RISK ASSESSMENT

Introduction to Safety

What is an Accident?

An accident is any undesired, unplanned event that results

in Personal Injury or in

Property Damage.

What are the main causes of accidents?

1 - Unsafe Conditions

2 -Unsafe Acts

Unsafe Conditions-:

-Inadequate guards

-Defective tools

-Congestion

-Fire Hazards

-Bad housekeeping

-Hazardous atmospheric conditions

-Excessive Noise

-Radiation Exposure

-Inadequate ventilation

-Insufficient illumination

-No PPE

-Wet and slippery surfaces.

Unsafe Acts-: -Operating without

authority.

-Making safety devices inoperable.

-Using defective equipment.

-Failure to use PPE

-Improper lifting

-Smoking

-Horseplay

-Servicing equipment in motion.

-Use wrong tools

Safe Practices-:

-Operating with authority.

-Use equipment properly and as directed

-Use PPE when required.

-No Smoking. -No Horseplay.

-Correct Lifting.

-Use right tools

Occupational Health & Safety Occupational Health & Safety TrainingTraining

1 -Risk Assessment

2 -Job Hazard Analysis (JHA )

3 -Safety And Health Auditing

4 -Safety Inspection & Checklists

Risk Assessment•Risk assessment is the process of

identifying and evaluating a hazard to determine the level of action required to reduce a risk to an acceptable level.

•It is nothing more than a careful examination of what in the workplace could cause harm to people, so that we can weigh-up whether the department has taken enough precautions or are required to take additional precautions, to prevent harm occurring.

What is a Hazard? -A Hazard is anything

that has the potential to cause harm, e.g. chemicals, electricity, working up a ladder.

-Using a crane, forklift .……

What is a Risk? -The Risk is the likelihood that the hazard will cause

harm and the severity of the consequence.

-For Example:

*If you are cleaning the oven with corrosive cleaner without using gloves or apron there is a great risk of being harmed.

*If you wear all protective clothing and gloves and adhere to all safety precautions the risk is low.

*If you change the chemical to a safer type and adhere to all precautions the risk will be even lower.

Risk Assessment In PracticeFive Steps to Risk Assessment:

1 -Look for the hazards2 -Decide who might be harmed and how3 -Evaluate the risks and decide whether

the existing precautions are adequate or whether more should be done.

4 -Record your findings.5 -Review your assessment and revise it

if necessary.

1 -Hazard Identification -Walk around the workplace and look afresh

at what could reasonably be expected to cause harm.

-Previous Accident Reports -Brainstorming

-Knowledge of Employees -Material Safety Data Sheets (MSDS)

-Manufacturers Instruction Books -Ask, “What If”?.…

ContinueThe following are examples of plant, equipment or activities that are usually associated with a hazard:

-Work at heights, and access to/from it (roofwork, ladders, scaffolds).

-Work below ground level and in confined spaces (tanks, ducts, trenches)

-Manual handling of loads. -Work with electricity (portable tools,

extension leads)

-Hazardous chemical substances.

Continue -Display screen equipment.

-Ionizing, non - ionizing and laser radiation -Pressure vessels / vacuum works

-Flammable liquid and gases -Machinery and plant (machinery requiring

guarding). -Grinding/milling machines

-Woodworking machines. -Portable power tools.

• -Noise -Vehicles (forklift, cranes)

-Disposal of special wastes.

List of Hazards -Slipping/tripping

hazards (poorly maintained floors or stairs).

-Fume (from welding)

-Dust (from grinding)

-Manual handling

-Poor lighting

-Temperature

-Electricity (poor wiring)

-Ejection of material (from plastic molding)

-Chemicals (battery acids)

-Pressure systems (steam boilers).

2 -Who Might Be Harmed and How

-Generally it will be staff occupying the workplace.

-Attention must be paid to: *Visitors

*Contractors *Cleaning staff

*Maintenance staff *Inexperienced staff

LikelihoodLikelihoodVery Likely: Could happen Frequently

Likely: Could happen occasionally

Unlikely: Could happen, but only rarely.

Likelihood: The chance of an event (which may cause injury or harm to person) actually occurring.

Highly Unlikely: Could happen but probably never will .

Exposure

When evaluating the likelihood of an accident, a factor that will modify the likelihood category, is exposure.

•Exposure:

Is a measure of how often or how long a person is actually exposed to a hazard, some examples are:

Continue

Very Rare: Once per year or less.

Rare: A few time per year.

Unusual: Once per month.

Occasional: Once per week

Frequent: Daily

Continuous: Constant

ConsequencesConsequence is a measure of the expected severity should an accident occur.

1 -Fatal: Death2 -Major Injuries: Normally irreversible injury or

damage to health requiring extended time off work.

3 -Minor Injuries: Typically a reversible injury or damage to health needing several days away from work to recover.

4 -Negligible Injuries: Would require first aid and may need the reminder of the work period or shift off before being able to return to work.

Basic Risk AssessmentConsequenceLikelihood

Very Likely

LikelyUnlikelyHighly Unlikely

FatalityHighHighHighMedium

Major Injuries

HighHighMediumMedium

Minor Injuries

HighMediumMediumLow

Negligible Injuries

MediumMediumLowLow

Risk Control -When a risk assessment has identified a

hazard as having unacceptable risks we have to put in place control measures to eliminate the risk or reduce the risk to an acceptable level.

HIERARCHY OF CONTROL

1 -Elimination

2 -Substitution

3 -Isolation

4 -Engineering Control

5 -Administrative Control

6 -Provide Personal Safety Devices