rhetorical analysis preparing to write the essay
TRANSCRIPT
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Rhetorical Analysis
Preparing to Write the Essay
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The Rhetorical Triangle / SOAPS
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S - Speaker
• Who is the writer/speaker/author?
• What are his credentials/his authority?
• What is his stance (position)?• Curious?
• Opinioned?
• Passionate?
• Indifferent?
• Something else?
Knowing all of this about the speaker affects how you understand the text, whether you agree or disagree take it seriously, etc.
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O - Occasion
• When?• Where?• What caused the writing to
happen?• What’s the broader issue, the big
picture?• The immediate situation?
• Atmosphere
• Attitudes
• Events
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A - Audience
• Who is the intended audience?
• Are you a member of that group?
• If not, you should plan to look up
unfamiliar terms/concepts
Might you run into ideas/assumptions/philosophies that you DON’T agree with?
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P - Purpose
• WHY does the text exist?
• What is the writer’s goal?
• What does he want to achieve?• Entertain?
• Inform?
• Persuade?
• What does he want you to think or to do now?
Why are YOU reading this text?
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S - Subject
• What is the text about?• Specific / general?
• Current / timeless?
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Other Aspects to Consider…
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Genre
• What is the genre?
• Fiction?
• Nonfiction?
• Analysis?
• Essay?
• Something else?
Knowing the genre can help you anticipate key features.
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G - Genre Continued
• What is the medium the text is written in?• Speech?
• Essay?
• Letter?
• Book – fiction/nonfiction?
• Web?
Publisher / Sponsor?Date of publication?Reputable? Credible?
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Your Reaction to the Text
What is your initial reaction?
1. Emotional
2. Intellectual
Why do you think you had this reaction? Agree / disagree? Personal experiences / background? Personal beliefs / philosophies?
As much as possible, don’t let your own opinions color your analysis of the situation. That’s why you have to identify your opinions up front!
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Appeals
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ETHOS
• To demonstrate• Credibility
• Trustworthiness
• Consider the speaker’s:• Reputation
• Expertise / experience
• Knowledge
• Sincerity
• Any combination of the above
The speaker’s ethos gives the audience a reason for listening to this person on this subject.
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PATHOS
• Appeals to • Emotions
• Values
• Desires
• Hopes/fears/prejudices
There is great power in evoking an audience’s emotions.
TOOLS:• Figurative language• Personal anecdotes• Vivid imagery
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LOGOS
• Appeal to reason
• Uses clear, rational ideasTOOLS:• Specific details • Examples• Facts• Statistics• Charts• Graphs• Expert testimony
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Putting it All Together
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In Your Book Group
•Analyze the rhetorical situation in Einstein’s letter for SOAPS and G.
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In Your Book Group
•Analyze Lou Gehrig’s Farewell Speech
•Analyze Gehrig’s argument & appeals
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With ONE Partner
•Analyze Bush’s 9/11 speech
•Analyze Bush’s argument & appeals
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On Your Own
•Analyze the book’s rhetorical situation
•Analyze the author’s argument & appeals
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In Your Book Group
Share your rhetorical analysis of your book
• Discuss
• Add
• Modify