

Pest/ Sample Grouping Sample Number VOCs SVOCs PCBs Inorganics

HMtiund Water MW101S/GW X X X X Ground Water MW101T/GW X X X X Ground Water MW101TT/GW X X X X Ground Water MW102S/GW X X X X Ground Water MW102TT/GW X X X Ground Water MW103S/GW X X X X Ground Water MW103TT/GW X X X X Ground Water MW104S/GW X X X X Ground Water MW104S/GW/DP X X X X Ground Water MW104TT/GW X X X X Ground Water MW105B/GW X X X X Ground Water MW105S/GW X X X X Ground Water MW105T/GW X X X X Ground Water MW105TT/GW X X X X Ground Water • MW106S/GW X X X X Ground Water y' MW106TT7GW X X X Ground Water MW107B/GW X X X X Ground Water MW107B/GW/DP X X X X Ground Water MW107S/GW X X X X Ground Water MW107T/GW X X X X Ground Water MW107TT/GW X X X X Ground Water MW108B/GW X X X Ground Water MW108S/GW X X X X Ground Water MW108TT/GW X X X X Ground Water MW111B/GW X X X X Ground Water MW113B/GW X X X X Ground Water MW113S/GW X X X X Ground Water MW116S/GW X X X X •" -jnd Water MW116T/GW X X X fe^jund Water MW116T/GW/DP X X X Ground Water SW-9/GW X X X X Ground Water SW10/GW X X X X Ground Water SW12/GW X X X X Drinking Water DW-105/GW X X X X Drinking Water DW-109/GW X X X X Drinking Water DW-110/GW X X X X Drinking Water DW-114/GW X X X X Drinking Water DW102/GW X X X X Drinking Water DW103/GW X X X X drinking Water DW104/GW X X X X Drinking Water DW104/GW/DP X X X X Drinking Water DW106/GW X X X X Drinking Water DW107/GW X X X X Drinking Water DW108/GW X X X X Drinking Water DW111/GW X X X X Drinking Water DW113/GW X X X X Background Ground Water MW-112B/GW X X X X Background Ground Water MW-112T/GW X X X X Background Ground Water MW109B/GW X X X X Background Ground Water MW109S/GW X X X X Background Ground Water MW110S/GW X X X X Background Ground Water MW112S/GW X X X X Off-site Ground Water MW-114S/GW X X X X Off-site Ground Water MW114TT/GW X X X X Off-site Ground Water MW115B/GW X X X X Off-site Ground Water MW115S/GW X X X X Off-site Ground Water MW115TT/GW X X X X P Jace Soils SB101SSS10 X X X X ,̂ ace Soils SB102SSS10 X X X X Surface Soils SB103SSS10 X X X X Surface Soils SB104SSS10 X X X X

15

II

SVOCs X X X X X X X X X

X

X X

X

X

X X X

X

X

X X X

X

X

X

X X

X

X X

X X X

X X X X X X

Sample Grouping lyrfOrface Soils

Surface Soils Surface Soils Surface Soils Surface Soils Surface Soils Surface Soils Surface Soils Subsurface Soils Subsurface Soils Subsurface Soils Subsurface Soils Subsurface Soils Subsurface Soils Subsurface Soils Subsurface Soils Subsurface Soils Subsurface Soils Subsurface Soils Subsurface Soils Subsurface Soils Subsurface Soils Subsurface Soils Subsurface Soils Subsurface Soils Subsurface Soils Subsurface Soils Subsurface Soils "•ibsurface Soils

i^-bsurface Soils Subsurface Soils Subsurface Soils Subsurface Soils Subsurface Soils Subsurface Soils Subsurface Soils Subsurface Soils Deep Soil Deep Soil Deep Soil Deep Soil Jeep Soil Deep Soil Deep Soil Deep Soil Background Subsurface Soils Background Subsurface Soils Background Subsurface Soils Background Subsurface Soils Background Subsurface Soils Background Deep Soils Background Deep Soils Background Deep Soils background Deep Soils background Deep Soils Site-related Sediment/ Site Wetland Sediments Site-related Sediment/ Site Wetland Sediments '̂ e-related Sediment/ Site Wetland Sediments ^>related Sediment/ Site Wetland Sediments jSrfe-related Sediment/ Site Wetland Sediments Site-related Sediment/ Site Wetland Sediments

16

TABLE 1. SAMPLE ANALYSIS INVENTORY- GALLUPS QUARRY RISK ASSESSMENT

MASTER LIST OF GROUPINGS. SAMPLE NUMBERS, AND ANALYSES FOR THE GALLUPS QUARRY RISK ASSESSMENT

Pest/ PCBs

X X X X X X X X X

X

X X

X

X

X X X

X

X

X X X

X

X

X

X X

X

X X X

X X X

X X X X X X

Sample Number VOCs SB105SSS10 X SB106SSS10 X SB106SSS1DP X SB107SSS10 X SB107SSS10DP X SB108SSS10 X SB109SSS10 X SB110SSS10 X SB101SSS2-5 SB101SSS44 X SB102SSS2-6 SB102SSS44 X SB102SSS7-10 SB103SSS2-5 SB103SSS34 X SB103SSS6-8 SB103SSS814 X SB104SSS2-6 SB104SSS68 X SB104SSS710 X SB104SSS812 SB104SSS9-10 SB105SSS2-8 SB105SSS44 X SB106SSS2-6 SB106SSS44 X SB107SSS3-4 SB107SSS44 X SB108SSS2-3 X SB108SSS44 X SB109SSS2-3 SB109SSS32 X SB109SSS4-5 SB109SSS44 X SB109SSS7-9 SB109SSS914 X SB110SSS2-3 X SB102SSS1016 X SB102SSS1118 X SB104SSS1016 X SB104SSS1526 X SB109SSS10-13 SB109SSS1322 X SB109SSS14-16 SB109SSS1630 X MW109T/SS-4/6-8 X MW112S/COMP-10-14 MW112S/COMP/10-14 X MW112S/SS-5/8-10 X MW112T/SS-5/8-10 X MW112T/COMP/34-40 X MW1 12T/COMP/34-40/DP X MW112T/COMP/7-14 X MW112T/SS-21/40-42 X MW1 12T/SS-21/40-42DP X QW-SD-01 X QW-SD-02 X QW-SD-03 X QW-SD-4 X QW-SD-5 X QW-SD-6 X

Inorganics X X X X X X X X X

X

X X

X

X

X X X

X

X

X X X

X

X

X

X X

X

X X X

X X X

X X X X X X

I TABLE 1. SAMPLE ANALYSIS INVENTORY- GALLUPS QUARRY RISK ASSESSMENT

MASTER LIST OF GROUPINGS, SAMPLE NUMBERS, AND ANALYSES FOR THE GALLUPS QUARRY RISK ASSESSMENT

Sample Grouping ••de-related Sediment/ Site Brook Sediments Site-related Sediment/ Site Brook Sediments Site-related Sediment/ Site Brook Sediments Upgradient Sediment Upgradient Sediment Fry Brook Sediment Stream/Pond Sediment Stream/Pond Sediment Stream/Pond Sediment Stream/Pond Sediment Stream/Pond Sediment Background East Sediment Background East Sediment Background East Sediment Background East Sediment Background East Sediment Background East Sediment Background East Sediment Background East Sediment Background East Sediment Background West Sediment background West Sediment Background West Sediment Background West Sediment Site-related Surface Water Site-related Surface Water Site-related Surface Water Jpgradient Surface Water " ' Brook Surface Water ^^eam/Pond Surface Water Stream/Pond Surface Water Stream/Pond Surface Water Stream/Pond Surface Water Background East Surface Water Background East Surface Water Background East Surface Water Background East Surface Water Background East Surface Water

Sample Number UB-SD-09 UB-SD-10 UB-SD-10-DP UB-SD-07 UB-SD-08 FB-SD-01 LB-SD-02 LB-SD-1 PP-SD-1 PP-SD-2 PP-SD-3 UB-SD-05 UB-SD-06 UB-SD-1 UB-SD-1-DP UB-SD-1 D UB-SD-2 UB-SD-3 UB-SD-4 UB-SD-4-DP QW-SD-10 QW-SD-7 QW-SD-8 QW-SD-9 UB-SW-09 UB-SW-10 UB-SW-10-DP UB-SW-08 FB-SW-01 LB-SW-02 LB-SW-1 PP-SW-2 PP-SW-3 UB-SW-01 UB-SW-01-DP UB-SW-02 UB-SW-4 UB-SW-4-DP

VOCs X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X

X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X

SVOCs X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X


Pest/ PCBs

X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X


Inorganics X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X

17

TABLE 2. CONTAMINANTS OF CONCERN - HUMAN HEALTH EVALUATION

Ground Surface Surface/ Site-Related Site-Related VOCs Water Soils Subsurface Soils Sediments Surface Water

*» > 1,1-Oichloroethene X 1,2-Dichloroethene (total) X

1 ,2-Dichloropropane X

Ethylbenzene X

Tetrachloroethene X

Toluene X

1,1,1-Trichloroethane X

Trichloroethene X

Vinyl Chloride X

Xylenes (total) X

BNAs

Acenaphthylene X

Benzo(a)pyrene X

Benzo(g,h,i)pcrylene X X X

Bis(2-ethylhexyl)phthalate X X

Dibenzofuran X

% j 1,4-Dichlorobenzene X

Methylnapthalene, 2 X X

Phenanthrene X X X X

PCBs/PEST

Aroclor 1242 X

Aroclor 1248 X

Aroclor 1254 X X X

Aroclor 1260 X X X

Endosulfan sulfate X

Endrin ketone X

Inorganics

Aluminum X X X X X

Antimony X X X

Arsenic X X X X

Beryllium X X X X

Cadmium X

Chromium X

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TABLE 2. CONTAMINANTS OF CONCERN - HUMAN HEALTH EVALUATION

VOCs

^Cobalt X,

Copper

Iron

Lead

Manganese

Vanadium

Zinc

Ground Surface Surface/ Site-Related Site-Related Water Soils Subsurface Soils Sediments Surface Water

X

X

X X X X X

X X X X

X X X X

X

X

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TABLE 3. TOXICITY VALUES FOR CONTAMINANTS OF CONCERN AT THE GALLUPS QUARRY SITE

CARCINOGENIC NONCARCINOGENIC

Weight Oral Slope Chronic Subchronic Contaminant of Evidence Factor OralRfD Oral RfD (n)

Classification (mg/kg/day)-l (mg/kg/day) (mg/kg/day)

VOCs

1,1-Dichloroethene C a 6.00E-01 a 9.00E-03 a 9.00E-03 b 1,2-Dichloroethene (total) 9.00E-03 b 9.00E-03 b 1 ,2-Dichloropropane B2 b 6.80E-02 b Ethylbenzene D a l.OOE-01 a l.OOE-01 h Tetrachloroethene B2-C d 5.20E-02 d l.OOE-02 a l.OOE-01 b Toluene D a 2.00E-01 a 2.00E-01 h 1,1,1 -trichloroethane D a Trichloroethene B2-C d 1.10E-02 d 6.00E-03 d 6.00E-03 h Vinyl chloride (chloroethylene) A b 1.90E+00 b Xylenes (Total) D a 2.00E400 a 2.00E+00 h

BNAs

Acenapthylene D a Benzo(a)pyrene B2 a 7.30E+00 a Benzo(g,h,i)perylene D a 4.00E-02 j 4.00E-02 j Bis(2-ethylhexyl)phthalate B2 a 1.40E-02 a 2.00E-02 a 2.00E-02 h Dibenzofuran D a 4.00E-03 d 4.00E-03 h 1 ,4-Dichlorobenzene B2 b 2.40E-02 b Methylnapthalene-2 Phenanthrene D a 4.00E-02 j_ 4.00E-02 j

Pesticides/PCBs

Aroclor 1242 B2 a 7.70E-HDO a,e 7.00E-05 a,e 7.00E-05 h Aroclor 1248 B2 a 7.70E+00 a,e 7.00E-05 a,e 7.00E-05 h Aroclor 1254 B2 a 7.70E400 a,e 7.00E-05 a,e 7.00E-05 h Aroclor 1260 B2 a 7.70E-KX) a,e 7.00E-05 a,e 7.00E-05 h Endosulfan sulfate Endrin ketone

norganics Aluminum D d Antimony 4.00E-04 a 4.00E-04 b Arsenic A a 2.00E-KX) g 3.00E-04 a 3.00E-04 b Beryllium B2 a 4.30E+00 a 5.00E-03 a 5.00E-03 b Cadmium Bl a 5.00E-04 aj 5.00E-04 h,i Chromium, VI A(inh) a 5.00E-03 a 2.00E-02 b Cobalt Copper D a Iron D d Lead B2 a Manganese D a S.OOE-03 a/ 5.00E-03 b£ Vanadium Zinc D a 3.00E-01 a 3.00E-01 b

a. U.S. EPA, Integrated Risk Information System (IRIS), May 1995. b. U.S. EPA, Health Effects Assessment Summary Tables (HEAST), FY 1994. b2. HEAST Table 2. bs. HEAST Supplement c. US. EPA Maximum Contaminant/Health Advisory (MCL/HA) Listing. May 1004 d. ECAO value provided by EPA- New England for use in previous risk assessments. e. Oral slope factor is based on Aroclor 1260 study, RfD is based on Aroclor 1016 study. f. Manganese RfD listed is for water ingestion and all dermal contact exposures; 1.4E-01 is for RiD for food/soil ingestion. g. Arsenic oral slope factor derived from unit risk in IRIS. h. Chronic RfD used as subchronic RfD if no subchronic value is availablw, per EPA guidance (RAGS). i. Cadmium RfD listed is for water ingestion and all dermal contact exposures; l.OE-03 is for RfD for food/soil ingestion. j. RfD for naphthalene is substiuted per EPA New England Policy.

20

TABLE 4. GALLUPS QUARRY SUPERFUND SITE: SUMMARY OF EXPOSURE PATHWAYS

Time-Frame Evaluated Degree of Assessment

Pathwa Present Future Quant. Qual. Rationale for Selection or

Exclusion Data Grouping

Ingestion of Ground Water Site Employee No Yes X Ground water is drinking water source for surrounding area. Site is undeveloped and current exposure to surrounding area receptors has not been shown to exist. Employee exposure may occur if site is developed.

All site monitoring well data will be evaluated quantitatively. Data from drinking wells will be assessed separately and qualitatively.

Dermal Contact with Ground Water

Site Employee No Yes Dermal contact not expected to be significant exposure route due to short exposure duration. Will be evaluated qualitatively.

Inhalation of volatilized Ground Water Contaminants

Site Employee No Yes Due to typically short exposure duration and dilution due to ambient air, exposure via inhalation is expected to be no more significant than exposure via ingcstion. Will be evaluated qualitatively..

Inhalation of Contaminants that Volatilize from Ground Water and Seep through Building Foundations into Indoor Air.

Site Employee No Yes Exposure Is unlikely because site is undeveloped and future site development will not occur in unfilled areas of shallow ground

water (

TABLE 4. (CONTINUED)


Rationale for Selection or Pathway Receptor Present Future Quant Qual. Exclusion Data Grouping

Dermal Contact with Onsite Trespasser Yes Yes X Site access is not completely All surface soil samples (0-2'). Surface Soils (a) restricted and trespassing

(motorbiking, hiking, hunting) is occurring. Current and possible future exposures expected to be similar.

Employee No Yes X Site may be developed for industrial use resulting in frequent employee exposure.

Inhalation of Volatile/ Trespasser Yes Yes X Exposure expected to be less Paniculate Emissions significant than ingestion due to

dilution by ambient air. Need for quantitative evaluation will be assessed after Phase IB air monitoring data becomes available.

Employee No Yes X Exposure expected to be less significant than ingestion due to dilution by ambient air. Need for quantitative evaluation will be assessed after Phase IB air monitoring data becomes available.

'̂ MliiiiSBM^

Incidental Ingestion of Surface Excavation Worker No Yes X Exposure to surface and subsurface All surface and subsurface soils, and Subsurface Soils soils may occur during excavations (0-15')

for future site development.

Dermal Contact with Surface Excavation Worker No Yes X Exposure to surface and subsurface All surface and subsurface soils, and Subsurface Soils (a) soils may occur during excavations (0-15')

for future site development.

Inhalation of VOC Emissions Excavation Worker No Yes X Expected to be no more significant and Particulates from Surface than exposure via ingestion or and Subsurface Soils dermal contact due to short term of

activity. Will be assessed qualitatively.

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Pathway Present Future Quant Qoat

Incidental Ingestion Sediments Trespasser Yes Yes

Dermal Contact Sediments (a) Trespasser Yes Yes

Incidental Ingestion of Surface Trespasser No No Water

Dermal Contact with Surface Trespasser Yes Yes Water

(•) Dcmul couucl with HiiU lod tedimcnll wUI be quantitatively evaluated (or FCBl and cadmium only, per EPA guidance (EPA. 1992).

Rationale for Selection or Exclusion

Trespassing is occurring and fishermen frequent Mill Brook which is stocked. Current and possible future exposures expected to be similar.

Trespassing is occurring and fishermen frequent Mill Brook which is stocked. Current and future exposures to be similar.

Shallow depths (less than 3 feet) of Mill Brook preclude swimming and related incidental ingestion of water.

Trespassing is occurring and fishermen frequent Mill Brook which is stocked.

Data Grouping

Site-related Mill Brook and wetland sediment samples (QW1-6. UB9 and 10).

Site-related Mill Brook and wetland sediments samples (QW16, UB9 and 10).

Site-related surface water samples from Mill Brook (UB9 and 10).

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TABLES. EXPOSURE PATHWAY: INGESTION OF GROUND WATER BY RESIDENT FOR FUTURE SCENARIO

Variable RME Value Rationale Reference

Central Tendency

Value Rationale Reference

Receptor Population Worker Worker

Body Weight (kg)

Adult Worker Average EPA-New England 70 Average EPA-New England

Duration of Exposure (years)

Adult Worker RAGS Suppl. 50th percentile Risk Update

Exposure Frequency (days/year)

Work days per year RAGS Suppl. 150 Central Tendency Value Risk Update

Ingestion Rate (L/day)

Adult Worker 90th percentile residential EPA-New England Average Residential Risk Update

Averaging Time (days) Values used are based on EPA-New England Values used are based on EPA-New England Adult exposure duration for exposure duration for

noncarcinogenic noncarcinogens and lifetime noncarcinogens and carcinogenic exposure for carcinogens. lifetime exposure for

carcinogens.

RAGS Suppl.: U.S. EPA, Risk Assessment Guidance for Supcrfund, Vol. I. Supplemental Guidance: Standard Default Exposure Factors, Interim Final. Office of Emergency and Remedial Response. March 1991. EPA-New England: U.S. EPA, Supplemental Risk Assessment Guidance for the Superfund Program, Draft Final, EPA Region I, EPA 901/5-89-001, June 1989. Risk Update: EPA Region I. Risk Update, Number 2, August 1994.

*Note: RME and Central Tendency Ground Water exposures will be evaluated using the maximum detected and average concentrations and the RME variables listed above. The Central Tendency values presented are for information only.

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TABLE 6. EXPOSURE PATHWAY: INCIDENTAL INGESTION OF SURFACE SOILS BY TRESPASSER FOR PRESENT AND FUTURE SCENARIOS


Central Tendency


Receptor Population Youth Trespasser Youth Trespasser

Body Weight (kg) Youth (Age 9-18) 50th percentile values in

range, value used is average of range.

EFH 50 50th percentile values in range, value used is average of range.

EFH

Relative Absorption Factor VOCs SVOCs PCBs Inorganic

Per EPA Guidance. EPA-New England 100% 100% 30% 100%

Per EPA Guidance. EPA-New England

Duration of Exposure (years) Youth Total years in age group. 10 Total years in age group.


Assumes youth trespasses 1 day/week during spring, summer and fall (39 weeks total).

39 Assumes youth trespasses 1 day/week during spring, summer and fall (39 weeks total).

Ingestion Rate (mg/day) Youth Value used is for children

more than 6 years old. EPA-New England Risk Update

Averaging Time (days) Youth noncarcinogenic carcinogenic

Values used is based on exposure duration for noncarcinogens and lifetime for carcinogens.

EPA-New England

3650 25550

Values used is based onexposure duration fornoncarcinogens and lifetime for carcinogens.

EPA-New England

EFH: U.S. EPA, Exposure Factors Handbook, EPA 600/8/-89/043. Exposure Assessment Group, Office of Health and Environmental Assessment. 1989. EPA-New England: U.S. EPA, Supplemental Risk Assessment Guidance for the Superfund Program, Draft Final, EPA Region I, EPA-901/5-89-001. June 1989. Risk Update: EPA Region I. Risk Update, Number 2, August 1994.

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TABLE?. EXPOSUREPATHWAY: DERMAL CONTACTWITH SURFACE SOILS BY TRESPASSER FOR PRESENT AND FUTURE SCENARIOS

Variable

Receptor Population

Body Weight (kg) Youth (Age 9-18)

Duration of Exposure (years) Youth


Youth

Adherence Factor (mg/sq cm)

Chemical-Specific Absorption Factor Cadmium PCBs

Skin Surface Area Contacted (Sq. Centimeter)

Youth hands, arms, legs, neck and head

RME

Value

*s nnmm^

H1iIH1

1llllfllp^ mm

m |ss

mK

Rationale

Youth Trespasser

50th percentile values inrange, value used in average of range.

Total years in age group.


Value is specified in guidance; consideredreasonable upperbound

•estimate. SgBfflira&jgj&ii|MMmB Upperbound estimate.

n 25% of 95th percentile

If&msij^Pi value of total bodyJ-||

surface areas.ISUPIH

Reference

EFH

EPA Dermal Guidance

EPA Dermal Guidance

EPA Dermal Guidance

Central Tendency

Value

50

10

39

0.01 0.06

:iR8H ,« HI * slPlilnl

Rationale

Youth Trespasser

50th percentile values inrange, value used is average of range.



Value is specified in guidance; consideredaverage.

Upperbound estimate.

25% of 50th percentilevalue of total body surfaceareas.

Reference

EFH

EPA Dermal Guidance

EPA Dermal Guidance

EPA Dermal Guidance

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TABLE?. (CONTINUED)

Central RME Tendency

Variable Value Rationale Reference Value Rationale Reference

Averaging Time (days) Youth

Bpp Values used are based on exposure duration for

EPA-New England Values used are based onexposure duration for

EPA-New England

noncarcinogenic noncarcinogens and 3650 noncarcinogens and carcinogenic lifetime for carcinogens. 25550 lifetime for carcinogens.

EFH: U.S. EPA, Exposure Factors Handbook, EPA 600/8/-89/043. Exposure Assessment Group, Office of Health and Environmental Assessment. 1989. EPA-New England: U.S. EPA, Supplemental Risk Assessment Guidance for the Superfund Program, Draft Final, EPA Region I, EPA-901/5-89-001. June 1989. EPA Dermal Guidance: U.S. EPA, Dermal Exposure Assessment: Principals and Applications, Interim Report, EPA/600/8-91/91 IB. January 1992.

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TABLES. EXPOSURE PATHWAY: INCIDENTAL INGESTION OF SURFACE SOILS BY SITE EMPLOYEE FOR FUTURE SCENARIO

Central


Tendency Value Rationale Reference

Receptor Population Employee Employee

Body Weight (kg) Adult Per EPA Guidance. EPA-New England 70 Per EPA Guidance. EPA-New

England

Relative Absorption Factor VOCs SVOCs PCBs Inorganics

Per EPA Guidance. EPA-New England 100% 100%

100%


Duration of Exposure (years) Employee Adult Per EPA Guidance. Rags Suppl.

50th percentile (residence) Per EPA Guidance.

Risk Update

Exposure Frequency (days/year) Employee Per EPA Guidance. Rags Suppl. 250 Per EPA Guidance. Rags Suppl.

Ingestion Rate (mg/day) Employee Adult Risk Update Per EPA Guidance. Rags Suppl.

Averaging Time (days) Adult noncarcinogenic carcinogenic

Values used are based onexposure duration for noncarcinogens and lifetime for carcinogens.

EPA-New England Values used are based onexposure duration fornoncarcinogens and lifetime for carcinogens.

EPA-New England

EPA-New England: U.S. EPA, Supplemental Risk Assessment Guidance for the Superfund Program, Draft Final, EPA Region I, EPA-901/5-89-001. June 1989. Rags Suppl.: RAGS Suppl.: U.S. EPA, Risk Assessment Guidance for Superfund, Vol. 1. Supplemental Guidance: Standard Default Exposure Factors, Interim Final. Office of Emergency and Remedial Response. March 1991. Risk Update: EPA Region I. Risk Update, Number 2, August 1994.

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TABLE 9. EXPOSURE PATHWAY: DERMAL CONTACT WITH SURFACE SOILS BY SITE EMPLOYEE FOR FUTURE SCENARIO


Central Tendency


Receptor Population Employee Employee

Body Weight (kg) Adult Per EPA Guidance. EPA-New England 70 Per EPA Guidance. EPA-New

England

Duration of Exposure (years) Employee Adult Per EPA Guidance. EPA-New England

50th percentile (residence) Risk Update

Exposure Frequency (days/year) Employee Per EPA Guidance. Rags Suppl. 250 Per EPA Guidance. Rags Suppl.

Soil Skin Adherence Factor (mg/sq cm)

Value is specified in guidance; considered reasonable upperbound estimate.

EPA Dermal Guidance

Value is specified in guidance; considered average.

EPA Dermal Guidance


Upperbound estimate. EPA Dermal Guidance

0.01 0.06


Skin Surface Area Contacted (Sq. Centimeter) Adult hands, arms, legs, neck and head


EPA Dermal Guidance


EPA Dermal Guidance

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Averaging Time (days) Adult noncarcinogenic Values used are based on EPA-New England Values used are based on EPA-New carcinogenic exposure duration for exposure duration for England

noncarcinogens and noncarcinogens and lifetime for carcinogens. lifetime for carcinogens.

RAGS Suppl.: U.S. EPA, Risk Assessment Guidance for Superfund, Vol. 1. Supplemental Guidance: Standard Default Exposure Factors, Interim Final. Office of Emergency and Remedial Response. March 1991. EPA-New England: U.S. EPA, Supplemental Risk Assessment Guidance for the Superfund Program, Draft Final, EPA Region I, EPA-901/5-89-001. June 1989. EPA Dermal Guidance: U.S. EPA, Dermal Exposure Assessment: Principal and Applications, Interim Report, EPA/600/8-91/91 IB. January 1992. Risk Update: EPA Region I. Risk Update. Number 2, August 1994.

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TABLE 10. EXPOSURE PATHWAY: INCIDENTAL INGESTION OF SOILS BY EXCAVATION WORKER FOR FUTURE SCENARIO


Central Tendency


Receptor Population Excavation Worker Excavation Worker

Body Weight (kg) Excavation Worker Per EPA Guidance. EPA-New England 70 Per EPA Guidance. EPA-New

England

Duration of Exposure (years) Excavation Worker Per EPA Guidance. RAGS Suppl. Per EPA Guidance. RAGS Suppl.

Relative Absorption Factor VOCs SVOCs PCBs Inorganic

Per EPA Guidance. EPA-New England 100% 100% 30% 100%


Exposure Frequency (days/year) Excavation Worker Assume excavation occurs

5 days/week for 3 months 65 Assume excavation occurs

5 days/week for 3 months

Ingestion Rate (mg/day) Excavation Worker Value used is specified for

adults engaged in yard work.

RAGS Suppl. 480 Value used is specified foradults engaged in yard work.

RAGS Suppl.

Averaging Time (days) Adult noncarcinogenic carcinogenic

Values used are based on exposure duration for noncarcinogens and lifetime for carcinogens.

EPA-New England 91 25550

Values used are based onexposure duration fornoncarcinogens and lifetime for carcinogens.

EPA-New England

RAGS Suppl.: Risk Assessment Guidance for Superfund, VoL 1. Supplemental Guidance: Standard Default Exposure Factors, Interim Final. Office of Emergency and Remedial Response. March 1991. EPA-New England: U.S. EPA, Supplemental Risk Assessment Guidance for the Superfund Program, Draft Final, EPA Region I, EPA-901/5-89-001. June 1989.

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TABLE 11. EXPOSURE PATHWAY: DERMAL CONTACT WITH SOILS BY EXCAVATION WORKER FOR FUTURE SCENARIO


Central Tendency


Receptor Population Excavation Worker Excavation Worker

Body'Weight (kg) Excavation Worker Per EPA Guidance. EPA-New England 70 Per EPA Guidance. EPA-New

England

Duration of Exposure (years) Excavation Worker Per EPA Guidance. RAGS Suppl. Per EPA Guidance. RAGS Suppl.

Exposure Frequency (days/year) Excavation Worker Assume excavation occurs

5 days/week for3 months 65 Assume excavation occurs

5 days/week for 3 months

Skin Surface Area Contacted (Sq. Centimeter) Adult hands, arms, legs, neck and head


EPA Dermal Guidance


EPA Dermal Guidance

Soil Skin Adherence Factor (mg/sq cm)

Value is specified in guidance; considered reasonable upperbound estimate.

EPA Dermal Guidance


EPA Dermal Guidance

Chemical-Specific Absorption Factor PCBs Upperbound estimate. EPA Dermal

Guidance 0.06 Upperbound estimate. EPA Dermal

Guidance

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Averaging Time (days) IP" Adult noncarcinogenic Values used are based on EPA-New England 91 Values used are based on EPA-New carcinogenic exposure duration for 25550 exposure duration for England

1wa& noncarcinogens and lifetime for carcinogens. noncarcinogens and lifetime for carcinogens. RAGS Suppl.: Risk Assessment Guidance for Superfund, Vol. 1. Supplemental Guidance: Standard Default Exposure Factors, Interim Final. Office of Emergency and Remedial Response. March 1991. EPA-New England: U.S. EPA, Supplemental Risk Assessment Guidance for the Superfund Program, Draft Final, EPA Region I, EPA-901/5-89-001. June 1989.

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TABLE 12. EXPOSURE PATHWAY: INCIDENTAL INGESTION OF SEDIMENTS BY TRESPASSER FOR PRESENT AND FUTURE SCENARIOS

EFH: U.S. EPA, Exposure Factors Handbook, EPA 60Q/8/-89/043. Exposure Assessment Group, Office of Health and Environmental Assessment. 1989.



Receptor Population

Body Weight (kg) Youth (Age 9- 18)

^Wf^rTrF8Youth Trespasser 50th percentile values in EFH 50 Youth Trespasser 50th percentile values in EFH range, value used is range, value used is average of range. average of range.

Relative Absorption Factor VOCs iHl Per EPA Guidance EPA-New England 100% Per EPA Guidance. EPA-New SVOCs ; |̂ ^H| 100% England PPPc 1 m^^S onoj.J\J SO Inorganic (except lead) 100%

Duration of Exposure (yccirs) Youth

Exposure Frequency i^s^^^^^^jiimiiwiMii


Assumes youth wades 1

10

13


Assumes youth wades 1 (days/year) day/week during summer day /week during summer

mmf^^^mPP^w (13 weeks total). (13 weeks total). V^ffl^^^S^^^fe^^i

Ingestion Rate (mg/day) Youth mm Value used is specified for EPA-New England Risk Update

mm children more than 6 years old. ja ĵJBaBBJaJHJwS;

Averaging Time (days) Youth

noncarcinogenic

Values used is based onexposure duration for noncarcinogens and

EPA-New England

•3650 noncarcinogens and

Values used is based onexposure duration for

EPA-New England

carcinogenic lifetime for carcinogens. 25550 lifetime for carcinogens.

• EPA-New England: U.S. EPA, Supplemental Risk Assessment Guidance for the Superfund Program, Draft Final, EPA Region I, EPA-901/5-89-001. June 1989. Risk Update: EPA Region I. Risk Update, Number 2, August 1994.

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TABLE 13. EXPOSURE PATHWAY: DERMAL CONTACT WITH SEDIMENTS BY TRESPASSER FOR PRESENT AND FUTURE SCENARIOS


Central Tendency






EFH



Youth

Assumes youth wades 1 day/week during summer (13 weeks total).

13 Assumes youth wades 1 day/week during summer (13 weeks total).

Adherence Factor Value is specified in guidance; considered reasonable upperbound estimate.

EPA Dermal Guidance


EPA Dermal Guidance



0.01 0.06


Skin Surface Area Contacted 1 0% of 95th percentile EPA Dermal 1 0% of 50th percentile EPA Dermal (Sq. Centimeter) value of total body surface Guidance value of total body surface Guidance Youth area. area. hands, arms, legs, and feet

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c TABLE 13. (CONTINUED)

Central

VariableRME

Value Rationale Reference Tendency



Values used are based onexposure duration for noncarcinogens and lifetime exposure for carcinogens.

EPA-New England

3650 25550

Values used are based onexposure duration fornoncarcinogens and lifetime exposure for carcinogens.

EPA-New England

EFH: U.S. EPA, Exposure Factors Handbook, EPA 600/8/-89/043. Exposure Assessment Group, Office of Health and Environmental Assessment. 1989. EPA-New England: U.S. EPA, Supplemental Risk Assessment Guidance for the Superfund Program, Draft Final, EPA Region I, EPA-901/5-89-OOI. June 1989. EPA Dermal Guidance: U.S. EPA, Dermal Exposure Assessment: Principals and Applications, Interim Report, EPA/600/8-91791 IB. January 1992.

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TABLE 14. EXPOSURE PATHWAY: DERMAL CONTACT WITH SURFACE WATER BY TRESPASSER FOR PRESENT AND FUTURE SCENARIOS


Central Tendency






EFH

Exposure Time (hours/day) Assumes duration of RAGS 1.0 Assumes duration of RAGS wading is shorter than wading is shorting than EPA recommended 2.6 EPA recommended 2.6hour swimming hour swimming duration. duration.


Exposure Frequency Professional judgment. Professional judgment. (days/year) Assumes youth wades Assumes youth wades Youth 1 day/week during 13 1 day/week during

summer (13 weeks summer (13 weeks) total).

Skin Surface Area Contacted 10% of 50th percentile EPA Dermal (Sq. Centimeters) value of total body surface Guidance Youth 10% of 95th percentile EPA Dermal area. hands, arms, legs, and feet value of total body Guidance

surface area.

Dermal Permeability EPA Dermal EPA Dermal Constants Guidance Variable Guidance Chemical-specific

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TABLE 14 (CONTINUED)

Central

VariableRME

Value Rationale Reference Tendency



Values used are basedon exposure duration for noncarcinogens and lifetime exposure for carcinogens.

EPA-New England

3650 25550

Values used are based onexposure duration fornoncarcinogens and lifetime exposure for carcinogens.

EPA-New England

EFH: U.S. EPA, Exposure Factors Handbook, EPA 600/8/-89/043. Exposure Assessment Group, Office of Health and Environmental Assessment. 1989. RAGS: U.S. EPA, Risk Assessment Guidance for Superfund, Volume I, EPA 540/1-89/002. Office of Emergency and Remedial Response. December 1989. EPA-New England: U.S. EPA, Supplemental Risk Assessment Guidance for the Superfund Program, Draft Final, EPA Region I, EPA-901/5-89-001. June 1989. EPA Dermal Guidance: U.S. EPA, Dermal Exposure Assessment: Principals and Applications, Interim Report, EPA/600/8-91/91 IB. January 1992.

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Table 15. Selection of Surface Water Contaminants of Concern — Ecological Assessment.

Detection Maximum Upgradient Chronic Contaminant Frequency Cone. (ug/L) Cone. (ug/L) Toxicity (ug/L) Reference Reason for Elimination

Site Related Surface Water 1,2-Dichloroethene (Total) 1/2 7.00E+00 ND 1.16E+03 a EPA, 1991 Low Concentration 1,1,1- Trichloroethane 1/2 2.50E+00 ND 1.80E+03 b EPA, 1991 Low Concentration Aluminum 1/2 5.94E+01 1.23E+03 8.70E+01 EPA, 1986 Low Concentration Barium 2/2 1.47E+01 7.16E+01 5.80E+03 Biesinger & Christensen, 1972 Low Concentration Iron 2/2 5.31E+02 1.98E+04 l.OOE+03 EPA, 1991 Low Concentration Manganese 2/2 7.16E+01 2.52E+03 4.10E+03 Biesinger & Christensen, 1972 Low Concentration Potassium 2/2 1.67E+03 ND 5.30E+04 Biesinger & Christensen, 1972 Low Concentration Stream/Pond Surface Water 1,2-Dichloroethene (Total) 2/4 4.00E+00 5.00E+00 1.16E+03 a EPA, 1991 Low Concentration Tetrachloroethene 3/4 5.00E+00 1.10E+01 8.40E+02 EPA, 1991 Low Concentration 4— Methylphenol 1/4 2.80E+01 l.OOE+00 2.37E+02 c Degraeve et al., 1980 Low Concentration Di n octylphthalate 1/4 9.00E+00 ND 3.20E+02 McCarthy & Whitmore, 1985 Low Concentration Aluminum 4/4 4.65E+02 1.23E+03 8.70E+01 EPA, 1991 Retained as COC Barium 4/4 4.12E+01 7.16E+01 5.80E+03 Biesinger & Christensen, 1972 Low Concentration Calcium 1/4 1.50E+04 4.57E+04 1.16E+05 Biesinger & Christensen, 1972 Low Concentration Chromium 3/4 2.14E+01 3.50E+00 UOE+01 EPA, 1991 Retained as COC Iron 4/4 3.01E+03 1.98E+04 l.OOE+03 EPA, 1991 Retained as COC Lead 4/4 6.50E+00 2.63E+01 1.22E+00 d EPA, 1991 Retained as COC Magnesium 2/4 5.86E+03 7.96E+03 8.20E+04 Biesinger & Christensen, 1972 Low Concentration Manganese 4/4 4.05E+02 2.52E+03 4.10E+03 Biesinger & Christensen, 1972 Low Concentration Nickel 1/4 2.39E+01 ND 8.32E+01 d EPA, 1991 Low Concentration Potassium 3/4 5.99E+03 ND 5.30E+04 Biesinger & Christensen, 1972 Low Concentration Sodium 1/4 1.36E+04 3.76E+04 6.80E+05 Biesinger & Christensen, 1972 Low Concentration Zinc 1/4 7.60E+00 4.40E+01 5.59E+01 d EPA, 1991 Low Concentration

a: Chronic toxicity data unavailable. Value represents (0.1)(Acute Lowest Observed Effect Level of dichloroethene). b: Chronic toxicity data unavailable. Value represents (0.1)(Acute Lowest Observed Effect Level of trichlorinated ethanes). c: Chronic toxicity data unavailable. Value represents (0.03)(LC50). d: Based on mean water hardness value of 47 mg/L CaCO3 for lower Mill Brook/Packers Pond surface water. ND = Not Detected

Table 16. Selection of Sediment Contaminants of Concern — Ecological Assessment. Detection Maximum Upgradient Guideline

Contaminant Frequency Cone, (mg/kg) Cone, (mg/kg) Value (mg/kg) Reference Reason for Elimination Site Brook Sediments Toluene 2/2 9.00E-03 3.00E-03 4.26E+00 a EPA, 1991 Low Concentration Trichloroethene 1/2 5.00E-03 3.00E-03 2.24E+01 a EPA, 1991 Low Concentration Acenaphthene 2/2 2.10E-02 ND 1.50E-01 Long & Morgan, 1990 Low Concentration Acenaphthylene 2/2 9.40E-02 1.90E-01 - - Retained as COC Anthracene 212 1.10E-01 1.20E-01 2.20E-01 MOE, 1992 Low Concentration Benzo(a)anthracene 212 3.10E-01 4.40E-01 3.20E-01 MOE, 1992 Low Concentration Beuzo(a)pyrene 212 4.00E-01 4.00E-01 3.70E-01 MOE, 1992 Retained as COC Benzo(b)fluoranthene 212 5.10E-01 6.10E-01 - - Retained as COC Benzo(g,h,i)perylene 212 1.30E-01 1.05E-01 1.70E-01 MOE, 1992 Low Concentration Benzo(k)fluoranthene 2/2 3.60E-01 5.80E-01 2.40E-01 MOE, 1992 Retained as COC Carbazole 2/2 8.50E-02 1.10E-01 8.61E+00 a Schultz, et al., 1980 Low Concentration Chrysene 2/2 4.00E-01 6.90E-01 3.40E-01 MOE, 1992 Retained as COC Dibenzofuran 2/2 2.60E-02 ND 3.37E+00 a Leblanc, 1980 Low Concentration Fluoranthene 2/2 8.90E-01 1.30E+00 7.50E-01 MOE, 1992 Retained as COC Indeno (1,2,3- cd)pyrene 2/2 1.60E-01 1.10E-01 2.00E-01 MOE, 1992 Low Concentration 2 Methylnaphthalene 1/2 1.27E-01 ND 6.50E-02 Long & Morgan, 1990 Retained as COC Naphthalene 1/2 1.07E-01 ND 3.40E-01 Long & Morgan, 1990 Low Concentration Phenanthrene 2/2 5.60E-01 6.60E-01 5.60E-01 MOE, 1992 Retained as COC Pyrene 2/2 7.40E-01 1.10E+00 4.90E-01 MOE, 1992 Retained as COC 4,4-DDD 1/2 1.62E-02 7.20E-03 8.00E-03 MOE, 1992 Retained as COC 4,4-DDE 1/2 8.60E-03 3.80E-03 5.00E-03 MOE, 1992 Retained as COC 4,4-DDT 2/2 3.30E-03 1.05E-02 7.00E-03 MOE, 1992 Low Concentration Aluminum 2/2 4.12E+03 1.02E+04 — —

Upgradient Concentration Arsenic 1/2 6.00E-01 3.20E+00 6.00E+00 MOE, 1992 Low Concentration Barium 2/2 2.35E+01 6.64E+01 - - Upgradient Concentration Chromium 2/2 1.10E+01 1.58E+01 2.60E+01 MOE, 1992 Low Concentration Cobalt 2/2 2.60E+00 8.20E+00 - - Upgradient Concentration Iron 2/2 4.34E+03 6.84E+03 2.00E+04 MOE, 1992 Low Concentration Lead 2/2 8.50E+00 8.09E+01 3.10E+01 MOE, 1992 Low Concentration Magnesium 2/2 1.30E+03 2.37E+03 - - Nutrient/Low Toxicity Manganese 2/2 1.76E+02 3.68E+02 4.60E+02 MOE, 1992 Low Concentration

Table 16. Selection of Sediment Contaminants of Concern — Ecological Assessment (cont...) Detection Maximum Upgradient Guideline

Contaminant Frequency Cone, (mg/kg) Cone, (mg/kg) Value (mg/kg) Reference Reason for Elimination Nickel 2/2 5.40E+00 1.22E+01 1.60E+01 MOE, 1992 Low Concentration Potassium 212 2.79E+02 ND - - Nutrient/Low Toxicity Vanadium 2/2 8.95E+00 2.31E+01 - - Upgradient Concentration Stream/Pond Sediments Acetone 3/5 2.80E-01 9.00E-03 2.06E+00 a Bowman, et al., 1981 Low Concentration 2-Butanone 3/5 7.90E-02 9.40E-02 1.10E+01 a Veith, et al., 1983 Low Concentration Acenaphthene 1/5 2.40E-02 ND 1.50E-01 Long & Morgan, 1990 Low Concentration Acenaphthylene 2/5 3.50E-01 1.90E-01 — —

Retained as COC Anthracene 2/5 4.40E-01 1.20E-01 2.20E-01 MOE, 1992 Retained as COC Benzo(a)anthracene 3/5 6.40E-01 4.40E-01 3.20E-01 MOE, 1992 Retained as COC Benzo(a)pyrene 3/5 1.10E+00 4.00E-01 3.70E-01 MOE, 1992 Retained as COC Benzo(b)fluoranthene 3/5 1.20E+00 6.10E-01

— - Retained as COC

Benzo(g,h,i)perylene 2/5 6.00E-01 1.05E-01 1.70E-01 MOE, 1992 Retained as COC Benzo(k)fluoranthene 3/5 9.20E-01 5.80E-01 2.40E-01 MOE, 1992 Retained as COC Bis(2- ethylhexyl)phthalate 4/5 6.40E+01 1.30E+03 7.52E+01 a EPA, 1991 Low Concentration Carbazole 1/5 5.90E-02 1.10E-01 2.71E+01 a Schultz, et al., 1980 Low Concentration Chrysene 3/5 9.20E-01 6.90E-01 3.40E-01 MOE, 1992 Retained as COC Dibenzofuran 1/5 1.60E-02 ND 1.06E+01 a Leblanc, 1980 Low Concentration Di- n -butylphthalate 1/5 1.30E-01 2.30E-02 9.51E+01 a Mayer & Sanders, 1973 Low Concentration Di-n- octylphthalate 3/5 3.50E+00 2.00E+01 1.95E+01 a McCarthy & Whitmore, 1985 Low Concentration Fluoranthene 4/5 1.50E+00 1.30E+00 7.50E-01 MOE, 1992 Retained as COC Fluorene 1/5 5.30E-02 4.70E-02 1.90E-01 MOE, 1992 Low Concentration Indeno(l,2,3-cd)pyrene 2/5 6.10E-01 1.10E-01 2.00E-01 MOE, 1992 Retained as COC 2- Methylnaphthalene 1/5 2.00E-02 ND 6.50E-02 Long & Morgan, 1990 Low Concentration Phenanthrene 3/5 4.60E-01 6.60E-01 5.60E-01 MOE, 1992 Low Concentration Pyrene 5/5 1.80E+00 1.10E+00 4.90E-01 MOE, 1992 Retained as COC alpha -Chlordane 1/5 1.10E-02 7.00E-03 7.00E-03 MOE, 1992 Retained as COC gamma — Chlordane 2/5 5.30E-03 2.80E-03 7.00E-03 MOE, 1992 Low Concentration 4,4-DDD 1/5 1.60E-02 7.20E-03 8.00E-03 MOE, 1992 Retained as COC 4,4- DDE 1/5 2.40E-03 3.80E-03 5.00E-03 MOE, 1992 Low Concentration 4,4-DDT 3/5 8.10E-03 1.05E-02 7.00E-03 MOE, 1992 Retained as COC Methoxychlor 2/5 3.90E-02 1.90E-02 7.44E-03 a EPA, 1991 Retained as COC

Table 16. Selection of Sediment Contaminants of Concern - Ecological Assessment (cont...)

Contaminant Aroclor- 1254 Aroclor- 1260 Aluminum Arsenic Barium Beryllium Cadmium Calcium Chromium Cobalt Copper Cyanide Iron Lead Magnesium Manganese Nickel Potassium Selenium Silver Sodium Vanadium Zinc

Detection Frequency

3/5 1/5 5/5 5/5 5/5 1/5 2/5 2/5 5/5 4/5 4/5 1/5 5/5 5/5 5/5 5/5 3/5 3/5 1/5 3/5 1/5 5/5 4/5

Maximum Cone, (mg/kg)

1.70E-01 1.70E-02 1.64E+04 6.10E+00 1.25E+02 6.00E-01 3.90E+00 1.55E+04 5.53E+02 1.32E+01 1.79E+02 1.30E+OOJ 2.53E+04 1.71E+02 4.58E+03 1.67E+02 5.52E+02 1.87E+03 1.10E+00 2.50E+00 135E+02 5.20E+01 4.35E+02

Upgradient Cone, (mg/kg)

1.90E-01 ND 1.02E+04 3.20E+00 7.04E+01 6.80E-01 3.50E+00 7.48E+03 6.44E+02 8.60E+00 1.39E+02 3.02E+01 9.23E+03 8.24E+01 3.28E+03 3.68E+02 6.02E+02 1.29E+03 1.10E+00 7.30E-01 6.84E+02 2.82E+01 1.45E+02

Guideline Value (mg/kg)

6.00E-02 5.00E-03

— 6.00E+00 --

6.00E-01 -

2.60E+01 -

1.60E+01 -

2.00E+04 3.10E+01 -

4.60E+02 1.60E+01 --

l.OOE+00 --

1.20E+02

Reference MOE, 1992 MOE, 1992

— MOE, 1992

— -

MOE, 1992

— MOE, 1992

-MOE, 1992

-MOE, 1992 MOE, 1992

-MOE, 1992 MOE, 1992

--

Long & Morgan, 1990 --

MOE, 1992

ND = Not Detected - No Guideline Available a: Sediment quality value calculated via equilibrium partitioning approach: Sediment guideline = (Koc) (foe)(chronic AWQC) where: Koc = Organic carbon partition coefficient (from EPA 1986 or ENVIROFATE database)

foe = Fraction organic carbon content (lowest detected value of 0.812 and 2.555 percent for Site Brook and Stream/Pond sediment sample groups, respectively)

AWQC = Chronic AWQC (or toxicity value reported in literature or AQUIRE database)

Reason for Elimination Retained as COC Retained as COC Retained as COC Retained as COC Retained as COC

Upgradient Concentration Retained as COC

Nutrient/Low Toxicity Retained as COC Retained as COC Retained as COC

Upgradient Concentration Retained as COC Retained as COC

Nutrient/Low Toxicity Low Concentration Retained as COC

Nutrient/Low Toxicity Upgradient Concentration

Retained as COC Nutrient/Low Toxicity

Retained as COC Retained as COC

Table 17. Selection of Site Wetland Soil Contaminants of Concern.

Detection Log Maximum Background Contaminant Frequency Kow1 Cone, (mg/kg) Cone, (mg/kg) Reason for Elimination

Acetone 1/6 -0.24 1.50E-01 5.60E-01 Low Bioaccumulation Potential 2-Butanone 1/6 0.26 3.30E-02 6.70E-02 Low Bioaccumulation Potential Trichloroethene 1/6 2.38 4.00E-03 ND Low Bioaccumulation Potential Acenaphthylene 3/6 3.70 l.OOE-02 ND Retained as COC Anthracene 3/6 4.45 2.60E-02 ND Retained as COC Benzo(a)anthracene 5/6 5.60 3.50E-02 ND Retained as COC Benzo(a)pyrene 5/6 6.06 3.40E-02 ND Retained as COC Benzo(b)fluoranthene 5/6 6.06 6.10E-02 ND Retained as COC Benzo (k)fluoranthene 5/6 6.06 3.70E-02 ND Retained as COC Bis (2 - ethylhexyl)phthalate 2/6 5.11 8.20E-01 2.20E+00 Retained as COC Butylbenzylphthalate 2/6 4.91 5.60E-02 7.60E-02 Retained as COC Carbazole 3/6 3.29 l.OOE-02 ND Retained as COC Chrysene 5/6 5.61 6.30E-02 ND Retained as COC Di - n— octylphthalate 1/6 9.20 1.70E-02 2.20E-01 Retained as COC Fluoranthene 5/6 4.90 1.10E-01 6.90E-02 Retained as COC Indeno(l,2,3 -cd)pyrene 2/6 6.50 l.OOE-02 ND Retained as COC 4-Methylphenol 1/6 1.93 7.60E-02 3.10E-01 Low Bioaccumulation Potential Phenanthrene 5/6 4.46 6.60E-02 ND Retained as COC Pyrene 5/6 4.88 9.30E-02 ND Retained as COC alpha - Chlordane 1/6 5.16 1.30E-03 ND Retained as COC 4,4 -DDD 1/6 6.20 9.20E-03 7.40E-03 Retained as COC 4,4- DDE 3/6 7.00 1.60E-02 2.60E-03 Retained as COC 4,4-DDT 1/6 6.19 4.00E-04 9.80E-04 Retained as COC Endosulfan sulfate 1/6 3.83 2.20E-03 ND Retained as COC Endrin 1/6 5.60 4.80E-03 2.60E-03 Retained as COC Aroclor-1254 4/6 6.03 9.90E-02 3.30E-02 Retained as COC Aroclor-1260 1/6 7.14 2.30E-02 ND Retained as COC Aluminum 6/6 NA 8.97E+03 2.07E+04 Background Concentration Antimony 1/6 NA 2.70E+01 ND Retained as COC Arsenic 2/6 NA 6.20E-01 1.80E+00 Background Concentration Barium 6/6 NA 4.77E+01 1.72E+02 Background Concentration Beryllium 4/6 NA 7.60E-01 5.60E-01 Retained as COC Calcium 3/6 NA 5.38E+03 7.23E+03 Essential Nutrient/Low Toxicity Chromium 6/6 NA 1.82E+01 3.47E+01 Background Concentration Cobalt 2/6 NA 2.90E+00 1.36E+

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