rickettsia and other
DESCRIPTION
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RICKETTSIAORIENTIA
EHRLICHIA ANAPLASMA
COXIELLABARTONELLA
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General introduction
Gram-negative, obligate intracellular coccobacilli bacteria that infect mammaols and arthropods
Rickettsiae are transmitted in the arthropods,which serves as both vector and reservior
Both DNA and RNA Is sensitive to antibiotic.
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Category of rickettsia
Genus Rickettsia, Coxiella ,Orientia,Ehrlichia Bartonella Species Rickettsia prowazekii (epidemic typhus),
Rickettsia typhi (endemic typhus), Rickettsia rickettsii (spotted fever), Rochalimaea quintana (trench fever), Coxiella burnetii (Q fever)
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Bilogical features
Variable shape, coccobacilli
Gram negative Microcapsule and slim
layer Culture : in york sacs of
embryonated eggs
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Antigenic structure
LPS Rickettsia tsutsugamushi Coxiella burnetii (Q fever) LPS smoothⅠ LPS roughⅡ Weil-Felix reacrion Surface protein(SPA)
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Transmission
Typhus, spotted fever and trench fever are transmitted via arthropod vectors;
Q fever is acquired via inhalation or ingestion of contaminated milk or food.
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Pathogenesis
Virulence factors: endotoxin, phospholipase A, and slime layer
Sites: vascular system producing vasculitis血管炎
Characteristic triad of symptoms: fever, headache and rash (no rash with Q fever).
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Rickettsia prowazekii普氏立克次体 epidemic typhus average incubation periods (days):8 the louse Respiratory tract and conjunctiva Latent period: 2 weeks Abrupt onset,fever,chills,headache, myalgia,arthralgia
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Replication cycle of Rickettsia and Orientia
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Rickettsia typhi地方性斑疹伤寒立克次体 endemic typhus 7-14 days Mice the louse&flea Mouth,nose and conjunctiva Gradual onset,fever,headache,myalgia, cough
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Rickettsia tsutsugamushi恙虫病立克次体 Tsutsugamushi disease(scrub typhus) Mice tsutsugamushi Black eachar焦痂
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Coxiella burnetti贝纳柯斯体 Q fever Cow and sheep tick High resistance
abrupt onset ,fever,headache,chills,myalgia,granulomatous hepatitis
chronic diaease with subacute onset ,endocarditis,hepatic dysfunction
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Replication of C. burnetii
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Generalized Life Cycle of Dermacentor variabilis and
Dermacentor andersoni Ticks
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Bartonella henselae汉赛巴通体 CSD (cat scratch disease) Cat and dog Conjunctiva inflammation and lymph node
swell
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Ehrlichia埃里希体属 Ehrlichia chaffeensis: human
monocytotropic ehrlichiosis Ehrlichia sennetsu : human granulocyto
tropic ehrlichiosis
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Replication of Ehrlichia埃里希体
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Proposed life cycle for the agent of Human Granulocytic Ehrlichiosis埃里希体病
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Diagnosis
The use of immunofluorescent antibodies to examine a biopsy can be diagnostic.
The organism can be inoculated into tissue culture and grown over 4-7 days but this is very hazardous to personnel.
The Weil-Felix test looks for the production of serum antibody that is reactive against Proteus OX19, OX2 or OXK antigens but it is not always reliable.
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Control
Sanitary: Arthropod and rodent control Immunological: No vaccines are
currently available. Chemotherapeutic: Tetracycline or
chloramphenicol are drugs of choice.