INTEGRATED RICE IRRIGATION SCHEME

TABLE OF CONTENTS

1.INTRODUCTION12.APPROACH FOR STRENGTHINING THE AGRICULTURE SECTOR22.1.OBJECTIVE OF THE PROJECT22.2.NEED OF THE PROJECT32.3.THE PROJECT33.PROJECT AREA AGRICULTURE SCENARIO43.1.TRADITIONAL FARMING SECTOR43.2.MECHANIZED FARMING SECTOR43.3.RICE CROP PRODUCTION TECHNOLOGY FOR INCREASING YEILDS44.TUBE WELL IRRIGATION SYSTEM234.1.LAND USE DETAILS244.2.TOPOGRAPHY254.3.SOIL CHARACTERISTICS OF THE AREA254.4.SOURCE OF WATER FOR AGRICULTURE254.5.REQUIREMENT OF TUBEWELLS / BOREWELLS FOR RICE CULTIVATION264.6.IRRIGATION SYSTEM REQUIREMENT DETAILS264.7.TUBEWELLS / BOREWELLS264.8.IRRIGATION FIELD CHANNELS NETWORK274.9.POWER SUPPLY FACILITIES274.10.ROAD NETWORK284.11.LAND PREPARATION FOR IRRIGARTION294.12.DRAINAGE SYSTEM295.FARM MECHANIZATION305.1.INTRODUCTION305.2.SELECTION OF TRACTORS305.3.TRACTORS FOR MECHANIZATION315.4.SELECTION OF FARM MACHINERY316.TRACTOR & IMPLEMENT WORKSHOP417.MODERN RICE MILLING UNITS437.1.RICE MILLING OPERATION437.2.INSTALLED CAPACITY OF RICE MILL447.3.FLOW CHART OF UNIT OPERATION IN RICE MILL457.4.PLANT BUILDING & MACHINERY468.TRAINING & CAPACITY BUILDING488.1.DETAILS OF TRAINING AREAS488.2.TRAINING CENTER COMPLEX AND TRAINING PROGRAM DETAILS499.COST ESTIMATE519.1.PROJECT FINANCING649.2.ENVIRONMENTAL IMPACTS649.3.INSTITUITIONAL ASPECTS659.4.PROJECT COMPLETION PERIOD65

EXECUTIVE SUMMARY

INTRODUCTIONCountry Brief

NEED OF STRENGETHING THE AGRICULTURE SECTORPresently, hand cultivated farming is carried out by the households in small areas close to their home due to acute shortage of labor. The country has tremendous potential to expand the agricultural production by introducing: Better irrigation practices, Mechanized farming, High yield seed varieties, Proper Fertilizer inputs, Improved marketing facilities.All the operations from sowing to harvesting are carried out manually with sickle and hand hoe, thus, the agricultural productivity is low. This scenario has resulted in poverty, food insecurity and unsustainable growth/development in the country.

NEED OF THE PROJECTAchievement of food security and self-sufficiency can be possible only with effective and efficient techniques of production through mechanization, education and training of farmers, integration of technologies for effective management of natural resources without degradation of environment. The overall intention is intensification of irrigation and mechanization of rice agriculture to avoid dependence on rain fed agriculture.

THE PROJECTThe Integrated Rice Development Project envisages covering 1000 ha area. The project envisages to provide assured irrigation facilities along with adoption of mechanized farming for rice cultivation in the designated area so as to increase the food production in the country. The Rice Production Plant shall also be established for the processing of the paddy. The various components of the project includes Irrigation & Cultivation on 1000 ha of land, Mechanized Farming, Modern Rice Mill with 48TPD Capacity and Training & Capacity Building of the farmers.

COST ESTIMATIONThe cost of the Development of for Rice Cultivation, Farm Mechanization, Rice Processing Plant, Training Center Complex including Training Programme and Miscellaneous Items works out to USD 79,923,129.

PROJECT COMPLETION PERIODIt is proposed to complete the project in 36 Months, as given as below. A.Field visits by experts, survey and investigation, preparation of Detailed Engineering Report and its approval7 Months

B.Tendering Process and award of work to the successful contractor5 Months

C.Completion and commissioning of the Project24 Months

Total36 Months

CHAPTER 1INTRODUCTION

INTRODUCTION

Insert brief back ground of the country.

Presently, hand cultivated farming is carried out by the households in small areas close to their home due to acute shortage of labor. The country has tremendous potential to expand the agricultural production by introducing: Better irrigation practices, Mechanized farming, High yield seed varieties, Proper Fertilizer inputs, Improved marketing facilities.All the operations from sowing to harvesting are carried out manually with sickle and hand hoe, thus, the agricultural productivity is low. This scenario has resulted in poverty, food insecurity and unsustainable growth/development in the country.

CHAPTER 2APPROACH FOR SRTENGTHENING AGRICULTURE SECTOR

APPROACH FOR STRENGTHINING THE AGRICULTURE SECTOR

After acknowledging the importance of the agriculture sector in the national economy, several Policy matter steps have been initiated by the Ministry of Agriculture, Government of Republic of ______ aiming at to increase the agricultural production in the country. These steps are: Identification of crop specific areas depending upon the soil and climatic conditions in the country. Introducing Agricultural Mechanization PolicyAs a part of its initiative and keeping in view the soil characteristics and climatic conditions, Ministry of Agriculture has earmarked 15000 ha area for rice cultivation. These steps aim at to transform its subsistence agriculture into commercialized and professional agriculture so as to eradicate poverty and food insecurity. This calls upon increased and sustained productivity through irrigated and mechanized agriculture whereby the farmers consolidate their land use and other resources for successful and continued production of high quality crops. Achievement of food security and self-sufficiency can be possible only with effective and efficient techniques of production through dependable irrigation system, mechanization, education and training of farmers, integration of technologies for effective management of natural resources without degradation of environment. Presently, the agricultural machinery and implements are being imported by the country. Due to the absence of proper infrastructural supports, non-availability of spares and after sales services, most of the farm equipments are lying unused.

1. 2. OBJECTIVE OF THE PROJECT

The main objectives of the project are: Introduction of latest irrigation system for harnessing ground water for rice cultivation. Introduction of modern machinery and equipment for rice production Setting up of an institution to impart training to farmers, Tractors operators, and mechanics in the latest rice cultivation techniques. Development of Human Resources Pool of technicians/ experts to support farm mechanization programs. Employment generation.

NEED OF THE PROJECT

Achievement of food security and self-sufficiency can be possible only with effective techniques of production through mechanization, education and training of farmers, integration of technologies for effective management of natural resources without degradation of environment. The overall intention is intensification and mechanization of rice agriculture to avoid dependence on rain fed agriculture in all parts of the country.

THE PROJECT

The Integrated Rice Development Project envisages covering 1000 ha area. The project envisages to provide assured irrigation facilities along with adoption of mechanized farming for rice cultivation in the designated area so as to increase the food production in the country. The Rice Production Plant shall also be established for the processing of the paddy.

CHAPTER 3AGRICULTURE SCENARIO OF THE PROJECT AREA

PROJECT AREA AGRICULTURE SCENARIO

3. TRADITIONAL FARMING SECTOR

The rice cultivation in the Traditional Sector is being done by the rural population manually in the landholdings near their houses between the periods April to October. The mechanized farming in this sector is limited to land preparation only, rest of all other agricultural operations i.e. from sowing to harvesting, are carried out manually.The average rice yield is about 0.75 to 1.05 tons per ha. The factors responsible for the low yield are given hereunder: Shortage of labour Non availability of good quality seeds Non availability of farming inputs like fertilizers etc Non utilization of agriculture equipments and tools. Insecurity in the region

MECHANIZED FARMING SECTOR

During rainy season, the water for irrigation to the various blocks of the Rice Scheme is supplied through existing canal network which is in use but needs rehabilitation. Farm machinery and equipments to carry out the operations from sowing to harvesting are available with the concerned government agency. The tractors engaged for the ploughing activity in the area are being used.

RICE CROP PRODUCTION TECHNOLOGY FOR INCREASING YEILDS

Rice is the most important cereal crop of the world. It is the staple food for more than half of the worlds population. As we know, climate (rain, temperature, relative humidity, day, and length), soil type and human activity interact with factors such as management practices to affect crop growth. Given the climatic differences, the performance of a given variety of rice will vary greatly from site to site. Selecting the best variety and crop management for giving site depends on an accurate description of the environment.Factors affecting the Rice Yield - Following weather parameters affect the rice yield:Solar Radiation: Solar energy is the most important climatic factor in rice cultivation in temperature / moderate climates. The plants most critical period of solar energy requirement is from Panicle Initiation to until 10 days before maturity which is important for the accumulation of dry matter.Temperature: The rice plant growth and its growth pattern are influenced greatly by the temperature. Higher mean temperature will reduce the growth. Night temperature between 150C to 200C is favorable for rice cultivation.Day length: The rice is a short day plant and sensitive to photoperiods. Long days can prevent or delay the flowering.Wind Velocity: A gentle wind velocity is helpful in creating micro-climate in the rice cultivated areas is conducive for plant growth. Strong winds especially at the heading stage are harmful as it reduces the rice yield.

View of Rice Field

Growth stages of Rice: Life cycle of rice plant, excluding pre-sowing stage, can be classified into the following 5 stages: Pre-sowing stage-Land preparation and puddling Seeding Stage-Sowing to transplanting Active Vegetative Stage-Transplanting to maximum tilling stage. Vegetative Lag Phase-Maximum tilling to Panicle Initiation Reproduction Stage-Panicle Initiation to harvesting Ripening Stage-Flowering to harvestThere is vast scope for increasing the rice production through implementation of best crop production techniques such as Soil Conditioning, efficient irrigation through underground good quality water, Farm Mechanization and plant protection measures. Rice requires well drained soils with pH of 5.5 7.0. The use of improved varieties of seeds, balanced use of fertilizers (proper soil nutrients), efficient water management, plant protection measures coupled with farm mechanization would increase rice production.

The details of the rice plant growth stages duration is given hereunderS.NoGrowth StageDuration (days)

LowHighMedium

1Emergence of transplanting302520

2Active veg. stage (Transplanting to max. tilling)252525

3Lag vegetative growth (Max. tilling to Panicle Initiation)25155

4Panicle Initiation to heading333333

5Heading to flowering777

6Flowering to maturity353025

Total155135115

Therefore while addressing the issue of increasing production of Rice, the main objective of the proposed Project is to increase the land under cultivation, the crop yields per hectare and the labor efficiency through farm mechanization and also to establish mechanism for raising levels of machinery hour utilization in all areas where farm mechanization equipments will be deployed.The proposed project area has the potential to achieve rice productivity of more than 5 tons per hectare while average productivity being realized is around 1 Tons per hectare. The complete package of improved management practices for rice ecologies includes: variety, method of land preparation, optimum planting date and density, fertilizer etc. there is vast scope for increasing the rice production through implementation of best crop production techniques as detailed below:(a) Land Selection: The most suitable soil for rice is one with a good effective depth, favorable morphological properties, good internal drainage, and an optimal moisture regime, sufficient and balanced quantities of plant nutrients and chemical properties that are favorable specifically for rice production. Available water alone does not provide all that is necessary in the physical environment for successful irrigated production. Problems with soils most frequently arise when they are either too heavy or too sandy. When soils have sand content of 60% or greater, the site may not be suitable for irrigation. Overly sandy soils have a high infiltration rate which results in excessive seepage losses in the canal network and in basins, and they have a low moisture retention capacity which reduces available soil water to the crop. In low-lying areas, heavy soils are sometimes found. In this case, infiltration rates may be so low that excessive time is needed for water application and poor internal soil drainage may also cause problems.

(b) Land Preparation and Tillage Practices: Soil cultivation, particularly primary tillage, is the foundation of any crop production system. Soil cultivation practices change the soils structure, hydraulic properties and stability to such an extent that plants grow and produce optimally. The aims of soil tillage are weed control, incorporation of residue, reducing wind and water erosion and improving soil structure. Secondary tillage is applied to control weeds and prepare a seedbed.Land preparations methods vary greatly from country to country. Conventionally, farmers have used an animal-drawn plow 3-5 times for land preparation. Usually, the cost of land preparation is about 25% of the total cost of rice production. With machines, the average cost of land preparation be reduced by 50%. In most of Asia, little mechanization is used to prepare land for planting. As soon as enough rain has fallen to permit initial land preparation, the field is plowed with an animal- drawn implement, then harrowed with a comb harrow to prepare a good seedbed and to firm up the soil. For instance, Indian farmers simply turn the soil over with country plows and pulverize it no more than 10 cm deep.Land preparation in Africa is primitive. Only about 2 percent of the total area is prepared with animals or equipment; female laborers are the primary source of power.TD Rotavator Cage Wheels & TD PuddlerAbout 98 percent of the rice land in Africa is prepared manually because draft cattle are scarce, most being susceptible to the trypanosome disease (Food and Agriculture Organization Inventory Mission 1970). A tractor-drawn harrow or cultivator was used for the first tilling, followed by puddling using a rotavator in the second round. Over and above these cost considerations, mechanization greatly reduced the time needed for land preparation. With machines, a 1-hectare rice field can be prepared in only 4.4 hours (range: 3.3-5.7 hours). This is