Rise to World Power

Rise to World PowerKIM ChartExpanding HorizonsEssential Question: Why did the United States extend its influence to other regions in the late 1800s?Expanding Horizons***In 1899, Albert J. Beveridge was elected to the U.S. Senate as a Republican from Indiana. A brilliant speaker, Beveridge praised the new strength of the US Navy and called on the country to expand its influence overseas. In a speech in 1900, Beveridge declared: The Philippines are ours foreverand just beyond the Philippines are Chinas (vast) markets. We will not retreat from eitherThe Pacific is our ocean. From In Support of American EmpireAmerican Foreign PolicyAmerican foreign policy guided by a policy of isolationism for 100 yearsNon-involvement in world affairsEventually, Americans desired an empire abroad and began to favor expansionism Began expanding South and WestBy the late 1800s, the American frontier is goneBegan looking to frontiers abroad

Frontiers OverseasU.S. trades with China and wants to trade with Japan1853 Commodore Matthew Perry sails to Japan with four warships to ask them to open their ports1854 - Treaty of Kangawa signed Opened two ports to United StatesMarked the start of greater US involvement in Asia

An Age of ImperialismThe late 1800s and early 1900s were called an Age of ImperialismDriven by the search for materials and marketsPowerful European nations created large empires by gaining economic and political control over weaker nationsLed to competition between European nations

Toward an EmpireAfter the Civil War, Americans wanted to join other world powers and create an empire

Toward an EmpireAfter the Civil War, Americans wanted to join other world powers and create an empireThe Purchase of Alaska1867 Senator William Seward bought Alaska from Russia for $7.2 millionCalled Sewards folly until gold was discovered in 1890sGains statehood in 1912

Building Sea PowerDuring 1880s, the US Navy shifted from sails to steam power and wooden to steel hullsBy early 1900s US had naval power necessary to support its expanded role in foreign affairs

Making Connections1. Using the diagram below, discuss the causes and effects of the Treaty of Kangawa

2. Answer the Essential Question: Why did the United States extend its influence to other regions in the late 1800s?Increase trade, compete for resources and markets, spread democracy, spread Christianity, show naval power to other countriesBabar as ImperialismBabar is born like any average pachyderm. He grows up and plays in an idyllic world, along with the other little animals. Nonetheless, this primitive paradise must come to an end once a wicked hunter kills Babars mother. But even though this initial contact with human adults and their civilization is negativeleaving Babar an orphanthe end result of such destructive activity turns out to be highly beneficial: Babar escapes to the bedazzling city, where fate rewards him with something even greater than what it had taken from him. He comes upon an Old Lady, a female figure who takes his mothers place and eventually adopts him. .. From that moment on, Babar is going to progress.Ariel Dorfman, The Empires Old Clothes; What the Lone Ranger, Babar, and Other Innocent Heroes do to Our Minds

Babar as ImperialismIn contrast to his tiny admirersfirst they were French, then British, then North American[Babar] is dealing with a native country that has not evolved along with him and continues to be primitive, tribal, and naked.Babar the Elephant KingHere is Celesteville! The elephants have just finished building it and are resting or bathing. Babar goes for a sail with Arthur and Zephir. He is well satisfied, and admires his new capital. Each elephant has his own house. The Old Ladys is at the upper left, the one for the King and Queen is at the upper right. The big lake is visible from all their windows. The Bureau of Industry is next door to the Amusement Hall which will be very practical and convenient.

Babar as an Allegorythose who would burn Babar miss the true subject of the booksFrance during the nineteen-thirties was in transition from an old, unashamedly predatory model of imperialism to one that insisted onthebenevolent gathering of different races into one French commonwealthand, simultaneously, from a model of work and labor as their own reward to one in which the reward of irksome labor was French family leisure

The first step towards lighteningThe White Man's Burdenis through teaching the virtues of cleanliness.

Pears' Soap

is a potent factor in brightening the dark corners of the earth as civilization advances, while amongst the cultured of all nations it holds the highest place -- it is the ideal toilet soap.

Here, Admiral Dewey, who led the Battle for Manila at the start of the Spanish-American War in 1898, is pictured washing with Pears Soap

Imperialism in the PacificEssential Question: Why did the United States expand its role in the Pacific?

The Hawaiian IslandsChains of 8 large islands and about 100 smaller islands 2,000 miles west of California1790s Americans and Hawaiians began trading with each otherAmerican and European ships brought devastating infectious diseases to the islands

Missionaries and Sugar Growers in Hawaii1820 Christian missionaries establish schools, create a written Hawaiian alphabet and translate the Bible into Hawaiian1830s Sugar plantations established and grow quickly with no US tariff on Hawaiian sugar1842 Hawaii declared independence from US and exports drop quickly1891 American sugar planters overthrow Queen Liliuokalani 1900 Becomes a US territory

21China and the Open DoorChina was weakened by the war and lacked industryNo power to resist foreign powers who wanted to exploit their resources1890s Japan and European nations carved out spheres of influence in ChinaGreat BritainGermanyFranceRussia

An Open Door to ChinaUS was worried about missing out on profitable trade in ChinaSecretary of State John hay proposed the Open Door PolicyEach foreign nation in China would have rights to trade with other nations spheres of influence

The Boxer RebellionIn 1899, a secret Chinese society, the Boxers, revolted against the foreign devils in China, and many foreigners died. The next year, foreign troops defeated the Boxers.The Boxer Rebellion led to a second Open Door proposal. This version stressed the importance of maintaining Chinas independence and respecting its borders. Alarmed by the revolt, the other foreign powers accepted Hays policy.

JapanJapanese desire to expand their empire led to war with Russia and conflict with the US1904 Russo-Japanese War begins and exhausts resources of both countriesTheodore Roosevelt met with Japanese and Russian leaders to sign the Treaty of Portsmouth (1905)Japanese promised to halt expansion but becomes strongest naval power in PacificChallenges US in the region

Strained RelationsMany Japanese immigrated to US during Russo-Japanese War1906 San Francisco School Board ordered Asian students to attend separate schoolsJapanese government protestedRoosevelt forced School board to change its policies if Japan would restrict emigration Tensions were high and many Americans called for warBy 1909, US and Japan had resolved most of their differences

Making Connections1. Using the diagram below, describe the relationships of the US with the given locations.

2. Answer the Essential Question: Why did the Us expand its role in the Pacific?

A Splendid Little War The Spanish-American WarEssential Question: How did the Spanish-American War help the United States become a world power?

War FeverEvents in Cuba led to war between the US and Spain in 1898Cubans bloody struggle against Spanish rule caused concern in the USBusiness people concerned about business interestsGovernment concerned about rebellion occurring to close to the USUS citizens concerned about violenceUS newspapers competed to see who could produce the most shocking reportsYellow Journalism: sensational style of reporting

32Remember the MainePresident McKinley sent US battleship Maine to discourage rioting in Havana, CubaFebruary 15, 1898 Maine explodes in Havana Harbor 260 American deadUS blames Spain and calls for warApril 1898 US recognizes Cuban independence and declares war on Spain

War in the Philippines Philippines were a base for the Spanish fleetUS launched a surprise attack and Filipino rebels helped them take the PhilippinesFilipinos declared independence and expected US supportUS debated what to do with them

The Rough RidersA group of former cowhands and college students led by Theodore RooseveltUS Cavalry VolunteersHelped capture San Juan Hill in CubaTwo days later, the Spanish fleet was destroyedSpanish Puerto Rico was captured and the war ended August 12, 1898

Losses in the Spanish-American War400 Americans killed in battle More than 2,000 Americans died of yellow fever, malaria and other tropical diseases4 months longAfrican Americans are discriminated against and are placed in segregated units

Acquisitions Cuba becomes American protectorateIndependent country under the control of another countryPuerto Rico and Guam become territories of the United StatesSpain gives Philippines to US for $20 millionThe American empire became a reality despite criticism that it was contrary to the democratic values on which the country was based

Cuban Protectorate 1901 US granted full independence to Cuba with certain restrictionsCuba is prohibited from making treaties with other countriesUS has control of naval base at Guantanamo BayUS can intervene in Cuban affairs if independence is threatened

Rebellion in the PhilippinesControl of Philippines caused great debate between US imperialists and anti-imperialistsFilipinos rebelled4,000 Americans die200,000 Filipino soldiers and civilians deadUS set Philippines up for self rule and granted independence in 1946

Making ConnectionsExplain how some American newspapers contributed to Americas declaration of war against Spain in 1898.

Discuss why some Americans opposed empire building by the United StatesAnswer the Essential Question: How did the Spanish-American War help the United States become a world power?

Latin American PoliciesEssential Question: How did the beliefs of US presidents shape Latin American policies?

PanamaUS and Europe wanted a canal across Central America to eliminate the long voyage around South AmericaConnect Atlantic and Pacific OceansPanama was a Province of Columbia and an isthmusNarrow strip of land connecting two bodies of water

Revolution in PanamaColumbia would not lease the land to President RooseveltUnited States supported Panamanian revolt against ColumbiaPanama declared independence and gave the US a 10 mile strip of land across the countryThe Panama CanalDifficult to build due to tropical diseasesGrand Opening August 15, 1914Trips from New York to San Francisco can be made in half the timeExtended American naval powerGuaranteed strong American presence in Latin America

Policing the Western HemisphereUsing its economic and military power, the US policed the Western HempishpereRoosevelt: speak softly and carry a big stickNot threats, but actionRoosevelt Corollary US claimed the right to intervene in Latin American affairs if they seemed unstableTaft Dollar Diplomacysubstitute dollars for bulletsIntervene if US business interests were threatenedWilsons Moral DiplomacyRecognized importance of military power and economic interestsSought to promote democracy and move away from imperialism

Making ConnectionsHow did the United States benefit from construction of the Panama Canal? Were there any drawbacks?Faster path between US coastsLowered shipping costsPresence in Central AmericaDrawback many workers died during constructionAnswer the Essential Question: How did the beliefs of US presidents shape Latin American policies?