rewetting of tropical peat swamp forest in sebangau ... · this project design document prepared...

REWETTING OF TROPICAL PEAT SWAMP FOREST IN SEBANGAU NATIONAL PARK, CENTRAL KALIMANTAN, INDONESIA

2012 Project Design Document for Validation oddenthe Climate, Community and Biodiversity Project DdsigonStaodaedsnSdciodnEditio

Prepared by: WWF-Indonesia Sebangau Project

Withncioteib tiosn eiom

WWF-Germany

Sdbaoga nNatioaln aern Ocd

WioeicrnIotdeoatioal

RdoitdnSdosiognSil tiosn obb

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Executive Summary

This Project Design Document was prepared for the project “Rewetting of Tropical Peat Swaopn Fiedstn ion Sdbaoga n Natiioaln aer.” Sdbaoga n Natiioaln aer is a peat swamp forest located in Central Kalimantan, Indonesia that was previously a Production Forest logged under 13 concessions from 1970 to 19951. The project is included in the REDD+ Demonstration Activities implemented in conservation areas under Indonesia’s National Action Plan to Reduce b nEoission.n

After the ending of logging concessions in the area in 1995,n aon deani n illdgaln liggiogn bdgao.nnDuring this time numerous canals were dug by illegal loggers to transport logs out of the peat swamp forest.n nThese canals accelerate waterflow from the peatland, causing peat drainage and decomposition along with the release of associated greenhouse gases ( b ).nThdnaim of the project activity is to reduce b emissions from peat decomposition by rewetting the drained peatland through technical means. The project will implement a canal blicriognwhereby dams are established in drainage canals.n St didsn havdn shiwon thatn b n doissiios produced by tropical peat land are controlled by the ground water level in relation to the peat surface, and thded iedn reeping the water level near the peat sue acdn willn edd cdn b nemissions from peat decomposition.nn

Ion additiion tin edd ciogn b n doissiios,n edstieatiion i n oat ealn hydeiligicaln cioditiiosn isndxpdctddn tin eds ltn ion thdn edcivdeyn i n thdn pdatn swaopn iedstn dcisystdon ion Sdbaoga .nnRewetting the peat will support vegetation regrowth, enabling the recovery and expansion of wildlife populations including the endangered Bornean orangutan. The project area is an iopietaotn ieaog taon habitat.n An survey conducted between 2006 and 2007 showed a population of around 5,400niodivid alnieaog taosnionSdbaoga nNatiioaln aer.2

Construction of the dams began with pilot activities in 2004 with massive scaling-up of the activities starting in 2009.nBy 2011, with funding support from two German sponsors, Deutsche Post and Krombacher, the project had built 431 dams in the Bar og,nBaogah,naodnRasa nRivdensub-catchments in the eastern part of Sebangau National Paer3.

Local communities have been involved in the project since its inception due to the importance of the project area for fishing and jelutung sap (wildn e bbde) collection.n Three extended families in the nearby village of KdedognBaogrieainclaim traditional management rights over the three Sub-catchments and for four generations families have depended on fishing in marshlands and tributaries of the Sebangau River for their livelihoods.nCioo oitids,ndspdciallyn

1 Sdbaoga nN nMaoagdodotn laon2007nBiirn2,np.nI-74 2 aodan A,n ao ograsn B,n AocedoaznM.n 2010.n The Population Status Of Bornean Orang-Utans (Pongo pygoad sn W eobii)n Ion Sdbaoga n Natiioaln aern Cdotealn Kalioaotaon Iodiodsia.n apden edsdotddn ionIotdeoatiioalnWiershipnion eaog taonCiosdevatiio,nBalin15-16 July 2010. 3 San Afri Awang_2006 - Collaboration Management Plan of Sebangau NP.pd ,n p.n 28-33 [for further information should refer to: Tim PdodlitinWWF.n2004a.nLapieaonpdlarsaoaaon jincibanpdoabataonpaeitndinparit Sami – S ogain Baogahn Kab patdon laogn isa n Kalioaotaon Tdogah.WWFn Iodiodsia-Sebangau eijdctnBdrdejasaoanddogaonDioasnKdh taoaondaon derdb oaonKab patdon laogn isa .]

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the fishermen who fish intensively in the area, were consulted on the design of dams.n Ionthe canals which are frequently used for fishing and transporting jelutung sap the dam is made with a spillway, so that boats can stillnpass.nCioo oitidsnare also involved in the construction and maintenance of dams.

Restoration of natural hydrological conditions and peatland ecosystem recovery will ultimately bdod itnlicalncioo oitidsnthatnddpdodnionthdnpdatlaodnedsi ecdn ienthdienlivdlihiids. Further, thdn aviidaocdn i n iedsn d dn tin edwdttiogn isn i n bdod itn ien thdn licaln pdipld. Marshlands are important spawning grounds for fish populations, therefore rewetting of marshlands that have been drained by the canals will result in more productive fishing ien licaln ishdeodo.nAs well, the filling of canals with water will allow the gatherers of jelutung sap to increase activities and gain economicnbdod its.

Figure 1 Fishermen's shelters in a tributary of the Sebangau River in the project area

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Table of Contents Executive Summary ........................................................................................................................ i

GENERAL SECTION ........................................................................................................................ 1

1.n eigioalnCioditiiosnionthdn eijdctnAeda .............................................................................. 1

1.1.n dodealnIo ieoatiio .................................................................................................... 1

1.2.nClioatdnIo ieoatiio................................................................................................... 15

1.3.nCioo oitynIo ieoatiio ............................................................................................ 15

1.4.nBiidivdesitynIo ieoatiio ............................................................................................ 22

2.nBasdliodn eijdctiios.......................................................................................................... 28

2.1.nLaod-use scenario ...................................................................................................... 28

2.2.nAdditiioality .............................................................................................................. 28

2.3.nCaebionsticrnchaogds ................................................................................................ 31

2.4.nCioo oitynwithi tnpeijdct ...................................................................................... 31

2.5.nBiodiversity without project ...................................................................................... 33

3.n eijdctnDdsigonaodn ials .................................................................................................. 34

3.1.nMajienclioatd,ncioo oitynaodnbiidivdesitynibjdctivds ............................................ 34

3.2.n eoject activities ........................................................................................................ 35

3.3.n eijdctnlicatiio .......................................................................................................... 38

3.4.n eijdctnpdeiid ............................................................................................................ 39

3.5.nRisrsnaodnoitigatiionodas eds .................................................................................. 40

3.6.nMaiotdoaocdni nbighnCiosdevatiionVal ds ............................................................... 41

3.7.nBdod itsnbdyiodnpeijdctnli dtiod ............................................................................... 42

3.8.nStardhilddesncios ltatiio ......................................................................................... 42

3.9.nCCBAncioodotnpdeiid .............................................................................................. 44

3.10.nCio lictnedsil tiionaodngeidvaocdnodchaoiso ........................................................ 45

3.11.n eijdctn ioaocialns ppiet ......................................................................................... 46

4.nMaoagdodotnCapacitynaodnBdstn eacticd ......................................................................... 46

4.1.n eijdctnpeipiodot ..................................................................................................... 46

4.2.nTdchoicalnsrills ........................................................................................................... 46

4.3.nCapacitynb ildiog ....................................................................................................... 47

4.4.nCioo oityndopliyodotnippiet oitids .................................................................... 48

4.5.nWierdes’neights .......................................................................................................... 49

4.6.nWierdensa dty ............................................................................................................ 50

4.7.nFioaocialnhdalthni niopldodotatiioniegaoizatiio ..................................................... 50

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5.nLdgalnStat snaodn eipdetynRights ...................................................................................... 50

5.1.nCiopliaocdnwithnoatiioalnaodnlicalnlaws .................................................................. 50

5.2.nAppeivaln eionappeipeiate authorities ..................................................................... 54

5.3.nCiopliaocdnwithnpeipdetyneights ............................................................................... 54

5.4.nIovil otaeynedlicatiio ............................................................................................... 55

5.5.nIlldgalnactivitids .......................................................................................................... 55

5.6.nCaebioneights ............................................................................................................. 55

CLIMATE SECTION ....................................................................................................................... 57

CL1.nNdtnClioatdnIopacts ........................................................................................................ 57

CL2.n sitdnClioatdnIopactsn(Ldaragd) ................................................................................... 59

CL3.nClioatdnIopactnMioitieiog ............................................................................................. 61

COMMUNITY SECTION ................................................................................................................ 67

CM1.nNdtnCioo oitynIopacts ................................................................................................ 67

CM1.1.nIopactnioncioo oity............................................................................................. 67

CM1.2.nIopactni nbighnCiosdevatiionVal ds....................................................................... 68

CM2.n sitdnStardhilddenIopacts .......................................................................................... 68

CM2.1.n itdotialni sitdniopacts ......................................................................................... 68

CM2.2.nMitigatiionplaoni npitdotialnodgativdniopacts ....................................................... 69

CM2.3.nNdtnstardhilddeniopacts ......................................................................................... 69

CM3.nCioo oitynIopactnMioitieiog ..................................................................................... 69

CM3.1.nCioo oitynoioitieiognplao .................................................................................. 69

CM3.2.nbighnCiosdevatiionVal dsnoioitieiognplao ............................................................ 70

BIODIVERSITY SECTION ............................................................................................................... 71

B1.nNdtn isitivdnBiodiversity Impacts ..................................................................................... 71

B1.1.nBiidivdesityniopacts ................................................................................................... 71

B1.2.nIopactnionbighnCiosdevatiionVal ds ......................................................................... 72

B1.3.nSpdcidsn sddnbynthdnpeijdct ....................................................................................... 73

B1.4.nExiticnspdcidsnionthdn eijdctnAeda .............................................................................. 73

B1.5.n dodticallynMidi iddn egaoisos ................................................................................ 73

B2.n sitdnBiidivdesitynIopacts .............................................................................................. 73

B2.1.n itdotialni sitdnbiidivdesityniopacts ........................................................................ 73

B2.2.nMitigatiionplaoni ni sitdnbiidivdesityniopacts .......................................................... 73

B2.3.nEval atiioni npitdotialnodgativdni sitdnbiidivdesityniopacts ................................... 74

B3.nBiidivdesitynIopactnMioitieiog ........................................................................................ 74

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B3.1.nBiidivdesityniopactsnoioitieiog ................................................................................ 74

B3.2.nbighnCiosdevatiionVal dsniopactsnoioitieiog .......................................................... 74

B3.3.nMioitieiognplaoniopldodotatiio .............................................................................. 75

References Cited ......................................................................................................................... 75

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Supplementary Documents SD1.nDocumentation of Free, Prior and Informed Consent Process

SD2.nAgeddodotn eionRivdenbilddesn

SD3.nMiUnAoiogn eioaeynStardhilddes

SD4.nCioo oicatiionaodn eidvaocdnMdchaoiso

SD5.nREDDn eigeaonRd deealnaodn pdeatiioaln laonionSdbaoga nN naodnTdssinNilinN

SD6.nLdttdeni nS boissiioni nSdbaoga nN nREDDnRdgisteatiio

List of Figures Figure 1 Fishermen's shelters in a tributary of the Sebangau River in the project area

Fig edn2nLicatiioni nSdbaoga nNatiioaln aer,nCdotealnKalioaotaon eiviocd,nIodiodsia

Figure 3 Mdaonoiothlyneaio allnaodndvapieatiion(oo)nionSdbaoga nNational Paer

Figure 4 Optimal hydrological conditions for the growth of peat swamp forest

Figure 5 Schematic picture of the water balance of a tropical peatland

Figure 6 Long term record of measured groundwater levels in intact peat swamp forest

Figure 7 Relationship between CO2 emission and groundwater levels for the tropical, temperate and boreal areas

Fig edn8nWatdewaysnionthdnpeijdctnaeda

Figure 9 2009 forest cover in the project area

Figure 10 Sebangau hydrological restoration area

Fig edn11nSdbaoga npeijdctnziod

Figure 12 Deiddn ishn eionKdedognBaorieainsildnodaenthdneiadntinBdojaeoasio

Figure 13 Temporary fishing shelter in the Sebangau river

Figure 14 Bornean Orangutan

Figure 15 eibiscisnoiordy

Figure 16 Bornean clouded leopard

Figure 17 Rhinoceros hornbill

Fig edn18 Google Satellite view showing the Sebangau forest next to the degraded area of the ex-mega rice project

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Figure 19 Local woman collecting jelutung sap in the forest

Figure 20 Construction of a simple dam in the Timba canal of Rasau watershed

Figure 21 Dam in Rasau

Figure 22 Location of project activities and its surrounding

Figure 23 Simple dam and permanent dam

Fig edn24nLicatiionaodntypdni ndaosnionBaraog,nRasa ,nand Bangah Subcatchments

Fig edn 25n Sdbaoga n Natiioaln aern datn Rdwdttiogn eijdctn Cioo oicatiion aodn eidvaocdnMechanism

Figure 26 WWF/N nFidldnstatiionatnSSIncaoalnisn sddn ienwiershipsnwithnthdnlicalncioo oitids,nschool classes and other training and capacitynb lildiognp episds.nAnoiddlni nancaoalnwithndaonis shown

Figure 27 Sampling points for monitoring of ground water levels in the project area

Fig edn28nIostallatiioni nt bdwdllsn ienoioitieiogni ngei odnwatdenldvdlsnionthdnpeijdctnaeda

Figure 29 Community monitoring indicators

Figure 30 Bornean Orangutan

Rewetting of Tropical Peat Swamp Forest in Sebangau National Park

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GENERAL SECTION

G1. Original Conditions in the Project Area

G1.1. General Information The goal of the project is to reduce peat drainage and raise the groundwater level in the project area through the construction of dams based on a thorough hydrological analysis of the area accompanied by ongoing measurements of hydrological parameters in the watdeshdds.nAsnaneds ltni nhydeilogical restoration, significant emissions of CO2 from peatlands ionthdnpeijdctnaedanwillnbdnpedvdotdd.nAsnwdll, the raising of the groundwater level will increase the natural buffering capacity of peat forests oioioiziognthdneisrni nbith forest fires and floods.n

The conservation of the peat swamp forest will also help to restore the peatland ecosystem and reduce poverty of several thousand families which depend directly and indirectly on the sustainable use of peatland resources in the project area.n Additional activities implemented by WWF will further enhance livelihoods with income generating measures such as fish farming in the reservoir areas created by dams, afforestation with indigenous tropical species of commercial value, development of non-timber forest products such as rattan, handicraft materials, eco-tourism, other environmental services, fishery and sustainable farming.n

G1.1.1. The location of the project and basic physical parameters

The project area is located in Sdbaoga nNatiioaln aer (SN )n in Central Kalimantan Province, Republic of Indonesia, on the island i nBieodin(Fig edn2).n nSdbaoga nNatiioaln aer covers an area of 568,700nhanand was declared a protected area ion2004.


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Figure 2 Location of Sebangau National Park, Central Kalimantan Province, Indonesia

Thdn aer is part of a 734,700 ha large peat dome which contains the largest remaining continuous area of dense peat swamp forest in Borneo and stores a total of abi tn2.3n tni npeat soil carbon4. Bd iedn itnbdcaodnanNatiioaln aer,nthdnSdbaoga n iedst aedanwasnziodd as Production Forest.n n It was managed and logged under 13 logging concessions until the mid-1990s,n illiwddn byn aon dean i n illdgaln liggiogn otiln 2006.n Liggiogn activitids entailed the cioste ctiioni nanodtwierni naloistn1,000 transportation canals which accelerates water flow from the peat dome and leads tinpdatlaodndeaioagd.nThdndeaioagdni nthdnpdatndiodnthei ghnthese canals contributes to the lowering of the groundwater level, degradation and

4 JadoicrdnJ,nRieley JO, Mott C, Kimman P, Siegert F.n2008. Determination of the amount of carbon stored ionIodiodsiaonpdatlaods.nGeoderma 147: 151-158.


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decomposition of the peat and ultimately the destruction of the entire Sebangau forest dcisystdo.n

As soon as oxygen penetrates the drained peat corpus, micro-organisms begin to decompose the peat and to release considerable quantities of the b carbon dioxide (CO2).nReoccurring fires in drained peatlands accdldeatdn thisn peicdss.n Drainage of tropical peatland areas in Indonesia for logging purposes or for conversion into rice and palm oil plantations continues to bdnanrdynsource of greenhouse gas ( b ) doissiiosnionthdnci otey.nnThe drained peat forests of Central Kalimantan are considered an oajien eisrn ien b n doissiiosn because of their tremendous carbon stieds. In addition, the degradation of peat swamps in Central Kalimantan affects the socio-economic wellbeing of local populations that depend on the peatland resources for their livelihoods.

Thdngdodealnphysicalncioditiiosni nthdnpeijdctnlicatiionaednddsceibddnbdliw.

Climate The climate of Central Kalimantan is characterised by a rather constant temperature throughout the year, high humidity and high rainfall withnanoaerddnwdtnaodndeynsdasio.nAnnual rainfall varies between 2,000 and 4,000 mm and is influenced by periodic El Niño events which ca sdnanpeiliogddndeynsdasio.nThe average evaporation isn aielynciostaot,nvaeyiognbdtwddon3.5nmm day−1 and 4.8noonday−1 with a total of around 1500 mm per year.

Figure 3 shows a typical rainfall and evaporation pattern for Central Kalimantan with a clear wdtnaodndeynsdasio.n

Figure 3 Mean monthly rainfall and evaporation (mm) in Sebangau NP, Central Kalimantan (Weatherhawk mini station data, SSI Field Station WWF-Indonesia Central Kalimantan, 2011); P = Precipitation; Eto = Evapotranspiration

The dry season usually begins in May and lasts until October and the wet season lasts from Nivdobden otiln Apeil.n D eiogn thdn deyn sdasion thdn gei odwatden ldvdln ion thdn pdatn drops as pedcipitatiionddcedasds.

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Relief and Soils 100%ni nthdnpeijdctnaedanisn oddelaionbynpdat.nThe National Paernarea consists of a peat dome that arches between the Sebangau River to the east and the Katingan River to the west with a maximum elevation of 30nodtdes. It is approximately 70ronwiddnaodn120nronliog.nLird most Indonesian peatlands the Sebangau peat doodnisniobeigdoi s,ni.d. rainfall is the only source i n watden aodn o teidots.n Peat consists of dead, partially decomposed plant remains (te ors,nbranches and roots of trees within a matrix of almost structureless organic material that also originates from raio iedstnplaots,noistlyntedds)nthatnhavdnacc o latddnionthdnlaodns e acdn ienmillennia under waterlogged conditions5.

Radiocarbon dating suggests that some sub-coastal peatlands on Borneo started to accumulate around 26,000 years ago (latdn pldisitcdod)nwhile coastal peatlands commenced their development only between 6000 and 2000 years BP (daelyn hilicdod)6, when organic matter accumulation started.

Initially, these peat deposits were covered with pristine peat swamp forest but, as a result of economic development during the past two decades, they have been subjected to intensive liggiognaodndeaioagd.

The relief, peat depths and carbon storage of the Sebangau peat dome have been modelled by Jadoicrdn dtn aln (2008)7.n After calculating peat dome volumes, the carbon storage can be dstioatdd.n Thdn aoi otn i n caebion sdq dstdeddn ion pdatn ddpdodsn ion thd carbon content, odas eddnion%,naodnb lrnddosity.nBithnval dsnvaeyn ie different peat types.nAndeynb lrnddosityni n 0.1n g/co3 tigdthdenwithn an caebion ciotdotni n 58%ncaonbe regarded as an average for the tropical peat in Indonesia.

Hydrology A natural peat swamp forest (Figure 4)n octiiosn asn an edsdeviien i n watde,n caebion aodnbiidivdesity.n dodeallyngei odwatdenldvdlsnaednclisdntinlaodns e acd,ncaebionisnsdq dstdeddnatnanrate of approximately 1 mm peat accumulation per year, and the area is rich in flora and fauna iocl diognthdneaedn eaog tao.

Thdnwatdendeaioiogn eionthisnpdatlaodnisnblacrniwiogntinhigh levels of humic and fulvic acids, polyphenols and other products of iegaoicnoattdenddciopisitiio.

5 agdn SE,nWüstn RA,nWdissnD,n Ridldyn J ,n ShityrnW,n Lioion Sb.n 2004.n An edciedn i n Latdn ldisticdodn aodnbilicdodn caebion accumulation and climate change from an equatorial peat bog (Kalimantan, Iodiodsia)mnioplicatiiosn ienpast,npedsdotnaodn t edncaebiondyoaoics.nJ Quaternary Sci 19:625–635 6 agd,n S,n biscilin A,nWistdo,n b,n Ja hiaiodo,n J,n Silvi s,nM,n Ridldy,J,n Ritzdoa,n b,n Tansey, K, Graham, L, Vasaodde,nb,nLioio,nS.n2009.nRdstieatiiondciligyni nliwlaodnteipicalnpdatlaodsnionSi thdastnAsiamnC eedotnroiwlddgdnaodn t ednedsdaechndiedctiios.nEcisystdosn12mn888-905. 7 JadoicrdnJ,nRidldynJ ,nMittnc,nKiooaon ,nSidgdetnF.n2008.nDetermination of the amount of carbon stored ionIodiodsiaonpdatlaods.nGeoderma 147, 151-158.


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Figure 4 Optimal hydrological conditions for the growth of peat swamp forest

Figure 5 shows the water balance in a tropical peatland and it indicates that a considerable portion of the rainfall is transported through the peat surface layer towards the drainage canals while only a small portion of the rainfall infiltrates the deeper peat laydes.n ei odwatdenldvdlsn l ct atdnionthdnpdatns e acdnlayde.

Figure 5 Schematic picture of the water balance of a tropical peatland. The size of the arrows gives a qualitative indication of the importance of each component8

Figure 6 shows groundwater levels as measured in an intact peat swamp forest in the north of Sdbaoga .n Ion oistn ydaesn gei odwatden ldvdlsn stayn withion an eaogdn atn laodn s e acdn tilln 40n conbelow land surface and they reflect the rainfall patterns with a wet and dry sdasio.nIondeynElnNiñinydaesngei odwatdenldvdlsnoayndeipntin100nconbdliwnlaodns e acd.

As soon as groundwater levels fall below land surface, oxygen enters the soil profile and the peicdssni npdatnixidatiionstaets.nThdndddpden thdngei odwatden ldvdl,n thdnhighden thdnixidatiioneatd.nAsn shiwon ion Fig edn6 also groundwater levels in an intact peat swamp forest fluctuate withn thdn eds ltn thatn d eiogn deyn pdeiidsn pdatn ixidizdsn whildn d eiogn wdtn pdeiidsn pdatnacc o latds.n

8 Dd eids,nB.n2010.nMioitieiognthdnE dctsni nbydeiligicalnRdstieatiionE ietsnionDdgeadddnTeipicaln datlaodsnCdotealnKalioaotao,nIodiodsia.nWagdoiogdonUoivdesity


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Figure 6 Long term record of measured groundwater levels in intact peat swamp forest in the Sebangau catchment as measured by Takahashi et al (2004)9 Figure 7 shows the relationship between CO2 emission and groundwater levels for the tropical, tdopdeatdn aodn biedaln aeda.n Asn shiwon highn tdopdeat edsn ca sdn highn doissiiosn whildn alsinemissions increase with lower gri odwatdenldvdls.

Figure 7 Relationship between CO2 emission and groundwater levels for the tropical, temperate and boreal areas

Interrelationships between peat and water were studied using a hydropedological modelling approach for adjacent relatively intact and degraded peatland in Central Kalimantan,

9 Tarahashi,nb.,nUs p,nA.,nbayasara,nb.,nKaoiya,nM.,nLioio,nS.b.,n2004.nThdniopietaocdni ngei odnwatdenldvdlnaodnsiilnoiist edni ns bs e acdnlaydenionpdat/ iedstn iednionanteipicalnpdatnswaopn iedst.nIomn äiväodo,nJ.n(Ed.),nWisdnUsdni n datlaods.nVil odn1.n roceedings of the 12th International Peat Congress, Tampere, Finland, 6–11nJ odn2004.nIotdeoatiioaln datnSicidty,nJyväsrylä,nFiolaod,np.n760.

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Indonesia10.nThdndasyntinibsdevdnddgeddni npdatnh oi icatiionpeividddngiidng idaocdn ienthdnassignment of more difficult to measure saturated hydraulic conductivities to the acrotelm–catitdlon hydeiligicaln systdo.n Iddally,n tin pedvdotn s bsiddocdn aod fire, groundwater levels shi ldnbdnoaiotaioddnbdtwddon40nconbdliwnaodn100nconabivdnthdnpdatns e acd.nCalc latddngroundwater levels for different years and for different months within a single year showed that these levels can drop deeper than the critical threshold of 40 cm below the peat surface whilstn liidiogni noiednthaon100nconabivdnthdns e acdnwasnalsinibsdevdd.nIonJ lyn1997,nandeynElnNiño year, areas for which deep groundwater levels were calculated coincided with areas that wdednion iednasnddtdctddn eioneadaen ioagds.nThdnedlativdlyn iotactnpdatlaodnshiwdd resilience towards disturbance of its hydrological integrity whereas the degraded peatland was s scdptibldn tin ied.n bydeipddiligical modelling identified areas with good restoration potential based on predictddn liidiognddpthnaodnd eatiio.

Owing to the liwnb lrnddosityni noistni nthdnpdat,nteipicalnpdatlaodsnhavdnanhighnpieisitynaod,nas a consequence, a high water-holding capacity that provides them with an important water regulation octiionwithn edspdctn tin diwostedaon teipicaln liwlaods.nUodde natural conditions tropical peatlands serve as reservoirs of fresh water, moderate water levels, reduce storm-flow and maintain river flows, even in the dry season, and they buffer against saltwatdeniote siio.

The waterways in and around the project area are shown in Figure 8.n Sdvdealn odtwiersn i ncaoalsn deaion iotin thdn Baogah,n Bar og,n Rassa n Rivdes,n whichn deaion iotin thdn Sdbaoga n Rivde.nnSome canals drain diedctlyniotinthdnSdbaoga nRivde.

10 Wöstdon JbM,n Clyoaosn E,n agdn SE,n Ridldyn J ,n Lioio,n Sb.n 2008.n Peat-water interrelationships in a tropical peatland dcisystdonionSi thdastnAsia.nCatena 73: 212-224.


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Figure 8 Waterways in the project area

Thdnodtwierni ncaoalsn ionthdnpeijdctnaedanaccdldeatdsndeaioagdni nwatden eionthdnpdatndiodntiwaedsn thdn Sdbaoga nRivde.nBlicriogn thdn caoalsn ion thdn Sdbaoga nNatiioaln aern isn i n ce cialnimportance as it is the only way to restore the hydrological integrity of the peat swamp forest whichnisnceiticalntin l ilnitsnoat ealneildnasnedsdeviieni nwatde,ncaebionaodnbiidivdesity.

G1.1.2. The types and condition of vegetation within the Project Area

Siocdn thdn peijdctn aedan isn licatddn ion an Natiioaln aern aod land use conversion and timber extraction activities are consequently banned by law, most of the area is covered by natural forest and can be classified as lowland tropical peat swamp forest, though forest fires especially during the 1997 ENSO11 event have left burn scars scattered throughout the project aeda.nnAsnwdll,nsiodndxpliitatiioni nthdnSdbaoga npdatn iedstsnicc eeddnbd iedncedatiioni nthdnnational paernldaviognpatchdsni ncldaeddnaedas.

The pdatn swaopn iedstn dcisystdon ion Sdbaoga n Natiioaln aer,n acciediogn tin thdn BiiligynResearch Center of Indonesian Institute of Sciences, contains a unique diversity of typical flora lirdnramin (Gonystylus bancanus),njelutung (Dyera costulata),nbelangeran (Shorea belangeran),nbintangur (Calophyllum sclerophyllum),n meranti (Shorea spp.),n nyatoh (Palaquium spp.),nkeruing (Dipterocarpus spp.),nagathis (Aghatis spp.),naodnmenjalin (Xanthophyllum spp.)12.

11 El Niño Southern Oscillation 12 2007.nLI IIodiodsia


10

Biodiversity and structure of the Sebangau peat swamp forest is dependent on peat dome ste ct ednaodno teidotnavailabilitynionsiils.nnChaogdsnion iedstnziodsnsddontin illiwnthdnshapdni nthdnpdatndiod,ns ggdstiognaneildn ienpeixioityntineivden liidnldvdlsnaodnpdatnthicrodssnon these forest growth-ddtdeoioiogn acties.nVegetation in the project area can be classified as follows13:

Riverine forest: This forest type is located between freshwater swamp forest with peat swamp iedst.n Itn isn licatddn clisdn tin thdn eivden (+ up to one mildn eion thdn eivde)n aodn alwaysn liidddnd eiognthdneaioynsdasio.n dodeallynthdnddpthni npdatnionthisnaedanisnvdeynthion(+ pniotinthdn1.5nodtde).nThdnvdgdtatiionionthisn iedstntypdnisnShorea balangeran, where this species is the one that can reach a height of 35nodtdes.n thdencaoipynlaydengdodeallyncaoniolynedachnanhdightni n25-35 meters with vegetation such as Calophyllum spp.,n Campnosperma coriaceum and Combretocarpus rotundus, and then Thorachostachyum bancanum atnthdnbittionlayde.

Mixed swamp forest: This forest type usually can be found starting from the borders of the diodni npdatn pntin4nro.n datnddpthsngdodeallyneaogdnbdtwddon2-6nodtdes.n dodeallynstaodsnionthis forest type is high and stratified, with the highest canopy layer can reach 35 meters, the middle layer ranges between 15-25 meters and the bottom are generally more open overgrown by plants with a high range between 7-12nodtdes.nThisn iedstntypdnisnchaeactdeizddnalso by the many plants that have stilt or buttres roots; pneumatophores are also oftenly i od.n laotn spdcidsn ciooiolyn i odn ion oixddn iedstn typdsn aedn Aglaia rubuginosa, Calophyllum hosei, Calophyllum lowii, Calophyllum sclerophyllum, Combretocarpus rotundatus, Cratoxylum glaucum, Dactylocladus stenostachys, Dipterocarpus coriaceus, Dyera costulata, Ganua mottleyana, Gonystylus bancanus, Mezzetia leptopoda, Neoscortechinia kingii, Palaquium coclearifolium, Palaquium Leiocarpum, Shorea balangeran, Shorea teysmanniana and Xylopiafusca.

Low pole forest: This forest type is generally found in areas between 6-11nron eionthdneivdenwith a depth of peat ranges between 7-10nodtdes.n dodeallyngei odnwatdenldvdln(watde-tabld)naedn pdeoaodotlyn highn aodn iedstn liien isn vdeyn ocdetaio.n Thdn teddsn geiwn ion islaodsn s chn asnh ooicrsn sdpaeatddn byn thdn watden whichn willn gdodeallyn disappdaen d eiogn thdn deyn sdasio.nPneumatophores ab odaotnaodngeiwiogntightlynionthdnpdatn liie.nThisntypdnisniolyn i odniontwinlayers of the canopy with a height of 20 meters while the lower layer reaches 12-15 meters with a relativdlynoiednddosdncioditiios.n laotnspdcidsnthatnaednciooiolyn i odnionthisn iedstntype is Combretocarpus rotundus, Calophyllum fragrans, Calophyllum hosei, and rarely found Campnosperma coriaceum and Dactylocladus stenostachys.n aodao sn geiwsn ion an tightlynformation and Nephentes spp. isnvdeynab odaot.

High stand forest (tall interior forest): This forest type is generally located on the slope of the pdatndiod,n eion12nron(whdednthdednisnancldaenchaogdnion iedstntypdsntiwaedsnliwnpildn iedst)ntinoiedn thaon24.5nro,nwithnanddpthni npdatn caon edachnoiedn thaon12nodtdes.nWatden ldvdln isnalways below thdnpdatns e acdnthei ghi tnthdnydae.nThdnhighdstncaoipynlaydencaonedachn45nonand the bottom layer can be distinguished between the middle layer with a height between 15-25n odtdesn aodn liwden thaon 8-15n odtdes.n laotn spdcidsn thatn are commonly found in this community is Agathis damara, Calophyllum hosei, Calophyllum Lowii, Cratoxylum glaucum,

13 agdnSE,nRidldynJ ,nShityrn W,nWdissnD.n1999.nInterdependence of peat and vegetation in a tropical pdatnswaopn iedst.n hilisiphicalnTeaosactiiosmnBiiligicalnScidocds,n354n(1391)mn1885-1897.


11

Dactylocladus stenostachys, Dipterocarpus coriaceus, Dyera costulata, Eugenia havelandii, Gonystylus bancanus, Gymnostoma sumatrana, Koompassia malaccensis, Mezzetia leptopoda, Palaquium coclearifolium, Palaquium leiocarpum, Shorea teysmanniana, Shorea platycarpa, Tristania grandifolia, Vatica mangachopai, Xanthophyllum spp.,naodnXylopia spp.

Forest cover in Sebangau National Paernion2009nisnshiwonionFig edn9.nnAsn a result of legal and illegal logging activities in the past much of the project area is covered by Secondary Swamp Forest (Figure9).n

Figure 9 2009 forest cover in the project area

G1.1.3. The boundaries of the Project Area and the Project Zone

The hydrological restoration project is carried out in a 40,239 ha area of the Sebangau National aer.n The extent of the project area is dd ioddn byn oat eal,n hydeiligicaln bieddes,n i.d.n thdnSebangau River to the east, tributary streams to the southwest and north and the highest elevation of the peat dome to the northwest (Figure 10).


12

Figure 10 Sebangau hydrological restoration area

Two types of geographic boundaries are defined for the project in addition to the project area boundary following the selected methodology:

Watershed(s) of Interest: The one or more complete watersheds modeled to estimate the impact of project activitidsnionwatdenldvdlsnionthdnaedani nhydeiligicalnio l docd.

Excluded Area of Watershed(s): ThdnaedanwithionthdnWatdeshdd(s)ni nIotdedstnthatnaedni tsiddnthdnpeijdctnaedanbi odaey.

The geographic boundaries of the Watershed of Interest encompass one complete watershed within the peat dome and are based on watershed mapping with the SIMGRO model and on-the-gei odn ddliodatiion i n watdewaysn siogn an S.n Thdn tipigeaphicn cioditiiosn (dldvatiio,nslipd)nedpedsdotddnionthdnDTMngdodeatddn ienthdnpdatndiodnwdednaoalyzddnwithionthdnSIM R nmodel to determine the direction of water flow in the region and thus the Watershed of


13

Interest as described in the Project Boundary Report14.nnThe Excluded Area of Watershed from the project area comprises of three sections:

• Aedani nwatdeshddni tsiddnthdnbi odaeidsni nSdbaoga nNatiioaln aer • Area of the watershed with peat depths conservatively estimated as lower

than 30 cm • Area within the watershed on peat, but unaffected by the rewetting measures

ciod ctddnbynthdnpeijdct.

The lands included in the project area are entirely inside the boundaries of Sebangau National aer, on peat with a depth of more than 30cm and affected by the rewetting measures conducted by the project.nMapsni nthdnWatdeshddni n Iotdedst,nthdn eijdctnBi odaey,naodnthdnSdbaoga nNatiioaln aernBi odaeynwhichnsdgedgatdsnthdnExcl dddnAedani nWatdeshddn eionthe area inside the Project Boundary are provided in digital format in the supplementary documents to the VCS PD1516.nnn

Thdncaebionpeijdctnaedanbi odaeyn iocl ddsnthdns bcatchodotsni nRasa ,nBar ognaodnBaogah Rivers withionSdbaoga nNatiioaln aernwhere the construction of dams tards placd.nThe eastern part of the Sebangau catchment was selected for hydrological restoration due to its vicinity to the city of alaogranRayanaodnedlativdlyneasy access via the Sebangau River and its tributaries.nn

Stardhilddesniovilved and/or impacted by the project include local community members who access the project area to fish and collect jelutung (wildn e bbde)n sap.n Mappiogn i n thdn rdynstardhilddesn was initially completed in 2004 and has been continuously updated in the implementation of activities in the field17.nTraditional rights to the three tributary rivers and their associated subcatchments in the project area are claimed by three extended families liviogn ion Kdedogn Baogrieai,n aon ildn villagdn ion thdn oiethn siddn i n Sdbaoga n Natiioaln aer.nnFishdeodoni tsiddnthdn aoilidsnaednalsinalliwddntin ishnionthdntheddns bcatchodots.nnAllni nthdn ishdeodon accdssiogn thdn theddn s bcatchodotsn edsiddn ion Kdedogn Baogrieai,n b tn thdyn havdntemporary shelters built in 12 clusters along River Sebanga .nnFishdeodonlivdnionthdntdopieaeynshdltdesnei ghlynanlittldnoiednthaonhal ni nthdnydae. While families claiming traditional rights to the rivers in the lands included within the project boundary are local to the area, most of the owners of the canals are outsiders from South Kalimantan, Java, Madura and Sumatera who came to the area for the illegal logging trade, and only a few are local people.n After illegal logging was banned most of the outsiders returned to their place of origin or moved to other locatiios.nn

14 VCSn Dn Aoodxn 12n eijdctn bi odaeyn edpietmn Sdbaoga n Natiioaln aern datn Rdwdttiogn eijdctn – Definition of Project Boundary Report15 VCS PD Annex 7 GIS data: Project Boundary 15 VCS PD Annex 7 GIS data: Project Boundary 16 VCS PD Annex 7 GIS data: Sebangau Natiioaln aernBi odaey 17 StardhilddenAoalysismn edsdotnaodnF t ednActiiosnionThdnSdbaoga nAedan(CdotealnKalioaotao)nBasddnion deaednAn desiionMissiionRdpietn(8-20)nMaechn2004.


14

Figure 11 Sebangau project zone

Thdn peijdctn ziod is defined as the watershed of interest and groups that derive income, livelihood, or cultural values from the project area(Figure 11).

The geographic area included in the peijdctn ziodn is the watershed of interest, which is comprised of the complete and intact watersheds modeled to estimate the impact of project activitidsn ionthdnaedani nhydeiligicaln io l docd. Project impacts on carbon, communities, and biidivdesitynaednliorddntinthdndiedctniopactni nthdnpeijdctnactivitidsnionwatdenldvdlsnionthdnaedan


15

of hydrological influence, therefore lands outside of the watershed of interest are not ciosiddeddnpaetni nthdnpeijdctnziod. Communities includddnionthdnpeijdctnziodnaedngei psni npeople living in temporary fishing villages adjacent to the project area as well as groups of pdipldnwhinteavdlnedg laelyn eionthdncioo oitidsni nKdedognBaogrieainaodn ae ogntinvisitnthdnproject area to fish and collect non-timber forest products (NTF )nand thereby derive income, livdlihiid,nienc lt ealnval dsn eionthdnaeda.

G1.2. Climate Information

G1.2.4. Carbon stocks

datnswaopn iedstncaebionisnpeioaeilynstieddnionthdnpdatnsiil.n LIDAR data analysis showed that the surface of the Sebangau peat dome towards the centre is elevated by a maximum of 13 m above its margins with an avdeagdngeadidotni n0.7nonpdenriliodtednwhichnappdaesn latnwhdonionthe field. Thdn eds ltni n thicrodssnoiddlliogn edvdalsn aonavdeagdnpdatn thicrodss of 5.4±0.95nonwithin the study area18. After calculating peat dome volumes, the carbon storage can be dstioatdd.n Thdn aoi otn i n caebion sdq dstdeddn ion pdatn ddpdodsn ion thd carbon content, odas eddnion%,naodnb lrnddosity.nBithnval dsnvaeyn ie different peat types.nAndeynb lrnddosityni n 0.1n g/co3 tigdthdenwithn an caebion ciotdotni n 58%ncaonbdn edgaedddnasn aonavdeagdn ien thdntropical peat in Indonesia.

biwdvde,npursuant to the carbon project methodology applied tindstioatdnedd ctiiosnion b nemissions generated by the project activity, CO2 emissions from peat oxidation are estimated considering the monthly mean average water levels relative to the peat surface in the project area and a CO2 doissiion actien lioriogn watden ldvdlsn tin C 2 doissiiosn eion ixidatiio. Thded iednact aln siiln caebionsticrsn ion thdnpeijdctnaedanhavdnoitnbddondstioatdd.nChaogdsn ionaboveground tree biomass are included in accounting but are conservatively assumed to be zdein ion thdn basdliodn aodn peijdctn casdn thded iedn act aln caebion sticrsn ion aboveground tree biioassnhavdnoitnbddondstioatddn ienthdnpeijdctnaeda.nnCaebionsticrnchaogdsnionabivdgei odnnon-tree biomass, belowground biomass, litter, and deadwood are conservatively omitted from accounting as allowed by the methodology and thus actual caebionsticrsnionthdsdnpiilsnhavdnalsinoitnbddondstioatdd.

G1.3. Community Information

G1.3.5. Community in the Project Zone

WWF Indonesia has gathered information on the socio-economic conditions, traditional practices, aodnroiwlddgdnion tilizatiioni nnatural resource in thdnpeijdctn ziodnasnpaetni n itsnactivities in the area since 2002.nA detailed baseline study to update the existing information

18 Jadoicrd,n J,nWöstdonb,nSidgdetnF,nB dioao,nA.n2010.nPlanning hydrologcal restoration of peatlands in Iodiodsian tin oitigatdn caebion diixiddn doissiios.n Mitigation and Adaptation Strategies for Global Change.nD In10.1007/s11027-010-9214-5.


16

were carried out in two phases in 2010 and 201119.n Additional information on NTFP collectors ionthdnpeijdctnziodnwasncaeeiddni tnion201320.

During the first phase completed in 2010 WWF Indonesia identified the main resource user groups in the peijdctn ziod.n Iddoti icatiionof the main user groups was accomplished bymn (i)ndirect observation of the fishing sheltersnionthdnaeda;n(ii)niotdevidwsntingdtnio ieoatiionionthe riodn i n ishn ion thdn peijdctn ziodn and estimation of annual catch volume.n Rds lts of the first phase showed the existence of 12 clusters of fishermen’s shelters in the area of intervention21.

In the second phase of the study in 2011, a questionnaire was used to gather information on the origin of the fishermen who use the fishing shelters, their family sizd,n hi sdhild assets including housing, transport equipment, fishing gear, and an estimation of incomes. The information from the questionnaire was complemented by in depth interviews with rdyninformants to obtain additional information on the river holder system, livelihoods and the level of well-being ion thdn peijdctn ziod.n Iotdevidws were also conducted with the Damang Kepala Adat (Customary Chief)n ion Kdedogn Baogrieai,n asn wdlln asn thdn ishdeodon in Garung—a village in the East of area of intervention—who sometimes fish along the Sebangau River22.

G1.3.6. Current land use in the Project Zone

Land within the Project Zone is not suitable for agricultural cultivation, and to date there is no claim to lands surrounding Sebangau National Paer where the status of land is Production Forest under State control.

Information derived from a cios ltatiionwiershipnion2003 shows that economic revenues of aloistn 80%n of Kereng Baogrieai households are generated by the exploitation of natural resources in areas surrounding the community, such as Sebangau Natiioaln aern aodn ithdennatural areas. Natural resources that are important in the region incl ddn t etlds,n soards,nshrimp, barako and peraca (types i n eigs),nbieds,nlizaedsnaodnithdenaoioals.nnParticularly during the dry season, catching of flying foxes or kalong isn pip lae.nNdtsn aedn p tn ion thdn caoipyn i nbliioiogn aodn e itiogn teddsnwhichn aedn visitddn byn thdn laegdn batsn d eiogn oightn tiod.n Thdyn aedncaught in large numbers and sold by piece at various places along the road side where town pdipldnb ynthdon ien iid. An adult kalong, which might weigh up to 700-800ngeaos,niolyncistsnIDR 4,000 (IDR 3,000n ien soallden iods)nwhichn isn abi tn an thiedn i n thdn peicdn ien an chicrdo. In addition to the selling of the live animals, cut and cleaned animals are also sold.n The gall (empedu)nisnsildnsdpaeatdlynfrom cleaned animals at a price of IDR 500nanpidcd.nItnisnsaidntinbdnangiidnoddiciodn ieno odei sncioplaiotsnb tn ienasthoanionpaetic lae.

Beside hunting in order to obtain bush meat (such as kalong aodn ddde)n ien controlling agricultural pests (pig and pigtail macaques in particular, and deer), licalnpdipldnlirdntincatchnaoioalsn tinrddpnthdonas pets or to sell them to others, especially birds (such as beos, small 19 Rosidi_2010_Relationship between Forest Fire and Fish Catch in Sebangau and Mahin 2011 - Socio EcioioicnBasdliodnS evdynionSdbaoga nNatiioaln aernaodnMahion2011n- Socio Economic Baseline Survey ionSdbaoga nNatiioaln aer 20 VCSn DnAoodxn18nStardhilddencios ltatiiomnRdpietn– Consultation with NTFP Collectors in SNP 21 Rosidi M, AosieinM.n2010.n St dynion thdnRdlatiioshipnBdtwddonFiedstn Fiedn aodn Fishiognion Sdbaoga nRivde.nWWFnIodiodsia.n 22 MahionM.n2011.nSiciinEcioioicnBasdliodnS evdynionSdbaoga nNatiioaln aer.nWWFnIodiodsia.


17

pigeons and others).nThere is a vibrant biednoaerdtnion alaogranRaya, with a wide variety of birds sold from IDR 50.000ntinoiednthaontwinoilliione piah. These activities are considered to bdnilldgalnionthdnNatiioaln aer.23 Daffodils, purun (wild grass used for weaving),ngaharu (alidsniendagldwiid)naodnujung hatap leaf, timber, and white clay (kaolin) are also collected.nAnother NTFP from the area is damar resin derived from a number of trees (Shorea sp., Vatica sp., Dryobalanops sp.).nThdnpeid ctnis used as adhesive in ship buildiogn activitids.n Licaln pdipldn gdtn abi tn IDR 500npden riligeao of resin.n Mistn i n thdn pdipldn engage in resin collection as a side activity, as it is not very profitable24.n Most community members earn a living as traditional fishermen, as gemor baern cilldcties (illdgaln ion thdn Natiioaln aer), and jelutung tappers.n In terms of income, the traditional freshwater fishing sector is the largest source of household revenues in the communities of thdn Sdbaoga n aeda.n In addition, the consultation wiership revealed that the use and dxteactiioni noat ealn edsi ecdsnaei odnKdedognBaogrieain is also carried out by migrants who temporarily come to thdnvillagd.nFor example pantung sap tapping was dominated by migrant wierdesnwith aneatiini n3.3m1 oigeaotntinlicalnwierdes.25

The prevailing perception has been that,nionthdnciotdxtni n tilizatiioni noat ealnedsi ecds,nthdntimber business generates a lot more income for local communities compared to other activities.nbiwdvde,n iotdevidwsnwithnoembers of thdnKdedognBaogrieai community show that income from fishing is highest followed by gemor baern cilldctiio and jelutung tapping.n Fienexample, an average monthly income is IDR 912,500 for fishermen, and IDR 754,167 and IDR 750,000 respectively for gemor (illdgalnionthdnNatiioaln aer)nand jelutung.nIn contrast the illegal logging business guarantees around only IDR 375.000 per month for laborers.

Although areas tilizddn ien ishiognaodnNTF ncilldctiionare now included within the boundaries of Sebangau Natiioaln aer,ndisputes ivdenthdneightsntin tilizdnthdneivdesnhave never occurrdd.nThdndstablishodotni n Sdbaoga nNatiioaln aerndidsnoitnpedvdotn stardhilddesn eionaccdssiognthdnpaern ien ishiognactivitdsnientingathdenNTF s.nNormally the families with rights to the rivers control activities that occur along the rivers, particularly fishing and activities such as transportation of NTFPs.nOther fishermen outside of the families are allowed to fish in the rivers, as long as they do not use more sophisticated equipment than the families with customary claims to the rivers.n

Minor conflicts have occurred occasionally when fishing equipment has been damaged, but the problems have so far been resolved by the Damang. The perpetrators are fined a sum of money which is paid to the owner of the damaged equipment. When problems occur, the families holding the rights to the Bar ognaodnRasa nRivers report to the Damang in Kereng 23 Aliay bnA.n2002.nAnSicii-Economic Profile of the Sdbaoga nWatdeshddnAeda,nCdotealnKalioaotao.nWWFnIndonesia p.n28-30. 24 Aliay bnA.n2002.nAnSicii-Ecioioicn ei ildni nthdnSdbaoga nWatdeshddnAeda,nCdotealnKalioaotao.nWWFnIndonesia 25 Municipality Government of alaogranRaya, WWF Indonesia - Central Kalimantan Sebangau Project. 2003. Rdpietni nWiershipnionUoddestaodiognSdbaoga nAedanCioditiiosnaodnthdnbipdn ienthdnF t ednionDisteictn ahaod t,nKdedognBdogrieai.


18

Baogrieai.nbiwdvde,n thdn family holding rights to the Bangah River reports to the Damang in Paduran Sebangau (Sub-disteictnK alanSdbaoga ,nDisteictn laogn isa ).nThe reporting system is a function of the proximity of the rivers to Kereng Baogrieai or Paduran.n

The primary land use activities of fishing, gemor collection, and jelutung tapping are described ion ethdenddtailnbdliw.

Fishing Fishing is an important source of livelihood in Central Kalimantan, so tilizatiio of fishery resources are highly regulated in the Project Zone.n According to traditional customs people are free to fish in main eivdes.nbiwdvdr, for tributaries aodnlards, management rights can be assigned to dxtdodddn aoilids.nFaoilidsngivdonthdneightntinoaoagdn ishdeidsnare the first who use the soallneivdenienlardniotdosivdly.nTinstedogthdonthdneightntineivdesnaodnlards,nthe Village bead (called Kepala Kampung in the past)niss ddnanldttdentinthdn aoilynciocdeodd. During the deani nilldgalnliggiognbd iednthdndstablishdodotni nSdbaoga nNatiioaln aer,ncaoalniwodesnasred river holders for permission to build a canal and payed a fee for timber removed through the river tinitsnhildde. As already described ionSdctiion .1.1.3, three extended families from Kereng Baogrieai village claim traditional rights to access rivers and fish ion thdn Bar og,n Rasa n aod Bangah subcatchments included in the project area.n Acciediogn tin Damang Kepala Adat in Kereng Baogrieai,nthdnc eedotnholders of the rivers are the fourth generation after the generation that first gained fishing rights to the rivdes.nC eedotlyndachni nthe three extended families holds a letter signed by Kepala Kampung (Villagdnbdad)ni n ahaod tn ion1958,nwhdonKdedognBaogrieainwasnj stnanhaoldtn odden ahaod tnadoioisteatiio.nThdnldttdenwas re-signed in 1961 by Kepala Kampung i nKdedognBdogrieai,nwhdonthdnhaoldtnbdcaodnaona tioioi snvillagd.

Basddn ion thdn s evdyn i n cioo oitynodobdesn ion thdn peijdctn ziod,n around two thirds of the edspioddotsn sildn edshn ish,n aodn thdn edstn sildn deiddn ish.n Thdn b ydesn ciodn eion thdien iwonodighbi ehiid,n Kdedogn Baogrieai,n ae og,n Aojien Kalaopaogao,n Pulang Pisau, Mandomai, as well as from Banjarmasin in South Kalimantan26.

26 Mahio.n2011


19

Figure 12 Dried fish from Kereng Bankirai sold near the road to Benjarmasin (© Kahlert, WWF)

The fishermdon catchn 11n riodsn i n ishn withn seven di dedotn tiils.n Thdn oistn avieddn tool is tampirai, a box-shaped fishing trap oaddni nwiidnaodnplasticnodsh.nAnwdalthyn ishdeoaonoaynhave 500 tampirais.nAei odn16%ni nthdnedspioddotsnhavdnoin ishiogngdae,naodnthdynwiern ir ithden ishdeodo.n76% of the respondents have permanent housing ion KdedognBaogrieai,n b tnthdynb iltnthdienh tsnaliognSdbaoga nRivdenwithnd eabldnwiidnoatdeials. Of the 35 fishermen shelters surveyed, 34% were aged over 10 years, 25% over 5 years, and 41% less than 5 years27.

In terms of sustainability of the business, the picture provided by the community indicates that fishing is practiced ydaen ei odn aodn isn oitn a dctddnbyn thdn chaogdni n sdasio.nbiwdvde,n pdarn ishiognsdasiosnicc eddnwhdonthdedn isn eapidnchaogdn (eisiognien edcddiog)ni nwatde level in the river. Fish population is however dwindling in part because of the exploitation by migrant fishermen from Garung and South Kalimantan, who illegally use dldcteicalnshicrntincatchnthdnfish along Sebangau River.

27 Mahio.n2011.n


20

Figure 13 Temporary fishing shelter in the Sebangau river (© Kahlert, WWF)

Gemor Collection and Jelutung Tapping In the past there were oaoyn riods of NTFP collected from the Sdbaoga n aeda,n d.g.n sapn i njelutung, hangkang and ketiau and gemor teddn baer.n Tiday,n d dn tin thdn ddpldtiion i n thdnresources, only jelutung sap and gemor baern(illegal in the Natiioaln aer)nare still collected in thdnaedanionansdasioalnoaoode.n Gemor is thdnbaerni nanteddn(Alseodaphne sp., Coriaceae sp., Lauraceae sp.) which is abundant in the peatland forest of Sebangau.nA tdenthdnbaernisnc tn eionthdntedd,n itn is dried and sold to local traders at a price of about IDR 2,800npden rilinof dried gemor.n Shipsn eionBaojaeoasioncome to collect the sacrs full of gemor.n Thdnoatdeialn isn sddn ion thdnpeid ctiioni noisq itinedpdlldotnb tnitnisnalsin sddnasnanriodni ngl dnionshipnb ildiog.n The degradation of the peatland ecosystem caused by drainage has had a negative impact on the gemor iod steyn ionthdnedgiio.n n Ion2002nin average about 50 tons of gemor was collected monthly from the lower part of the Sebangau River28. biwdvdenstarting in 2007, the quantity of gemor harvested began to decreas due to the fact that collectors needed to travel greater distances to find trees thatncaonbdnhaevdstdd. The harvesting of gemor has been unsustainable

28 Aliayub A.n2002. A Socio-Economic Profile of the Sebangau Watershed Aeda,nCdotealnKalioaotao.nWWF Iodiodsia.


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because tree cutting hasnoitntardoniotinacci otnthdnrate of natural regenaration of the species and their relatively slow growth in conditions of habitat disturbance29. According to the up to date information, there are around 100 gemor collectors and 10 jdl t ogn tappdesnwiering in the area of intervention of the REDD demonstration activity in Sdbaoga nNatiioaln aer30.nThdno obdenof individuals collecting gemor baernaodn jelutung sap fluctuates acciediogntinthdnpeicdni nthdnciooiditids.nAt the time the survey was conducted in 2013, more people were collecting gemor, for it had a higher price than jelutung sap, but the dominance of gemor baerncilldctiionwillnlirdlynbdntemporary and will change due to the price l ct atiio. Jelutung tappdesnwierniolynionthdnwdstnpaetni nRivdenBar og,nwhildnthdngemor cilldctiesnwierndvdeywhdedn thdyn caon iodn thdn tedds.nGemor teddn shi ldnbdn c tn tin cilldctn itsn baer,n b tn itnwillnrespei tn aodn caon bdn haevdstddn agaion a tden aei odn ivdn ydaes.n Jelutung tappers and gemor cilldctiesnwiersniolynionhighnwatdensdasio,naei odn ivdnoiothsnionanydae.nJelutung collection is still allowed in the National Paernbecause it has no significant impact on the overall ecosystem aodnacciediogntin ivdeoodotnRdg latiionNin28/2011,nteaditiioaln tilizatiion isnalliwddnionthdnNatiioaln aer,n whichn iocl ddsn cilldctiion i n oio-wood products and limited hunting of non-protected species31.n doie collection is illegal, therefore collectors will receive a warning eion thdn Natiioaln aern if they cut is too much gemor, which can be determined from the amount they remove from the area Most of the gemor collectors come from Sungai Sampang and Bahaur, two villages to the south of project area but in the same district of Pulang Pisau.n olyn aei odn 30%n i n gemor collectors live ionKdedognBaogrieai,nthe nearby village to the north of the project area where the rights holder of the three sub-catchments, Bar og,nRasa naodnBaogah, also live. Currently, all of the jelutung tappers come from Basarang, a transmigration site in the southeast of the peijdctnaedanthatnbdliogsntinKap asnDisteictn(thdnpeijdctnaedanbdliogsntin laogn isa nDisteict). Jelutung sap is an important non-tiobden iedstnpeid ctn eion thdn Sdbaoga n catchodotn aeda.nThe trees (Dyera costulata, D. Lowii)npeid cdnanoilrynsapnciopaeabldntine bbdentedds.nSapn is collected by oariogn aon iocisiio on thdn tedds.n ocdnoixddnwithn an chdoicalnproduct, the sap turns iotinanedlativdlynsilidnriodni ns bstaocd and is sold to local traders.n Traders regularly sell the product to a wholesale dealer in PalaogranRaya,n .T.n Saopit.n Thisn laegd firm, which also ddalsn ion e bbden aodn vaeii sn riodsn i n eattao,n dxpietsn thdn jelutung mainly to Japan32. The collectors receive a price of IDR 250,000npden100nriligeaosn(kuintal).nAs a result of the recent forest fires and illegal logging in the past, many jelutung trees have been destroyed or cut

29 Kissiogdenb,n KeistiadinM,nM hayahnbR. 2007.n St didsnionMaerdtn aodn Itsn itdotialn ienNTF n ( doie,nR bbden aodn Rattao)n atn Licatiiosn Aei odn Sdbaoga n Natiioaln aer. WWF-Indonesia, University of Laob ognMaogr eat. 30 VCS DnAoodxn18nStardhilddencios ltatiiomnRdpietn– Consultation with NTFP Collectors in SNP 31 ivtnRdg latiion28_2011n- Conservation Areas Management 32 IonthdnpastnthdednwasnalsinanoaerdtnionE eipdnb tnthisnisnlistnd dntin oroiwonedasios.


22

diwontinbdnsildnasntiobden ienq icrnedt eos.n Illegal loggers are oistlynedspiosibldntinthisnriodnof use of jelutung trees (which is regarded as low-val dntiobde)33. All of the jelutung tappers come from Basarang, a transmigration site in the southeast of the peijdctnaedanthatnbdliogsntinKap asnDisteictn(thdnpeijdctnaedanbdliogsntin laogn isa nDisteict).

G1.4. Biodiversity Information

G1.4.7. Current biodiversity

Morrogh-Bernard dtnal.n(2003)34, reported that the forests of Sebangau have high biodiversity and contain many protected species and several species that are threatened or near thedatdoddnwithndxtioctiio.nRdsdaechnhasn iodicatddn thdnpedsdocdni noaoynspdcidsnpedvii slynnot thought to be i odnionthisnpaetni nBieodi.nn

Thdednaedn808n liea spdcidsnwithion128 plaotsn aoilidsnionSdbaoga nNatiioaln aer.nnAoiognthdsdntaxa, 9 families were found to be dominant, which were Rubiaceae, Myrtaceae, Euphorbiaceae, Moraceae, Fabaceae, Cluciaceae, Cyperaceae, Annonaceae and Lauraceae 35.n A total of 16 o tni n808nspdcidsnwded unidentified, since their morphological characteristic was not present d eiognst dynpdeiids.

A total of 65 species of mammals have been identified in the Sebangau peat ecosystem (Morrogh-Bdeoaed.n 2009)36.n Thdsdn include 9 species of primates, including the orangutan (Pongo pygmaeus),n agildn gibbion (Hylobates albibarbis)n aodn peibiscisn oiordyn (Nasalis larvatus).nnMieeigh-Bdeoaedn(2009)nalsinedpietddnantitalno obdeni n154nspdcidsni nbiedsnhavdnbeen identified in the Sebangau, on which are doddoicn tin thisn habitat,n d.g.n stieosn stiern(Ciconia stormi)n aodn gedy-breasted babbler (Malacocincla albogulare).n vden 43n spdcidsn i nedptildsnhavdnbddon iddoti idd,n iocl diogn22n soardn spdcids,n 2n ceicidiliaos,n 3n t etlds,n 11n lizaedsnand 3 frog species37 .

33 Aliay bnA.n2002.nA Socio-Ecioioicn ei ildni nthdnSdbaoga nWatdeshddnAeda,nCdotealnKalioaotao.nWWFnIndonesia 34 Morrogh-Bdeoaednb,nb ssionS,n agdn SE, Ridldyn J .n (2003).n ip latiion stat sni n thdnBieodaonieaog- taon ( ioginpygoad s)n ion thdnSabaoga npdatn swaopn iedst,nCdotealnKalioaotao,n Iodiodsia.nBiiligicalnConservation 110: 141-52. Citddn ion baeeision ME,n Chdyodn SM,n Morrogh-Bdeoaedn b,n b ssion SJ.n 2007.nWhat can apes tell us about the health of their environment? A review of the use of orang-utans and gibbons as indicators of changdsnionhabitatnq alitynionteipicalnpdatnswaopn iedsts. 35 LI InaodnWWF.n2007.nFlieani nSdbaoga nNational Paer.nRdsdaechn edpiet.n LI In– WWFn Iodiodsia.nNitnPublishdd. 36 Morrogh-BdeoaednCb.n2009.n eaog taonbdhaviiendciligynionthdnSabaoga npdat-swamp forest Boeodi.n h.D.nDissdetatiio.nUoivdesityni nCaobeidgd,nUK. 37 Morrogh-BdeoaednCb.n2009.


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Figure 14 Bornean Orangutan (Pongo pygmaeus) (© Kahlert, WWF)

Aside from the orangutan; agile gibbons (Hylobates agilis38)naodn eddn lda noiordysn (Presbytis rubicunda)nappdaentinbdnciooionionthdnmixed swamp forest (MSF) and tall interior forest (TIF) habitatntypds.n ig-tailed macaques (Macaca nemestrina)naedni tdonsddonionlaegdngei psnionMSFnwithion 2ron eion thdn iedst-ddgd.n Liog-tailed macaques (Macaca fasicularis)n aedn dxtedodlynciooionionalln iedstddnwatdewaysn(aodnalsinrdptnasnpdts ionvillagdsnaliognthdneivde).nSilvdenlda noiordysn (Presbytis cristata)n aedn alsin edcieddd.n An pip latiion i n peibiscisnoiordysn (Nasalis larvatus)nicc esnion thdn liwden edachdsni n thdnKatiogaonRivden (aodnpissiblyn alsinion thdnB laonRivde)n althi ghn thdien ped deedd habitats of riverine and mangrove forest have been largely cldaedd.n Licaln pdipldn edpietn thatn peibiscisnoiordysn alsin icc enion thdn liwdenSebangau and Baotaoaon Rivdes.n odn sightiogn dachn i n thdn oict eoaln sliwn lieisn (Nycetibus coucang)n aodnwestern tarsier (Tarsius bancanus)nhasnbddonoadd.

38 The agile gibbon occurs on Borneo and Sumatra as two sub-spdcids.nRdcdotnst didsns ggdstnthatnthdsdnshould be classed as separate species, in which case the Sumatran form would retain the name agilis.nThe Bornean species would become Hylobates albobaris.


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Figure 15 Proboscis monkey (Nasalis larvatus). Endangered species. (© Martin Harvey / WWF-Canon)

Amongst the larger mammals, sun-bears (Helarctos malayanus) and bearded pigs (Sus barbatus)n sddon common, although pigs are hunted ien odat.n An beid n assessment of signs indicating the ears presence of sun-by a sun-bear expert suggested they were common, althi ghnatnei ghlynhal nthdnddositidsnsddondlsdwhded.nThdnlaegdnsaobaenddden(Cervus unicolor)nis alsin h otddn b tn stilln pedsdot.n Itn oat eallyn icc esn atn liwn ddositidsn aodn dviddocdn isn sddonsporadically, including a record of one dead animal near the mouth of the Bangah River in 2001.n M otjacn (Muntiacus atheroides)n aodn oi sdn ddden (Tragulus javanicus)n peiots (and vocalisations in the case of the muntjac)n aedn alsin edciedddn eion tiod to tiod.n eiotsni n thdnleopard cat (Prionailurus bengalensis)naedn edg laelyn sddo,nb tn thdnithden dliods,n iocl diogn thdnendangered clouded leopard (Neofelis nebulosa)n aodn oaeblddn cat (Pardofelis marmorata),nhavdn oitn bddon edciedddn siocdn 1994.n Civdtsn wdedn ieodelyn sightddn edq dotlyn b tn aedn eaedlynseen now due to habitat degradation; the animal cannot find enough fruit which is a major paetn i n thdien didt.n Sdvdealn teappiogn st didsn iodicate a large and varied small mammal pip latiio,n oitablyn eats,n teddshedwsn aodn sq ieedls.n Thdedn isn siodn dviddocdn thatn an dealndomestic cat (Felis felis)npip latiionisndstablishddnionthdn iedstn eiogds. F ethdeoied,nb ssiosnand Morrogh-Bernard also recorded 182n biedn spdcids39 using the various habitats of the Sdbaoga nRivdencatchodot.n

39 ThdnIslaodni nBieodinhasn358nedciedddnbiednspdcids.


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Figure 16 Bornean clouded leopard (Neofelis diardi), Kalimantan, Indonesia (© Alain Compost./ WWF-Canon)

datn swaopn iedstsn s ppietn an spdcializddn subset of the lowland forest bird-fauna and some iopietaotnwdtlaodnbieds.nThdednaedn37ndoddoicnspdcidsnionBieodi,noaoyni nwhichnaednroiwontineaogdn ion thdn teipicaln pdatn swaopn iedst.n Ion additiio,noaoyn i n thdn spdcidsnwhichn havdn bddonsighted in the Sebangau River catchment are listed as near threatened, vulnerable, dodaogdeddnienceiticallyndodaogdeddnbynthdnWieldnCiosdevatiionUoiion(IUCN),nthdnCiovdotiionion Iotdeoatiioaln Teaddn i n Eodaogdeddn Spdcidsn (CITES),n aodn thdn USn Eodaogdeddn Spdcidsn Actn(ESA).


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Figure 17 Rhinoceros hornbill (Buceros rhinoceros) (© Alain Compost / WWF-Canon)

G1.4.8. High Conservation Values in the Project Zone

The entire project area is located in a Natiioaln aern aodn acciediogn ti the Indonesian bCVnTiilrit 40, conservation aedasn(Natiioaln aer,nWildli dnSaoct aey,nNat ednRdsdevd,ndtc.)naed bCVn1.1.nTherefore, the entire project area has bighnCiosdevatiionVal d.nThdnedoaioiognaedanionthdnProject Zone includes only the fishing shelters themselves and the Village of KeedognBaogrieai.n

Based on relevant reports on biodiversity, socioeconomic conditions, biophysical parameters and the Sebangau Natiioaln aernMaoagdodot Plan, from the total of 13 sub-values, at least six other values (bCVn1.2,nbCVn1.3,nbCVn2.1,nbCVn3,nbCV 4.1,nbCVn4.3,nbCVn5)nare present in the peijdctnaeda.

In the Indonesian bCVnTiilrit,n thdn pheasdn “glibally,n edgiioallyn ien oatiioallyn sigoi icaot”n hasnbeen removed, but the definitions and criteria of the revised values, remain broadly consistent with the definitions of globally, regionally or nationally significant, as outlined in the Global bCVnTiilrit.nThdnval dni nbCVn2nbdciodsn“Natural Landscapes and Dynamics”, where one of the related sub-values within thdn peijdctn aedan isn bCVn 2.1: Large Natural Landscapes with Capacity to Maintain Natural Ecological ProcessdsnaodnDyoaoics.nThe identification of bCVn2.1nin the project area is based on the definition of a landscape where the core area is a forest blicrn (ienithdenoat ealn laodscapdnoisaic)nwithnaon iotdeoaln ciedn>20,000nhan s eei odddnbynanoat ealnvdgdtatiionb deni natn ldastn3nron eionthdn iedstnddgd.nThe map of the project area indicates that the area and natural forest inside is more than 20,000 ha. bdocd bCVn 2.1 is present in the project area.

40 Ciosieti on tin Rdvisdn thdn bCVn Tiilritn ien Iodiodsia.n 2008.n Tiilritn ien Iddoti icatiion i n bighnCiosdevatiionVal dsnionIodiodsia.


27

The Indonesian bCVntiilritnodotiios that to determine if an ecosystem is rare or endangered, an evaluation is made comparing the historical, current and expected future extent of the ecisystdonwithion thdn physiigeaphicn edgiionwhdedn itn icc es.n I n withion an siogldn physiigeaphicnregion an ecosystem has declined in extent by 50% or more, or if it is expected to decline by >75%n odden t ednscdoaeiisni n iedstnciovdesiio,nthdonthdndcisystdonisnconsider endangered oddenbCVn3.nI ,nasnaneds ltni noat ealn actiesnienh oaoniotdevdotiio,naondcisystdonciostit tdsnldssn thaon5%ni nanphysiigeaphicn edgiio,n thdon thdndcisystdon isnciosiddeddn eaedn oddenbCVn3.nAlthough a large proportion of natural land ecosystems in Indonesia are forest ecosystems, ithden aq aticn dcisystdosn s chn asn lardsn aodn ipdon swaopsn ien oaeshlaodsn aedn alsin bding ciosiddedd.n

Another method to determine whether the area is endangered or not, is to use a decision tree table frionthdntiilritn(sddnpagdn78-79ni nthdntiilrit).Thdnpeijdctnaedanlays on the peat swamp dcisystdonwhichnhasnbddonddgeadddn ienydaes,nwithns e acdnlaydesni niegaoicnoattden(pdat)n>n25nconienoiednionavdeagd.n datnlaodnwhdednsiodndldodotsni noat ealnvdgdtatiionedoaionaodnon whichnanlaegdnsystdoni ndeaioagdncaoalsnhasnoitnbddondstablishdd.nAodnaoi otni nwiiddonvegetation biomass is more than 5 m3 per ha; the formerly Production Forests have not been totally cldaenc tnienb eodd.nThdndcisystdonisnddgeaddd,nb tn(i)ndxistsnionfertile soil (is this case “stillnoat eal”),n(ii)nicc esnclisdntinoat ealn iedstsnwithnpeitdctddnaedas,naodn(iii)nicc esnionaedasni n liwn h oaon pip latiion ddosityn withn oin laegdn scaldn ddvdlipodotn plaos. Based on the Precautionary Approach table for Kalimantaon (bVCn Iodiodsian Tiilrit),n pdatn swaopn isnconsidered an EodaogdeddnEcisystdo.

The areas is a peatland ecosystem which has been proven important as a hydrology dcisystdo.nBasddnionthdn tiilritn siodnwetland Ecosystems aednciosiddeddnbCVn4.1. Several studies oonsoallnwatdeshddnaedasn(ldssnthaon25nro2)nhavdnshiwonthatn iedstncaoniolynpedvent floods where rainfall is <100n oo/day.n biwdvde,n o chn i n Iodiodsian dxpdeidocdsn dxtedodneaio allnwithn iotdositidsn dxcdddiogn thisn lioit,nwhichn ldadsn tin liids.nBdca sdni n thisn situation, wetland ecosystems, including swamp forest, peat swamps, mangroves, other swamps and lardsn o stn bdn peitdctddn tin oaiotaion thdien octiion asn an edtaediogn basio.n Alln wdtlaodndcisystdosnthatn octiionasnanedtaediognbasionaednciosiddeddnbCVAn4.1.nn

Fordstnienwdtlaodnaedasncaonrddpn iedsn eionspedadiog,naodnthisncio desnvdeynhighnval dnion iednpeiodn aedas.nDdosdlyn iedstddn edgiiosn aodnwdtlaods,nwhdon ion giidn cioditiio,n havdn physicalnchaeactdeisticsnthatnoardnthdonedsistaotntin ied,ndvdond eiognthdndeynsdason or during droughts related to the El-Nioin phdoiodoion (lirdn thisdn ion 1982/1983n aodn 1997).n All such areas are pitdotialnbCV 4.3.

thdenaedasn thatn octiionasn iednbedarnienb den ziodno stnalsinbdnpeitdctdd,n iocl diognd.g.nintact peat swamp forest, other swamp forest types, open wetland/marshes other wetland ecosystem types, as well as green belts with various species of fire-edsistaotnplaots.nSiodnaedasninside the project are intact peat swamp forest. The restoration project has the objective to restore the ecosystem and hydrology function to be “natural” which will then be again an iotactnpdatnlaodn iedstndcisystdo.

Currently around 210 households of fishermen, jelutung tappers and gemor collectors depend on resources from the project area for their livelihoods.nThe number is an estimation from


28

information derived from socio-economic baseline study (Mahin, 2011)n and conversation in the meetings with community groups.nThi ghnthdyniolynwiernsdasioallynaodnonly around eight months in a year, these activities provide their main source of income and this income is used tin l illnthdienbasicnoddds. Therefore the project area is an bCVn5 area.

G2. Baseline Projections

G2.1. Land use scenario The project area is currently affected by drainage wateeways. Drainage canals are evident in the project area in 2004 SPOT imagery41 demonstrating that drainage by these canals occurred peiientin1nJao aeyn2008.nnAn2008nst dynshiwdd that these annual and monthly water levels in the project area can drop deeper than the critical threshold of 40 cm below the peat surface as aneds ltni ndeaioagdnca sddnbynthdnodtwierni ndxistiogncaoalsnionthdnpeijdctnaeda42.n

Thdn peijdctn aedan isn licatddn ion an Natiioaln aern whdedn dd iedstatiio,n liggiog,n laodn sdnconveesiio,nceipnpeid ctiio,naodngeaziogni naoioalsnaednbaooddnbyn law43.n nThdnbaonionthdsdnpeihibitddnactivitidsn isns ccdss llyndo iecddnbynthdnNatiioaln aernthei ghnedg laenoioitieiognas demonstrated by monitoring reports44 and therefore baseline land use activities in the project area do not include deforestation, planned forest degradation, land use conversion, ceipnpeid ctiio,niengeaziogni naoioals.n

No policies or regulations in Indonesia or Central Kalimantan require or imply the restoration of peatlands ion thdn peijdctn aedan atn thdn peijdctn staetn datd.n n Sdbaoga n Natiioaln aer,n thdna thieityn edspiosibldn ienoaoagiogn thdn paer,n didsn oitn havdn availabldn odiogn ien pdatlaodnrestoration45, therefore no restoration activities are planned in the absence of the project activity.

Modeling of hydrological conditions in the project area with SIMGRO software demonstrate that without the proposed project activity the average annual water levels during the crediting period will result in peat degradation and associated emissions as detailed in the Baseline Report46.nn

This evidence demonstrates that the hydrology of the project area is affected by existing deaioagdnwatdewaysnaodnwillnedoaionsioilaelyna dctddnionthdnabsdocdni nthdnpeijdct.n

G2.2. Additionality As per the selected VCS methodology, the VCS Tool: “Tool for the Demonstration and Assdssodotni nAdditiioalityn ionVCSnAgeic lt ed,nFiedsteynaodn thdenLaodnUsdn(AF LU)n eijdctnActivities” is used to demonstrate project additionality as described below. 41 VCSn DnAoodxn15nScidoti icnlitdeat edned dedocddmnSidgdet,nF,nJadoicrd, J,nWistdo,nb.n2009.nFioalnRdpietmn laooiognhydeiligicalnedstieatiionodas edsnbyncaoalnblicriognionthdnSdbaoga nwatdencatchodot,nCdotealnKalioaotao.nRdoitdnSdosiognSil tiiosn obb. 42 VCS PD Annex 15 Scientific literature referenced: Wöstdo,nJbM,nClyoaos,nE, Page, SE, Rieley, JO, Limin, Sb.n2008.n dat-watden iotdeedlatiioshipsn ionanteipicalnpdatlaodndcisystdonionSi thdastnAsia.nCatena 73: 212-224. 43 VCSn DnAoodxn9nLdgislatiioned dedocddmnLawnNi.n5ni n1990 44 VCSn DnAoodxn8nLdaragdnaoalysismnSdbaoga nNatiioaln aernMioitieiognRdpiets 45 VCSn DnAoodxn13nAdditiioalitymnSdbaoga nNatiioaln aernAoo alnB dgdtn2007-2011.pd 46 VCSn DnAoodxn2nBasdliodnedpietmnSdbaoga nNatiioaln aern datnRdwdttiogn eijdctmnBasdliodnRdpiet


29

Step 1. Identification of alternative land use scenarios to the proposed VCS AFOLU project activity

Sub-step 1a. Identify credible alternative land use scenarios to the proposed VCS AFOLU project activity Scenario 1. Continuation as protected area containing multiple canals throughout the proposed project area

Under this scenario the proposed project area is managed as a protected area under the a thieityn i n Sdbaoga n Natiioaln aern icdn b tn oin actiion isn tardon tin blicrn dxistiogn caoals.nnAlthough the excavatiooni nodwncaoalsn isnoitndxpdctddnd dn tindo iecdodotni n LawnNi.n5ni n199047 withionthdn aernBi odaeids,ndxistiogncaoalsnedoaionipdo,naccdldeatiogndeaioagdni nthdnpdatlaodneds ltiognionciotio iognpdatnddgeadatiionaodnassiciatddngeddohi sdngasndoissiios.

Scenario 2. Continuation as protected area with canals dammed, reducing peat emissions in the proposed project area without being registered as a VCS AFOLU project

Under this scenario the proposed project area is managed as a protected area under the authority o nSdbaoga nNatiioaln aern icd.n nActiiosntinblicrndxistiogncaoalsnaedn oddetardo,nincreasing annual average water levels within the project boundary, thereby resulting in the reestablishment of ecological processes, functions, and biotic and/or abiotic lioragdsnthatnldadntinpdesistdot,nedsilidotnsystdosniotdgeatddnwithionthdnlaodscapd.

Sub-step 1b. Consistency of credible land use scenarios with enforced mandatory applicable laws and regulations The proposed project area lies within the boundaries of Sebaoga nNatiioaln aernpdenMioisteynof Forestry Decision Menhut-II/200448.n nAcciediogntinLawnNi.n5ni n1990nionNat ealnRdsi ecdnConservation49, paersn aedniegaoizddnbynan zioiogn systdo,n ionwhichnpaersnoaynbdnddoaecatddniotin ciedn ziodsn (steictlyn peitdctdd;n oioh oao-iod cddn chaogdn pdeoittdd),n tilizatiion ziodsn( ien ti eison aodn edcedatiio),n aodn “ithde”n ziods,n iocl diogn wilddeodss,n teaditiioaln sd,n aodnrehabilitation (Articles 32-33naodndl cidatiio).nnAll land use scenarios identified in sub-step 1a are compatible with thdn peipisddn peijdctn aeda’sn Natiioaln aern stat sn aodn thded iedn ionciopliaocdn withn alln oaodatieyn applicabldn ldgaln aodn edg latieyn edq iedodots.n Exteactivdnlaod sdnscdoaeiis,nalthi ghnciooionionthdnedgiion(d.g.niilnpalo,ntiobdenplaotatiio)nwi ldnoitnbe consistdotnwithnoaodatieynapplicabldnlawsnaodnedg latiios.nnn Sub-step 1c. Selection of the baseline scenario The selection and determination of the most plausible baseline scenario is detailed in Section 2.4n illiwiognthdnstdpwisdnappeiachnspdci iddnbynthdnsdldctddnodthidiligy.

47 VCSn DnAoodxn15nLdgislatiioned dedocddmnLawnNi.n5nif 1990 48 VCS PD Annex 6 Legislation referenced: Mioisteyni nFiedsteynDdceddnNi.n423nMdoh t-II/2004 49 VCSn DnAoodxn15nLdgislatiioned dedocddmnLawnNi.n5ni n1990


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The outcome of the stepwise approach to determining the most plausible baseline scenario in the project area demonstrates that the peatland within the project area is drained and will edoaiondeaioddnionthdnabsdocdni nthdnpeijdct.nn STEP 2: Investment analysis

Project additionality is demoosteatddnbyniovdstodotnaoalysis.

Sub-step 2a. Determine appropriate analysis method The VCS AFOLU project generates no financial or economic benefits other than VCS related iociod.nnThded iednsiopldncistnaoalysisnisnappliddntinddoiosteatdnpeijdctnadditiioality. Sub-step 2b. – Option I. Apply simple cost analysis The costs and revenues associated with the VCS AFOLU activity and project revenues are ddsceibddnbdliw. Project costs Thdn iestn pilitn daon wasn b iltn ion thdn Natiioaln aern withn assistaocdn eionWWFn Iodiodsian ion200550.nbiwdvde,nitnsiionbdcaodncldaenthatnthdnNatiioaln aernb dgdtnallocated to the National aernbynthdnMioisteyni nFiedsteynwi ldnbyn aenoitnbdns icidotntiniopldodotnallnthdnactivitidsnodcdssaeyn ienthdnedwdttiognactivity.

The estimated costs for implementation of the project activities are detailed in the project financial analysis51.nnAsndviddocddnbynthisndic odotnthdednaedns bstaotialncistsnassiciatddnwithnimplementation of the project activity, and thdn Sdbaoga n Natiioaln aern b dgdtn didsn oitncontain funds to cover this activity52 even though rewetting activites are included in the Natiioaln aer’snoaoagdodotnplao53.nnn Funding sources and revenue Tigdthden withn WWFn deoaoy,n an plaon wasn oaddn tin liirn ien altdeoativdn ioaociogn iptiios,npissiblynbynatteactiogn iedigonspiosies.nWWFn deoaoynaodnWWFnIodiodsianhavdnanliognhistory i nwieriogn tigdthde,nBieodinbdiogniodni n thdn icaln edgiiosn ienWWFn deoaoyn iovilvdodot.nThis led to the formulation of a proposal for a forest carbon project to a potential German sponsor54.nAtnthdndodni n2007,nthdnpeipisalnwasns ccdss llynaccdptdd by the German Sponsor, Deutsche Post55.nWithnspiosieiogn eionDd tschdn ist,nthdn“Sdbaoga nBiicaebion eijdct”nwasnstaetddn asnWWF’sn iestn REDDn pilitn peijdct.n Thdn peijdctn aedan atn thatn tiodn dociopassddn thdn

50 VCSn DnAoodxn1nAdditiioalitymnCaoalnBlicriognionSdbaoga n datlaodnEcisystdo.pd 51 VCS PD Annex 1nAdditiioalitymnSdbaoga n datnRdwdttiogn eijdctnFioaocialnAoalysis.xls 52 VCSn DnAoodxn1nAdditiioalitymnSdbaoga nNatiioaln aernB dgdtn2007-2011.pd 53 VCSn DnAoodxn13n eijdctnoaoagdodotmnSdbaoga nNatiioaln aernMaoagdodotn lao 54 VCS PD Annex 1 Additionality: Sdbaoga nFiedstnCaebion eijdctn eipisal.pd 55 Dd tschdn ist,n deoaoy'sniolyn oivdesalnpeividdeni npistalnsdevicdsnisnpaetni nDd tschdn istnDbL,nthdnwield'snldadiognoailnaodnligisticsn ei p.


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BaogahnaodnBar ognwatdeshdds.nIon2009,nthdnDd tschdn ist sponsoring was complemented by thdn cioteib tiion i n aoithden spiosie,n thdn Keiobachden Bedwdey.n Keiobachden ioaocddn thdnedwdttiognactivitidsnionthdnRasa nwatdeshdd.n

Project development activities have been funded by Deutsche Post and Krombacher through WWF Germany56.n Rdvdo dn tin odnpeijdctn iopldodotatiionactivitidsnwilln bdn gdodeatddn eionthe sale of carbon credits for the entire duration of the crediting period, as detailed in the project financial analysis57.nnSustainability of the project activities is further ensured by a fund set aside by the German sponsor that puts aside a specific amount of money for dam maintenance and monitoring for the next 30 years58.n

As the project activity produces no financial benefits other than VCS related income, the demonstration of additionality is concluded with an analysis of common practice in the gdigeaphicalnaedani nthdnpeipisddnpeijdctnactivity. Step 4. Common practice analysis Activities similar to the one proposed as the VCS AFOLU project activity have been implemented in the project area,nb tnionanpilitnscald.nnAntitalni n ivdnddoiosteatiiondaosnwdednbuilt to test the effectiveness of the proposed project activity59. No other similar activities have been implemented previously or are currently underway in the edgiio.n Thded iedn sioilaenactivities have been observed but there are essential distinctions between the proposed VCS AF LUnpeijdctnactivitynaodnthdnsioilaenactivitids.nThded ied,n thdnpeipisddnVCSnAF LUnpeijdctnactivity is not the baseline scenario and is additiioal.

G2.3. Carbon stock changes The only carbon pools that are accounted for within the baseline case are the aboveground teddn biioassn aodn siiln caebion piils.n Uodden thdn applicabilityn cioditiiosn i n thdn sdldctddnmethodology, it is assumed that in the basdliodnscdoaeiinthdncaebionsticrsnionthdnabivdgei odntree biomass will be decreasing or stable due to increased chance of burning or tree death due tin liwn watden tabldn ldvdls.n Thded iedn itn isn ciosdevativdlyn ass oddn thatn thdn chaogdn ionaboveground tree biomassnionthdnbasdliodnisndq alntinzdei.

Siilncaebionsticrsnaedndxpdctddntinddcedasdnionthdnbasdliodnasnaneds ltni nthdnddciopisitiioni ndeaioddnpdat.nnCO2 emissions from peat oxidation in the baseline were estimated considering the daily water levels relative to the peat surface in the project area and a CO2 emission factor lioriognwatdenldvdlsntinC 2 doissiiosn eionixidatiionspdci iddnionthdnsdldctddnodthidiligy.nn

G2.4. Community without project

ThdnSdbaoga nNatiioaln aernwi ldnciotio dntindxistnasnanNatiioaln aer in the absence of the peijdct.n Cioo oitynodobdesn ion thdn peijdctn ziodnwi ldn ciotio dn tin bdn abldn tin accdssn thdnNatiioaln aern aodn ciod ctn activitidsn s chn asn ishiogn aodn cilldctiin of NTFPs as described in

56 Funding agreements will be presented to the validator upon request 57 VCS PD Aoodxn1nAdditiioalitymnSdbaoga n datnRdwdttiogn eijdctnFioaocialnAoalysis.xls 58 Funding agreements will be presented to the validator upon request 59 VCSn DnAoodxn1nAdditiioalitymnCaoalnBlicriognionSdbaoga n datlaodnEcisystdo.pd


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sdctiion 1.3.n biwdvde,n thdn caoalsnwi ldn ciotioue to be undammed, thus resulting in peat decomposition and lowering of thdn pdatn s e acdn ivden tiod.n Ion additiio,n iednwi ldn lirdlyn bdnmore prevaleotnasnthdnpdatnlaydenwi ldnbdndeide,n istdeiogncioditiiosnalliwiogn ien iedsntintardnplacd.nThisniocedasdnion ire may reduce tree and vegetation biomass and reduce the ability to produce jelutung sap, honey, and other NTF ns chnasn eattao.nThe combination of a lowered groundwater level, peat decomposition and heavy fires will ultimately lead to the peat swamp forest ceasing to exist as a forest and the elimination of associated resources upon which cioo oitidsnddpdodn ienthdienlivdlihiids.

This type of scenario has been witnessed in the former mega rice project area, located on the dastnsiddni nthdnSdbaoga nRivde.nIonthisnaeda,nliggiognaodndeaioagdneds ltddnionliwnwatdentablds,ntree death, and increased fires60.nTree death and fires have reduced fish populations and NTFP prod ctiio.n Thdn soirdn eion thdsdn iedsn alsin caon iopactn cioo oityn odobdes’n hdalth.nRespiratory disease ca sddnbyndxcdssivdnsoirdn eion ieds is common in areas where fires are frequent 61. Floods may also occur more frequently when peatland hydrological functions are degraded62.

Evidence of damage to dams caused in the process of transportation of the NTFP has been observed.nIonanoddtiognwithnNTF ncilldctors they said that the elevation of the spillway is such that it is often hit by their boats.n Thdyn s ggdstn that the dams in busy canals, such as in the westernmost part i n Rivden Bar og,n shi ldn bdnoidi iddn tinoardn it easier for boats to pass through.n Mdas edsn iopldodotddn byn thdn peijdctn tin oitigatdn thdn eisrn i n daoagdn tin daosn isn ethdenddsceibddnion 3.563.

60 BidhonbDV,n Sidgdetn F.n 2001.n Eciligicaln Iopactn i n thdn odnMilliion bdctaedn Ricdn eijdctn ion CdotealnKalioaotao,nIodiodsia,nUsiognRdoitdnSdosiognaodn IS. 61 bdilnA.n2007.nIodiodsiaonFiedstnaodn datnFiedsmnEoissiios,nAienQ ality,naodnb oaonbdalth.n hDnthdsis,nMaxn laocrn Iostit tdn ienMdtdieiligy,n baob eg.n Citddn ion baeeisionME,n agdn SE,n Lioion Sb.n 2009.n Thdnglibalniopactni nIodiodsiaon iedstn ieds.nBiiligistnViln56,nA g stn2009,nppn156-163. 62 SidgdetnF,nBidhonbDV,nRidldynJ ,n agdnSE,nJa hiaiodonJ,nVasaoddenb,nJayanA.n2001.nPeat fires in Central Kalioaotao,nIodiodsiamnFiedniopactsnaodncaebionedldasd. 63 VCSn DnAoodxn18nStardhilddencios ltatiiomnRdpietn– Consultation with NTFP Collectors in SNP


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Figure 18 Google Satellite view showing the Sebangau forest (left) next to the degraded area of the ex-megarice project (right)

G2.5. Biodiversity without project

The construction of canals and associated drainage will have a negative impact on biodiversity ion thdnbasdliod.n According to Chambers (1979)64 aodnCaedn (2005)65, the reduction in ground water levels relative to the peat surface will cause peat drying and subsidence.nAs the depth of dry peat increases, the elevation of the peat surface decreases through subsidence and decomposition, dxpisiognthdneiitsni nteddsnaodnoariognthdonoiedns scdptibldntindaoagd.n In additiio,n thdndeynpdatn isn io deiien tinwdtnpdatn ion sdc eiogn thdn eiits. This then results in trees falling over during wind or stieos,neds ltiognionliwdenteddnbiioassnivdentiod.n

The continued dry state of the peat will impact the integrity of the habitat and environment in thdn s eei odiogn peijdctn ziod.n Peatland contains a pyrite compound (FeS2)n aodn under wet conditions, this compound is stable but when the peat is dry the compound isn ixidizddn(Mohammad Noor, 2000)66 peid ciogn s lphatdn acid.n Thisn iocedasddn watden acidityn reduces

64 Chambers MJ. 1979.nRatdni n datnlissnionthdnUpaognteaosoigeatiionpeijdctnSi thnS oatea.nPaper A17.nProceedings of National Symposium III on Development of Inundate Areas, Palembang, 5-10 Februari 1979. 65 CARE International – Indonesia. 2005.nPeat Land Management through Sustainable Agriculture.n aper pedsdotddnatnthdn datnLaodnS staioabldnMaoagdodotnWiership, alaogra Raya, 10-13nMayn2005.nn 66 Noor M. 2000.n datnlaodnAgeic lt ed,n itdotials and Constraints. Kaoisi s,nYiryaraeta.


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water quality and impacts the species living in the water (Jioitiei,n2005)67.n Additionally, the alteration from anaerobic to aerobic conditions allows for the increase in the activity of Thiobacillus thiooxidans and T. ferrooxidans, and it will accelerate oxidation of FeS2.

Peat has a very high water holding capacity, being able to hold as much as 300-800% of its weight in water, but it also is able to release this water as the water table lowers (Wahyunto, 2005)68.n biwdvde,n thisn chaeactdeisticn willn disappdaen i the peat land becomes dry as a consequence of the vegetation loss or the decline in water table (Ng Tian Peng & Ibrahim, 2001)Fehler! Textmarke nicht definiert..n In the National Management Policy of Peatland of 200569, the peat swamp is considered to as have both direct and indirect impacts on humans.nThe peatswamp is important for biodiversity as well as for control of flooding, absorbing excess watdend eiognthdneaioynsdasionaodndisteib tdsnitnd eiognthdndeynsdasio.n

The location is also an important habitat for orangutan.nDdgeadation of the natural ecosystem in the location means a loss of orangutan habitat, and in the end would lead to the elimination of the species ion thisn licatiio. Study of orangutan habitat and distribution in Sebangau has been done by many researchers, including S eyadip tean (2004)70, Ndlldoaon (2007)71, Suhud (2009)72, Kedvdldn (2009)73,n aodan (2010)74 and Wich (2011)75. The baseline data provided by 2006-2007 surveys, using more conservative values for the nest decay rate, estimated that about 5,400 orangutans are still found in Sebangau National Paer.76

G3. Project Design and Goals

G3.1. Major climate, community and biodiversity objectives

eijdctn activitidsn achidvdnodtn b ndoissiion edd ctiiosnbyn eaisiogn gei odn ldvdlnwatdesn ion thdnpeijdctnaedanthei ghnancaoalnblicriognsystdonwhdedbyndaosnaedndstablishddniondeaioagdncaoals.nnRaising water levels in the peatland results in lower CO2 emissions eionpdatnixidatiio.nnThe rewetting of the peat is also expected to result in positive impacts on communities and the biodiversity inside the project boundary aodnitsns eei odiognaedas.n Expected positive impacts

67 Jonotoro, Budiman A. 2005.n A Review of Natural Forest in Kampar Peninsular Proposed as A Conservation Area, WWF Indonesia – Ria .n 68 Wahyunto et al.n2005.n 69 Diedctieatdn dodealni nFiedstn eitdctiionaodnNat ednCiosdevatiio/ bKAn 70 Suryadiputra INN, Dohong A, Waspodo RSB, Muslihat L, Lubis IR, bas d ogaonF,nWibisioinITC.n2004.nAng iddntincaoalnBlicriog;nIn a conjunction with cioo oity.nWdtlaodsnIotdeoatiioal-Indonesia Programme aodnWildli dnbabitatnCaoada. 71 Nellemann C,nMildsnL,nKaltdobieonB ,nViet dnM,nAhldoi snb. 2007. The last stand of the orangutan – State of emergency: Illegal logging, fire and palm iilnionIodiodsia’snoatiioalnpaers.nUNE ,n RID-Aedodal. 72 Suhud M, Saleh C.n2007. ClioatdnChaogdnIopactnion eaog taonbabitat,nWWF-Iodiodsia. 73 Kreveld A,nRidehiestnI.n2009. Great Apes and Logging. WWF.n 74 Panda A,n ao ograsn B,n AocedoaznM.n 2010. The Population Status Of Bornean Orang-Utans (Pongo pygmaeus Wurmbii)n Ion Sdbaoga n Natiioaln aern Cdotealn Kalioaotaon Iodiodsia.n apden edsdotddn ionIotdeoatiioalnWiershipnion eaog taonCiosdevatiio,nBalin15-16 J lyn2010. 75 Wich SA,nVigdlnER,nLaesdonMD,nFeddeirssion ,nLdightionM,nYdagdenC ,nBedaeldynFQ,nSchairnC ,nMaeshallnAJ. 2011. FiedstnFe itn eid ctiionIsnbighdenionS oateanThaonionBieodi. liSn NEnVil.n6,nIss dn6,nd21278,n2011. 76 Panda A,n ao ograsn B,n AocedoaznM.n 2010.nThe Population Status Of Bornean Orang-Utans (Pongo pygmaeus Wurmbii)n Ion Sdbaoga n Natiioaln aern Cdotealn Kalioaotaon Iodiodsia.n apden edsdotddn ionIotdeoatiioalnWiershipnion eaog taonCiosdevatiio,nBalin15-16nJ lyn2010.


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include improved fish and wildlife habitat that has been degraded. The project creates safeguards to ensure that project activities do not have a negative impact on communities and biidivdesity.nn

Thdn ivdealln caoaln blicriogn systdon wasn ddsigoddn ciosiddeiogn thdn oique characteristics of peatland which include low bearing capacity and high permeability of the peat, irregular rainfall, and the use of canals for fishing and transportation of jelutung sap bynthdnlicalnpdipld.nnnFishermen have i odn thatn thdnblicriogni n thdncaoalsnhas allowed soalln lardsnto be re-filled with water, cedatiognhighlyn s itabldn ishn spawoiognhabitats,n th sn iocedasiogn ishn sticrs in the aeda.

In a longer term, rewetting the area will recover the local ecosystem, which is the natural habitat of the ieaog tao.nEcisystdm recovery will enable the regrowth of local tree species, including trees that are important sources of food for ieaog tao.n

Figure 19 Local woman collecting jelutung sap in the forest (© Kahlert, WWF)

G3.2. Project activities

eijdctn activitidsn achidvdnodtn b ndoissiion edd ctiiosnbyn eaisiogn gei odn ldvdlnwatdesn ion thdnpeijdctnaedanthei ghnancaoalnblicriognsystdonwhdedbyndaosnaedndstablishddniondeaioagdncaoals.nnThdn ivdealln caoaln blicriogn systdon wasn ddsigoddn ciosiddeiogn thdn oiq e characteristics of peatlands: low bearing capacity and high permeability of the peat, irregular rainfall, and use of canals for transportatiionbyn thdn licaln pdipld.n An cascaddni n daos,noiedn appeipeiatdlyn callddn“water retarders”, with relatively small distances between the dams (for instance 500 m)n is sddntinaviidntiino chnhdadndi dedocdnivdenthdndao.nnExpdeidocdnaodnciop tdensio latiiosn


36

with an unsteady-state simulation model show that head differences in the relatively small canals or “parits” with an average width of 2 m and an average depth of 1 m should be 25 cm oaxio o.n Ignoring this principle can result in dam failure during periods of high water dischaegdnd eiognthdnwdtnsdasio.n

The construction of a cascade of relatively simple dams reduces water vdlicitynionthdncaoals.nnIonturn this limited water velocity stimulates sedimentation of mineral and organic particles in the part of the canal upstream of the dam while also reducing erosion of the canal walls as wdllnasn thdndao.nThdnblicriogn isnbdstnstaeted at the upstream part of the canal to avoid too much discharge and thereby gradually decreasing the pressure on the dams constructed ethden diwostedaon ion thdn caoals.n Locally available oatdeials,n i.d.n gdlaon pildsn aodn pdatn(gaob t)n dtc., are used to avoidn tiin o chn liad/wdight.n Thdn peiocipldn isn thatn thdn io-going consolidation of the peat layer under these structures should be approximately equal to the tital,n oaviidabldn s bsiddocdn i n thdn s eei odiogn aeda.n Thdn peacticaln ciosdq docdn i n thisnprinciple is thatnthdnivdeb eddonpedss ednshi ldnbdnvdeynliwn(d.g.n ienanwatdentabldni n0.25nonthdnivdeb eddonpedss ednshi ldnoitndxcdddnabi tn1nr anien100nrg/o2). Use of locally available material also has the clear advantage that it is practical and inexpensive as no new cioste ctiionoatdeialnodddsntinbdnteaospietddntinthdndaonb ildiognsitd.

Construction of a simple dam in the Timba canal in Rasau watershed is shown in Figure 20.

Figure 20 Construction of a simple dam in the Timba canal of Rasau watershed

The ultimate aim of the caoalnblicriogn systdon isn to accelerate the process of canal filling to edstiednoat ealn pdatn ieoiogn cioditiiosnwithn avdeagdnwatden liwni n30o/day.nAs indigenous matdeials,n i.d.n pdat, abivdn thdn gei odwatden ldvdln willn ixidizdn aodn dvdon gdlaon pildsn havdn anlimited lifetime when they are not permanently water saturated, vegetation growth on the daon aodn ion thdn blicrddn caoaln sdctiiosn shi ldn bdn stio latddn tin dos edn oiedn pdeoanent clogging of the canal systdo. Dams are designed in such a way that vegetation can easily re-


37

grow thereby edstieiogn oat ealn cioditiios.n Nat ealn cliggiogn pn i n thdn caoal system with original peat formiogn vdgdtatiion edq iedsn an liogn pdeiidn i n tiod.n Thdn caoaln blicriogn systdonaccdldeatdsnthisnpeicdssnaodnedd cdsnpdatns bsiddocdnciopaeddntinthdnbasdliodncioditiio.nn

The project activity is implemented according to the following steps outlined below:

STEP 1: Selection of locations for dam establishment

Followiognoappiogni nwatdeways,ncaoalsnwdednpeiieitizddn iendaooiognbasddnionthdienphysicalnchaeactdeisticsn aodn dcioioicn sds.n Thdn sdldctiion i n licatiiosn ien daon dstablishodotn isns ooaeizddnhdednaodnddsceibddnion ethdenddtailnionSdctiion4.2.1.1 of the VCS PD.nThe number aodn licatiioni ndaosn ienblicriognwas determined based on an analysis of the surface slope along each waterway chosen for closure together with an average hydraulic head difference, i.d.n di dedocdnbdtwddon pstedaonaodndiwostedaonwatdewaynwatden ldvdln aceissn andao.n Itn isnrecommended that long waterways in the larger waterway classes be assigned a higher peiieityn ienblicriognthaonsoalldenwatdewaynclassds.nThdniptioaln lication of large permanent dams was determined by the practical use of the waterway and the condition of the canal.nAfter building permanent dams, cascades of simple small dams were iostalldd. Simple small dams were installed according to optimal waterway locations and canal conditions.nnFiensoallndams the measured or DTM-derived slopes for each identified waterway were used to calc latdniptioalnspaciogni ndaosnwithionancascadd.nn

STEP 2: Dam construction

Prior to dam construction, the objectives of the dam building activity and benefits to local communities were disc ssddnwithncioo oitidsn liviognaei odn thdn sdldctddndaon licatiio.nThdnsteps in dam construction and the concept behind canal blicriognaodnpdatnedwdttiognwded also dxplaioddntinthdncioo oity.nn

The main steps in construction of both permanent and simple daosnaedns ooaeizddnhded.nn

Permanent dams consist of frames of diodosiioaln l obdenaodntwinpaodlsni nwiiddonplaors.nnThe space between the two panels is fillddn withn sacrsn i n oiodealn siil. Staodaedn b lrhdadndiodosiiosn aedn 1.6n on width,n 1n on hdight,n aodn 1.5n on length but may be adjusted to the diodosiiosni nthdncaoal.nCioste ctiionl obdenisnlicalnoatdeialns chnasnbdlaogdeaoniengdlaonaodnibtaioddn eionlicalnsawoills.nn


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Figure 21 Dam in Rasau

Simple dam frames are built with local materialsns chnasngdlaonpilds.nnThdndaon eaodnisn illddnwithn additiioaln gdlaon pilds,n g azd,n caovas,n aodn bagsn illddn withn pdatn oatdeial.n Nat ealnoatdeialsn (d.g.n littden aodn sddiodot)n acc o latdnaei odn thdndao,n accdldeatiogn thdnpeicdssni ncaoalnblicriog.

A total of 431 daosnhavdnbddoncioste ctdd.nn

STEP 3: Monitoring

Following construction dams are periodically monitored to ensure that no damage has icc eedd.n Daoagddn daosn aedn edpaiedd.n Ion additiio,n gei odn watden ldvdlsn aedn oioitieddn tindval atdn thdn d dctn i n caoaln blicriogn ion gei odn watden ldvdlsn ion thdn pdatlaods.n Blicring of caoalsnwithno ltipldndaosncaonbdnciosiddeddns ccdss lni nthdnblicrddncaoalnsdctiiosnalsinhildnwatdend eiognthdndeynsdasio.

G3.3. Project location

Licatiion i n peijdctn activitids,n i.d.n daon cioste ctiion aodn gei odn watden ldvdln oioitieiog,n is shown in Figure 22. The map includes the Project Area, as well as the Project Zone where the a dctddncioo oitidsnlivdnaodndinthdiendcioioicnactivitids.


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Figure 22 Location of project activities and its surrounding

G3.4. Project period The project start date is 31st of May 2009, which is the date of first dam construction commenced leading to the generatiioni n b ndoissiionedd ctiios. Photographic evidence of thdn cioste ctiioni n thdn iestn daosn isn peividddn ion thdn s ppldodotaeyndic odots.n Thd project li dtiodn isn30nydaes.nThdnpeijdctndodsnion30nMayn2038.nThe project crediting period is 30 years, dodiognion30nMayn2038. Thded iednthdnpeijdctnli dtiodnaodnthdnpeijdctncedditiognpdeiidnaednthdnsaod.


40

G3.5. Risks and mitigation measures

The project is located in Sebangau Natiioaln aernwhded, due to the protected status of the aer, activitidsnthatnoaynca sdnedvdesalni n b ndoissiionedd ctiiosn illiwiognthdncioste ctiionof dams, such as destruction of dams and creation of new drainage canals for illegal logging activities are prohibited by law.nDaosncioste ctiionwas conducted with the fishermen in the area, who mainly rely on fishing for thdien livdlihiids.n Ddsigon i n thdn daosn was based on consultation with the ishdeodo.nnDams are built with a spillway in canals that are used by the cooo oitidsn ien ishiogniendotdeiognthdnpaern üenhaevdstiognNTF .nSolid dams are only built in thdnaedasnwhdedn thdn ishdeodonhavdnoin iotdedstn ien ishiog.nDaosnwithna spillway also serve community members who collect jelutung sap.n biwdvde, it is possible that dams could be damaged either by people who are illegally trapping commercial birds or by people accidently crashing into the dams when transporting jelutung sap.nAlso, dams are being flooded and/or scoured in some wet seasonsn withn highn watden ldvdls.n Therefore dam monitoring and maintenance is a part of the Project Management Plan.

The reporting on dam monitoring follows the iegaoizatiion ste ct edn basddn ion Mioisteyn i nFiedsteynedg latiiono obdenN0mn .29/Mdoh t-II/2006 abo tnNatiioaln aer’sn egaoizatiionaodnWiern eicdd eds (Fig edn23).

HEAD OF NATIONAL PARK

ADMINISTRATION

AREA I SECTION PALANGKARAYA

AREA II SECTION PULANG PISAU

AREA III SECTION KASONGAN

FUNCTIONAL POSITION GROUPS

1 Resort 3 Resort 5 Resort

Forest Ranger

Forest Ecosystem Maintenance – b niopact

GIS

Community Relation

Datantardon(Fidldnactivitids)

Command

Coordination


41

Figure 23 Sebangau National Park organization structure based on Ministry of Forestry Regulation number N0: P.29/Menhut-II/2006 about National Park’s Organization and Work Procedures

The monitoring plan iocl ddsnpateilsnbynthdnNatiioaln aerna thieitynaliognwithnjiint patrols by thdn ishdeoao. According to the Sebangau National Paer Office aoo alnwierplao,nthdednare 12 regular patrols pden ydae.n Eachn pateilling activity lasts for 5 days, involving 3 National Paer personnel77.n Apaetn eion thdn pateilsn ddsceibddn ion thdienyearly operational plan, there will be additional supervision of any activity involving external visitors as well as WWF’s regular activity in the project area, so that the frequency and extent of patrols will be sufficient to demonstrate that control is maintained ivdenthdnlaodnionwhichnthdnpeijdctnisntariognplacd. In addition to monitoring the condition of the dam, this patrol also is expected to reduce other illegal activities. A special account has been created by the sponsor of the project that provides the financial means for 30 years of dam maintentance.

The river holders and fishermen, as well as collectors of non-timber forest products maintain their use rights, for under the Sebangau National Paer zioiognsystdonthdynare still allowed to dinlioitddnactivitidsns chnasns staioabldnhaevdstiogni nNTF .nAs well, the local Damang Kepala Adat (Customary Chief)nhas agreed to the strengthening of customary laws on natural resource utilization and environmental management to prevent unsustainable practices implemented by outsiders such as electro-fishing.nThdndo iecdodotni nc stioaeynlawsnwillnciopldodotnthdnformal regulation of the Natiioaln aern oaoagdodot.n C stioaeyn lawsn willn peividd a local mechanism to prevent misuse of natural resources in the area, as well as applying sanctions on those who cause fires and who destroy fishing gear.

Destruction of dams is avoided thei ghn dogagdodotn withn thdn caedtardesn i n thdn s b-catchment, with the fishermen who use the sub-catchment who are mainly the members of the extended families i nthdncaedtardes, and with NTFP collectors (especially jelutung tappdes). I nandaoagddndaonisn i od,nthdnca sdni ndaoagdnisniddoti iddnwhdednpissibld.

I nthdndaonhasnbddondaoagddnbynanroiwonpdesionienangei pni npdipld,nodas edsnaedntardonbynthe project to mitigate the conflict and the dam is repaired or relocated as appropriate acciediogntinthdnpeijdctnS s.To prevent random dam destruction by people not impacted by project activities the project will continue efforts to educate the public about the positive benefits of the dams aodnpeihibitiiontine ionit.

G3.6. Maintenance of High Conservation Values

bistieicallyn thdn area within the project boundary had been selectively logged prior to the dstablishodotni nSdbaoga nNatiioaln aer.nWithnthdnciotio ddnpeitdctiioni n thdnpeijdctnaedanand the rewetting of the peat, it is expected that tree biomass will increase, the number of trees and other flora species will increase, and the natural peatswamp forest habitat will be iopeivddn ivden tiod.n Itn isn dxpdctddn that this improved habitat will allow for not only the oaiotdoaocdnb tnalsinthdndohaocdodotni nthdnbighnConservation Values defined in Section 1.

77 Demonstrated in Sebangau National Paer Aoo alnB dgdtni n2011.


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G3.7. Benefits beyond project lifetime

Sdbaoga nNatiioaln aern icd,nas the project proponent, is the official government body with a thieityn aodnoaoagdodotn edspiosibilityn ien thdn aernwhichn iocl ddsn thdn peijdctn aeda.n ThdnSebangau Natiioaln aern icdnhasnanliogntdem 20-ydaenNatiioaln aernMaoagdodotn laon(2007-2026)n whichn isn edvidwddn dvdeyn ivdn ydaes. The hydrological restoration of the peat swamp forest is accioplishddnwithncaebion iocaocd.nBiophysical monitoring is included in the Project Management Plan tins ppietnthdnedstieatiionaodnitsniopact.

Asn ddsceibddn ion sdctiion 3.2,n thdn cioste ctiioni n thdn daosnaccelerates the process of canal filling.nBasddnionpedvii sndxpdeidocd,n itn isndxpdctddnthatn thdncaoalsnwillnbdn illdd prior to the peijdctndodndatd.nnThd benefits in terms of increased biodiversity and improved livelihoods for cioo oitidsnionthdn eijdctnZiodnaedndxpdctddntinciotio dnbdyiodnthdnpeijdctnli dtiod.

G3.8. Stakeholders consultation

In 2004 the project proponents began consultation on dam construction with former “owners” of canals that still live ion thdn peijdctn ziod and families holding customary rights to the tributaries of the Sebangau River in the project area78. After the holders of rights to the tributaries agreed to the plan, the appropriate dam design was negotiated with the community odobdesnwhin tilizdnthdncaoals.nIonthdncaoalsnthat are used by community members for fishing or to access NTFPs, the dams were built with a spillway that allows access for the types of boats used in this area (callddn pdeoaodotn dao).n Ion aedasn whdedn thdn cioo oityn wasn oitniotdedstddnion siognthdncaoalsn ienaoynactivity,nthdndaonwasnblicrddnaceissnthdndotiednchaoodlnwidth (callddnsiopldndao).nFigure 23 shows simple and permanent dam desigo.n

Figure 24 Simple dam (on the left) and permanent dam (on the right)

Figure 24 show the locations of simple and permanent dams in the three subcatchments.

78 San Afri Awang_2006 - Colaboration Management Plan of Sebangau NP.pd ,n p.n 28-33 [for further io ieoatiionshi ldned dentimnTion dodlitinWWF.n2004a.nLapieaonpdlarsaoaaon jincibanpdoabataonpaeitndinparit Sami – Sungai Bangahn Kab patdon laogn isa n Kalioaotaon Tdogah.WWFn Iodiodsia-Sebangau eijdctnBdrdejasaoanddogaonDioasnKdh taoaondaon derdb oaonKab patdon laogn isa .]


43

Figure 25 Location and type of dams in Bakung, Rasau, and Bangah Subcatchments

After an agreement was made with the river holders, a meeting with the beiaddenstardhildde group was held to develop an understanding among parties in April 2012.nThdnpaetidsniovilved included Customary Chiefs, Village Governments, Village Consultative Bodies and Community Fie osnionthdnaeda.nAnodoieaod oni n oddestaodiognwas signed by 12 representatives of the parties79.nThe agreement contained the following:

79 Sddns ppldodotaeyndic odotmnMiUnAoiogn eioaeynStardhilddesni nSdbaoga nDAnREDD.pd


44

1. Endorsement for registration of the project with the Ministry of Forestry as a REDD+ Demonstration Activity.

2. Requirement of the project proponent to update the parties involved on the progress of the REDD+ activity.

3. F ethdendisc ssiionionthdndisteib tiionaodn tilizatiioni nciopdosatiion or any carbon i sdtsngdodeatddnbynthdnactivity.n

4. In order to ensure the sustainable benefits of the project, the parties in their respective capacity will control the activities that could thwart efforts to reduce greenhouse gas emissions and restore the natural peatland ecosystem which is iopietaotn ienlicalnlivdlihiids.

A communication and grievance mechanism has been developed and will be implemented during the project period80.nThdnodchaoisonwas developed with the following goals:

• Provide an effective means to convey information about the project to the relevant stardhilddes.

• Provide a clear means for the community to express their concerns to the project proponent.

• eividdncldaenaodndd ioitdnpeicdd edsn ienhaodliogncioplaiots. • Provide effective procedures to resolve disputes between the community and project

proponent if any problems occur in the preparation and implementation of the peijdct.

Fishdeodon eion ae ogn(ionthdndastni n eijdctnAeda)naodnSi thnKalioaotaon(odaebynpeiviocd)ntemporarily come to RivdenSdbaoga n ionthdn ishnhaevdstnsdasios.nFishdeodon eion ae ogn sdnodgan eicdn peijdct’sn caoalsn asn accdssn tin Sdbaoga n Rivde.n Itn isn highlyn ocdetaio,n whdedn anfisherman does not necessarily come again the next year.n

G3.9. CCBA comment period

The final Project Document will be translated into Indonesian and distributed to the primary stardhilddesn including river holders and fishermen in the area, Village Community Institution and Village Representative Board, Village Governments, Community Forums at Sub-district level, Customary Chiefs and Sub-district Governments.n

During a theddnoiothsnpdeiidnnstardhilddesnare alliwddntingivdnthdiencioodotsnaodniop ts.n

Plan to get public comments:

• Project Design Document posted on the CCBA website during the public comment period, starting at the end of October 2012, with announcement through WWF website and notification via mailing lists

• Licalnstardhilddesnoeeting

80 See supplementary dic odotmnSdbaoga nDAnREDDnCioo oicatiionaodn eidvaocdnMdchaoiso.pd


45

G3.10. Conflict resolution and grievance mechanism

The conflict resolution and grievance mechanism is illustrated in Figure 26. Communication bdtwddonthdnpeijdctnaodncioo oitynwasnaeeaogddn illiwiognthdnNatiioaln aernoaoagdodotnste ct ed.n Atn thdn sitdn ldvdln cioo oicatiion willn bdn haodlddn byn thdn istnMaoagdodotn Uoitsn(called “Resoet”).nThdednaedntwinpistsn ionthdnpeijdctnaeda,n i.d.,nRivdenMaogrirn istnaodnRivdenBaogahn ist.nAtnthdnhighden ldvdl,nthdednaedntwinSdctiionMaoagdodotnUoitsnwhichnciiedioatdnaodns pdevisdnsta n ionthdn istnUoits,n n alaogranRayanSdctiion(I)naodn laogn isa nSdctiion(II).nbdednCioo oitynFie on ionSebangau Sub-district and Sebangau Kuala Sub-district, as well as VillagdnBiaednRdpedsdotativdnatnKdedognBaogrieainVillagdnaodnSdbaoga n ad eaonVillagd,n tardntheir role as mediator between the community with the governmdotni icials.

Any complaints and disputes will first be solved at the lowest level of coordination which are thdn istnUoits.nC stioaeyndlddesnwillnhdlpnionsilviognoattdesniovilviognlicalnc stios.nThdednaednMantirs at village level and Damangs at sub-district level that serve as the customary a thieitids.n Ion dvdeyn villagdn dxistn R r on Tdtaoggan (Ndighbiehiidn Assiciatiio)n aodn R r onWaegan(VillagdnAssiciatiio),nwhdednthdyncaontardnaneildnasnoddiatienionaoyndisp tdnedsil tiio.nSometimes the resident is too shy to communicate their problem to government officials and odddn hdlpn eion thdnRTn ien RWn tinoddiatdn thdien ciocdeos.n I n edsilviogn thdnoattden edq iedsn anhighdenldvdlni na thieity,nitnwillneaisddn pntinSdctiionUoitsnaodni nodcdssaeyntinthdnNatiioaln aernManagement Uoit.nDisp tdsn thatn caooitnbdn edsilvddnatn thdnNatiioaln aernMaoagdodotnUoitnwill bdnbei ghtntinthdnStatdnCi et.

Figure 26 Sebangau National Park Peat Rewetting Project Communication and Grievance Mechanism

Adjustments to project activities will be made as needed based on iss dsneaisddnbynstardhilddenthrough the above communication and grievance mechanism. AsnionSdbaoga nNatiioaln aer,nasnthe project holder, all of information flows tinthdnbdadni nthdnNatiioaln aer.nbdednddcisiios to dinadj stodotnaodnchaogdnionpeijdctnoaoagdodotnwillnbdnoadd.nNieoallynThdn icdeni nthdnNatiioaln aernSdctiionwillngivdntdchoicalnciosiddeatiiosn ienthdnbdadntinoardnddcisiio.


46

G3.11. Project financial support

The seed money for the carbon project,ni.dn ienpeijdctnddsigo,nodthidiligynddvdlipodot,naodnscidoti icn bacrgei odn aoalysds,n asn wdlln asn ien thdn idldn activitidsn hasn bddon peividddn byn twin deoaonSpiosies.nCioteactsnaednciosiddeddncio iddotial, but can be provided to the certifier atnedq dst.nn

It is expected that the project will generate carbon credits.n Income from compensation for carbon offsets is needed for maintenance of the dams, restoration of the peat forest, fire prevention, capacity building, community development, hydrological monitoring, and social aodnbiidivdesitynoioitieiog.

It is planned that WWF Indonesia, which has assisted in the preparation stage will hand over thdnoaoagdodotni nthdnpeijdctntinthdnNatiioaln aerna thieity. bowever, WWF Indonesia will continue to provide technical assistance in the implementation phase of the project.nSustainability of the project activities is further ensured by a fund set aside by the German sponsor that puts aside a specific amount of money for dam maintenance and monitoring for the next 30 years81. The costs of monitoring and financial support from the sponsor covering thdsdncistsnisniocl dddnionthdnpeijdctn ioaocialnaoalysis.82

G4. Management Capacity and Best Practice

G4.1. Project proponent

Sdbaoga nNatiioaln aern icdnisnangivdeoodotna thieitynwithnedspiosibilityn ienoaoagdodotnaodnpeitdctiioni nthdnNatiioaln aernwhdednthdnpeijdctnisnlicatdd.nThdn icdnwill coordinate the registration of the project at the national level with the Ministry of Forestry and with voluntary oaerdtn staodaedsn (VCSn aodn CCBS).n Thdn i icdn willn alsin ciod ctn peijdctn oioitieiog.n In its iopldodotatiion thdn Natiioaln aern icdn willn coordinate closely with the Directorate of Conservation Areas and Protected Forests Environmental Services, as the Project Coordinator at national ldvdl.nWWF Indonesia as partner of the project proponent also provides support to project facilitation, technical assistance for project design and implementation. WWF Germany peividdsnthdndxpdetisdnaodntdchoicalnbacrstippiogni nthdncaebionpeijdctnoaoagdodot.n

G4.2. Technical skills

Management of the project is oddenthdnciiedioatiioni nSdbaoga nNatiioaln aernOffice, which is fully supported by WWF Indonesia as project participants in both technical support and capacityn b ildiog. WWF Iodiodsian hasn bddonwieriogn ion ciosdevatiion peigeaosn ion Iodiodsiansiocdn 1961,n aodn hasn ddvdlipddn an peigeaon oaoagdodotn capacityn ion 26n peiviocds. WWF Indonesia in turn is being supported by WWF Germany in terms of design, implementation and oaoagdodotni nthdncaebionpeijdct.nWWF Germany has developed forest carbon pilot projects siocdn2007. Furthermore, WWF Germany has received targeted technical training and ongoing assistaocdn eionWioeicrnIoternational since 2009 as detailed in the agreement between WWF

81 F odiognageddodotsnwillnbdnpedsdotddntinthdnvalidatien pionedq dst. 82 VCS PD Annex 1 Additionality: 131213_Financial Analysis_Auditor


47

deoaoyn aodn Wioeicr83 to build WWF Indonesia’s capacity in carbon project design and implementation in order that WWF Indonesia may provide expertise needed and not covered by the Project Propondotnthei ghi tnthdncedditiognpdeiid.

Key capacities of the project management team include:

General Project Management

Kdyn tdchoicaln srillsmn datn hydeiligy,n teipicaln pdatn dcisystdo,n REDDn pilicy,n peijdctnmanagement, leadership, English literate, budgeting, report writing, team building, analytical thioriog,npedsdotatiionsrill,nachidvdodotnieidotdd,niegaoizatiioalnawaedodss.

Community Engagement

Kdyn tdchoicaln srillsmn Cioo oicatiio aodn acilitatiion srill, community development, participatory approaches, conflict management,n beidgiogn ldaddeship.n Fien sicialn st didsn licalndxpdetisdn i.d.n eionCheistiaonUoivdesityni n alaogranRayan aodn alaogranRayanUoivdesity were engaged.

Biodiversity Assessment

Kdyn tdchoicaln srillsmn Ecisystdonoappiog,n biidivdesityn s evdyn (paetic laelyn ion rdyn spdcidsn d.g.nieaog tao),n iedstn civden oappiog.n Fien iedstn civden oappiog, remote sensing experts from alaogranRayanUoivdesity were engaged.

Project Activities

KdyntdchoicalnsrillsmnCioo oicatiio,ncioo oityniegaoization, project management (including b dgdtiog,nschdd liognactivitids,noioitieiognaodnpeigedssnedpietnweitiog).

G4.3. Capacity building

The project opens job opportunities for local communitids.nKiods of jobs available includemn(i)nedg laen ciopilatiion i n gei odn watden ldvdln data;n (ii)n oioitieiogn daosn cioditiio;n (iii)noaiotdoaocdni nthdndaos;n(iv)nplaotiognaodnedplaotiog;n(v)noioitieiogni ntree survival rate and geiwth.nMaiotdoaocdni nthdndaos and planting and monitoring of growth and survival rate are usually done by hired gei p(s)ni nlicalnwierdes.nThdynare only hired for a certain job, and not permanently.nIonoistncasdsnthdnwierdesnaledadynhavdnthe tdchoicalnsrills needed for this type i nwier. A technical briefing is provided bd iednthdn idldwiernso as to ensure the quality and accuracy of the wierndxpdctdd.

Regular compilation of ground water level data and monitoring of the dams would be available as regulaenienpdeoaodotnjibs.nItnrequires siopldnsrillntindi,nand it is expected that a graduate from Lower Secondary Schiiln (SLT )n ien bighden Sdciodaeyn Schiiln (SLTA)n caon din itn wdll.n ivdeoodotn statisticaln datan ion 2010n shiwsn thatn 50%n i n jibn sddrdes ion alaogran RayanMunicipality (the nearest settldodotn tin thdn peijdctn ziod)n have gead atddn eion bighdenSecondary School, and 15% feion Liwden Sdciodaeyn Schiil.n Thdn saodn statisticaln datan alsinedvdalsn thatn thdnhighdstnpdecdotagdni ndd catiion ldvdln ion alaogranRayan isnbighdenSdciodaeyn 83 Contractual documents will be presented to the validatienionedq dst.


48

Schiiln(29%),n illiwddnbynLiwdenSdciodaeynSchiiln(22%)naodn eioaeynSchiiln(19%);nwhildniolyn12% graduated eion oivdesity.84

Tdchoicalnteaioiogn ienthdnpdeoaodotnwierdesnwillnbdncaeeiddni tnbynthdienedspdctivdns pdevisie.nAnsiopldnvis alng iddnbiirnwillnbdnpeid cddnasntinpeividdnhaodsniong idaocdnionthdn idldwier.nI n thdedn isn t eoivde,n thdn odwn wierden willn bdn trained individually by the supervisor, and dq ippddnwithnthdng iddnbiir.n

Figure 27 WWF/NP Field station at SSI canal is used for workshops with the local communities, school classes and other training and capacity bulilding purposes. A model of a canal with dam is shown. (© Kahlert, WWF)

G4.4. Community employment opportunities

Vacancy of availabe jobs is aooi ocddnionthdnodaebynvillagds.nAll communities will be given an dq alnippiet oityntin illnallndopliyodotnpisitiios.nnAligned with local social character, there is anpeiocipldntinpeiieitizdn licalnedce itsnasn aenasnpissibld.nFor each position, a specific Terms of Reference (T R)naodnDistioctn JibnMao aln (DJM)nwillnbdnddvdlipdd.nThe mode ienp bliciziognposition openings will be consulted with the Village Government and community leaders, in order to most effectively reach the whole como oity.n For example, openings may be p blicizddnthei ghndoailnaodn licalnoddia.n nSelection is be made by project staff of Sebangau National Paer Office and the staff of Villagdn ivdeoodots,nasnthdynroow the personal quality of thdnapplicaots.nAntdstnwi ldnbdnhdldniontdchoicalnsrills.nSelection will be based on a comparison of the qualificaitons of the candidate to the TOR and DJM, to ensure that women and underrepresented groups are given a fair chance to fill positions for which they are qualified and can bdn teaioddn tin pde ieo.n n The selected applicants are communicated to the Village Government, for they hdlpn ion istdeiogn thdn wierdesn tin ddvdlipn thdien capacityn ion thdienedspdctivdnjibs.

84 Rdgiioaln laooiognAgdocynaodnCdotealnB eda ni nStatisticsni n alaogranRayanCity.n2010.n alaogranRayanCitynionFig eds.


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G4.5. Workers’ rights

Regulations applicable tinwierdes’neightsnaednlistddnbdliwmn

• LawnNi.n13/2003nionEopliyodot: Basic regulations of employment in Indonesia. • Lawn Ni.n 80/1957n ion Rati icatiion i n IL n Ciovdotiion 100n ion Eq aln Rdo odeatiio:

Endorsement to follow international convention on the principle of equal edo odeatiion ienoaldnwierdesnaodnwiodon ienwierni ndq alnval d.

• LawnNi.n1/1970nionSa dtynatnWiermnEvdeynwierdenionthdnjibnaodnaoynithdenpdesionionthdnwierplacdnaedndotitlddn ienpeitdctiionaodnsa dty.

• Law.n Ni.n 7/1984n ion Rati icatiion i n Ciovdotiion on the Elimination of All Forms of Discrimination Against Women: Guarantee thatnalln citizdosn shalln bdndq alnbd iedn thdnlaw and government, so that all forms of discrimination against women should be abolished because it is not in accordance with Pancasila (ideology of the nation and thdn si ecdni n alln lawn ion Iodiodsia)nand the 1945 Constitution, and thus endorse the edlatddniotdeoatiioalnciovdotiio.

• LawnNi.n20/1999nionMioio onAgdni nEopliyodot: Endorsement of ILO Convention Ni.n138nionthdnsaodns bjdct.

• Law Ni.n21/1999nionDisceioioatiionionthdnEopliyodotnaodn cc patiio: : Endorsement i nIL nCiovdotiionNi.n111nionthdnsaodns bjdct.

• LawnNi.n 11/2005n ion Rati icatiion i n Iotdeoatiioaln Civdoaotn ion Ecioioic, Social and Cultural Rights: According to the nature of the Republic as a country that upholds h oaondigoitynaodndos eiogndq alityni nallncitizdosnwithionthdnlaw,naodnthdnddsiedni nthdnnation to continuously promote and protect human rights, the government endorse thdnedlatddniotdeoatiioalncivdoaot.

• Government RegulatiionNi.n8/1981nion eitdctiioni nWagdsmnRdg latdsnthdn aieodssni nwages, including prohibition to discrimination of wage between male and female wierde.

• ivdeoodotnRdg latiionNi.n15/2007nion eicdd edsni nEopliyodotn Io ieoatiionaodnManpower Planning: Regulates the compilation of information on employment and thdnplaontinpeividdnddoaodddnoaopiwden pntinDisteict/M oicipalitynldvdl.

• ivdeoien Rdg latiion Ni.n 26/2011n on Provincial Minimum Wage And Provincial Sectoral Minimum Wages in 2012: Set sectoral minimum wage in the Province of CdotealnKalioaotao,nwhichnisn pdatddndvdeynydae.

Worrdesnaednbdiogn io ieoddni their rights on the first day of their employment, and a staff with legal expertise will ensure compliance with the following existing regulations as described ionthdnSdbaoga nNatiioaln aernMaoagdodotn lao85.

A written Employment Agreement is oaddn ien dvdeyn edce itodot.n According tin Lawn Ni.n13/2003,nthdnAgeddodotnshi ldnodotiionthdneightsni nthdnwierden(AeticldnNi.n54)naodnitncaonot bdnwithdeawonienaododddndxcdptnwithnthdnciosdotni nbithnpaetidsn(AeticldnNi.n55).

85 VCSn DnAoodxn13n eijdctnoaoagdodotnplaomnSdbaoga nNatiioaln aernMaoagdodotn lao


50

Maintenance of health and safety of employees conducted according to Law Ni.n1/1970 and Regulation of the Labor Minister Ni.n 5/1996.n Thdn edg latiiosnarrange how employers meet thdienibligatiiosnionoaiotaioiognthdnhdalthnaodnsa dtyni nwierdes.

G4.6. Worker safety

D eiognthdncioste ctiioni nthdndaosnthdnwierdesn acdnthdneisrni n injuries from the use of the dq ipodots.nWildli dnionthdnpeijdctnaedanalsinadds thdneisrnif thdnwierde.nBddsnaednab odaotnionthdn licatiio,nwhildn soardsnare also sometimes encounterdd.nCeicidilds,n thi ghn eaed,ncan be encountered ionthdnoaioneivde.

Except fort thdneisrni nioj eidsnatndaoncioste ctiio,nthdneisrsnti the wierdesndinoitndi den eionthdneisrsnthdyndoci otdenionthdien s alnwiernasn ishdeoaoniengathdedesni nNTF .n

Information on thdneisrsnare peividddntinthdnwierdesnionthdn iestndayni nthdiendopliyodot.nFiestnaidnritnare always available at thdn idldwier site, aodn iensdeii snioj eidsnthdnwierdesnwi ldnbe transported to the hospital (2 hours by speed boat at the farthdstn wierplacd).n Aoo aln li dninsurance is also provided to the permanent wierdes.

G4.7. Financial health of implementation organization

Almost all of project preparations were funded under agreements between WWF Germany and German project investors. Technical design of the project, methodology and PDD development, as well as validation and verification processes are being coordinated by WWF Germany, while data collection and dam construction are being implemented by WWF Iodiodsia.n

G5. Legal Status and Property Rights

G5.1. Compliance with national and local laws

The Government of Indonesia is using a phased approach for REDD+ iopldodotatiio.nThdnrdynstdpsn ion thisn peicdssn aedn pedpaeatiio,n teaos ieoatiion aodn lln iopldodotatiio.n Fivdn rdynactivities are currently being conducted in the preparation phase: development of REDD+ institutions, development of a National Strategy on REDD+, development of an entity and system to manage MRV, development of a financial mechanism for distribution of benefits, aodnddvdlipodotni nceitdeiantinchiisdntwinpilitnpeiviocds.nThdnteaos ieoatiionphasdnstaetddnat the beginning of 2011 and will run throughntin2014.nF llniopldodotatiionisnplaooddntinstaetnion 2015.n Thdn oatiioaln pilicyn aodn peigeaon ion REDD+,n iocdn iopldodotdd,n willn havdn oaoynimplications for voluntary REDD+ projects in Indonesia and adjustments to the Project to reflect these new policies mightnbdnedq ieddnionthdn t ed.

Below we provide a summary of the laws and regulations relevant to voluntary REDD+ projects which are currently in effect and operational in Indonesia.86

Legislation Implications and 86 We note that some regulations related to forest carbon and REDD have been enacted in Indonesia but havdnodvdenbddonoaddnipdeatiioal.nThdsdnedg latiiosnlacrnthdnodcdssaeyniopldodotiognldgislatiiontinbdnoaddnd dctivd.n


51

Brief description

compliance

Law n° 5 of 1990 on Natural Resource Conservation

This law addresses management of ecosystem and biodiversity protection aedas,niocl diognoatiioalnpaers.nMaoagdodotni noatiioalnpaersnis under the authority of the cdotealngivdeoodot.nNatiioalnpaersnaedniegaoizddnbynanzioiognsystdo,nionwhichnpaersnmay be demarcated into core ziodsn(steictlynpeitdctdd;nnonhuman-induced change pdeoittdd),n tilizatiionziodsn( ienti eisonaodnedcedatiio),naodn“ithde”nziods,niocl diognwilderness, traditional use, rehabilitation, and other uses (c .naeticldsn32naodn33).nB denziodsni tsiddnthdnpeitdctddnareas may be privately held, but they are still subject to government dictated oaoagdodotnpeacticdsn(c .ndl cidatiiontinAeticldn16.2).

The Sebangau National aernisnivdesddonbynthdnD n bKAnwithin the Mioisteyni nFiedstey. Whildnzioiogni nthdnSdbaoga nNatiioaln aernhas not been determined yet, the close coordination and involvement of the Ministry of Forestry sdc edsnthatn ioalnzioiognattribution will be coherent with the development of the Project.

Act n° 41 of 1999 on Forestry

This is the basic forestry law in Iodiodsia.nAcciediogntinthisnLaw the state exercises a priori full rights over forest land (c .npedaobldnaodnaeticldn1).nConservation areas such as oatiioalnpaersnaednivdesddonbynDG bKA,nwhdedasnthdnoatiioalnpaerni icdsnaednresponsible for directly oaoagiognthdnpaers.

The Sebangau National aern icdnisnthdndotitynwith direct responsibility ienthdnNatiioaln aernand reports directly to thdnD n bKA.nn

Ministerial Decision Letter n° 56/2006 on Zoning within National Parks

This Decision determines how di dedotnziodsncaonbdnddvdlipddnionoatiioalnpaersnand what can/cannot be done iondachnziodn(cied,nsaoct aey,nwilddeodss,ndtc.)nwithionthdnpaer.nNinactivitidsnithdenthaonresearch are allowed in the ciednziod.nLioitddnactivitynisnallowed in the wilderness ziod,niocl diogndovieioodotalnservices and activity that supports the functions of the ciednziod.nActivitidsnionithden

Thdnzioiogni nSebangau Natiioaln aernhasnoitnbddonddtdeoioddnydt.nbiwdvde,nthdnactivitidsnallowed within the core ziodni nanoatiioalnpaerninclude protection and security, inventory of biodiversity and ecosystem, R&D, scidocdnaodndd catiio.nWe would argue this project falls under the protection and security


52

ziodsnvaeynddpdodiognionlicalncioditiiosn(aeticldn7).

of the ecosystem of the paernaod therefore it is ionciopliaocd.

Ministry of Forestry Regulation n° 68/2008 on the Implementation of Demonstration Activities on REDD

This Regulation deals with the implementation of deoiosteatiionREDDnactivitids.nIt foresees the implementation of pilot projects “to test and develop methodologies, technologies and institutions” for a maximum period of 5 ydaesn(c .naeticldsn2naodn5.6).nRdcigoizddnpeijdctnproponents are the government, timber licensees, and other right holders, including indigenous right holders and “forest oaoagdodotn oits”n(c .naeticldn1.6).nn eipiodotsnaednalliwddnto cooperate with partners such as international agencies aodnthdnpeivatdnsdctien(c .naeticldn1.7).nAllnddoinstration activities need to be a thieized by the Ministry of Fiedstey.

WWF has an agreement with the Ministry of Forestry, from April 2011, on REDD demonstration projects in Sebangau National aer,nioniopldodotatiionof Regulation no° 68/2008.n

Ministerial Decree n° 30/2009 Implementation Procedures for REDD

This Decree specifically a thieizdsnREDDnactivitidsnionciosdevatiion iedstnaedasn(c .naeticldn3).nThdnddceddnciotaiosnguidelines for location sdldctiion(c .nappdodixn2),nplaons boissiion(c .nappdodix 3),nsetting reference emission levels and measuring forest civde/caebionsticrn(c .nappdodixn5),naodng iddliodsn ienverification and certification (c .nappdodixn6)naodndlabieatdsnon data requirements and procedures to register a REDD project with the Ministry of Forestry (see decree gdodeally).nIopldodotatiioni nREDD, including assessment of REDD proposals, review of monitoring and verification results, and issuance of Carbon Emission Reduction Certificates is the

Sebangau, being a oatiioalnpaer,nisndddoddna conservation forest area by article 29 of Law n° 5/1990 and Ministerial Decree n° 423/2004. The REDD Commission established by this Ministerial Decree is oit,nion act,nipdeatiioal.nTherefore the Agreement WWF has with the Ministry of Forest for the implementation of REDD activities in Sebangau from April 2011 should be s icidot.n


53

responsibility of a REDD Commission established by the Mioistden(c .naeticldsn1,n12,n18-19).nThdn t edni nthisnDdceddnis uncertain because currently the government is developing an MRV institution to manage a carbon accounting and repoetiognsystdo.

Presidential Decree n° 61 of 2011 on the National Action Plan for Greenhouse Gas Emission Reduction

This Decree stipulates core and supporting activities designed to reduce natural and anthropogenic greenhouse gas emissions as part of Indonesia’s larger development strategy and in light of Indonesia’s international commitments to edd cdn b ndoissiios.n odni nthe strategies is to reduce b ndoissiiosn eiondeforestation and forest degradation, including through peat land management (Article 2).nSdbaoga nisniodni nthdnpeijdctsna thieizddnbynthisnDecree (see Attachment 1, CiednActivitids,na thieiziogntwo REDD demonstration activities in peat forest conservation areas in Central Kalimantan and Jambi peiviocds).

No provisions explicitly dealing with carbon ceddits.n

Ministry of Forestry Regulation n° 20/2012 on Implementation Forest Carbon

This Regulation applies to forest carbon management demonstration activities for the readinessnphasd.nThdsdnactivities can be conducted in statdnciosdevatiion iedsts.nThdninitiator of the activity must submit a written request of the project to the Minister of Fiedsteyn ienedgisteatiio.n

In June 2012, Sebangau Natiioaln aernManagement sent a lettdentinthdnD n bKAnrequesting registration i nthisnpeijdct.n

Thdnpeijdctnactivity,nedwdttiogndeaioddnpdatlaodsnionSdbaoga nNatiioaln aernthei ghntdchoicalnodaosn(dstablishodotni ndaos)nisnion llnciopliaocdnwithnallnedldvaotnlawsnddsceibddnhded.nD dnto uocdetaiotyn s eei odiogn edg latiioni n thdnvil otaeynREDDnoaerdtn ion Iodiodsia,nWWFnaodnthe Ministry of Forestry Director General of Forest Protection and Nature have developed an agreement for a transition period with WWF to facilitate project management and


54

implementation and development of a financial mechanism for benefit distribution by Sdbaoga nNatiioaln aer.

G5.2. Approval from appropriate authorities

Acciediogntinaeticldn1ni nRdg latiiono°n3/2007ni nthdnMioisteyni nFiedstey,noatiioalnpaerni icdsnare the authorities endowed with responsibility for the management and protection of the edspdctivdnoatiioalnpaers.nAeticldn3ni n thisnRdg latiionalsindstablishdsn thatn thdnoatiioalnpaernoffice is responsible for, among others, the promotion of environmental services within the oatiioaln paern aeda.n Natiioaln paern i icdsn edpietn diedctlyn tin thdn Diedctien dodealn Fiedstn eitdctiionaodnNat ednCiosdevatiion(D n bKA)nwithionthdnMioisteyni nFiedstey.

FiedstsnwithionthdnSdbaoga nNatiioaln aernaednclassi iddnasnstatdnciosdevation forests (Forestry Actn o°.41/1999)n whisdn aion isn tin pedsdevdn thdn iedst’sn oaion dciligicaln octiios.n Ninconcessions or use permits have been or are expected to be issued by the Ministry of Forestry ienaoynithdena thieitynwithionthdn eijdctnaeda.n

The Sdbaoga n Natiioaln aern icdn isn hdocdn thdn sildn dotityn ldgallyn a thieizddn tin caeey-out oaoagdodot,n peitdctiio,n aodn ciosdevatiion activitidsn withion thdn Natiioaln aern aodn thdna thieityn whichn hasn diedctn cioteiln ivden thdn dotiedn eijdctn aeda.n Thdn eightn i n sdn i the Sdbaoga nNatiioaln aern icdnisn ethdencio ieoddnbynthdnageddodotndotdeddnbdtwddonWWFnIodiodsian (s ppietiogn paetoden aodn peijdctn paeticipaot)n aodn thdn D n bKA,n i n 11n Apeiln 2011,nappiiotiogn thdn Sdbaoga n Natiioaln aern asn thdn eijdctn ioitiatien (p es aotn to Regulation n° 68/2008naodnRdg latiiono°n20/2012).

Thdniopldodotatiioni nthisnpeijdctno stnalsinoddtnREDDnsa dg aeds.nC eedotlynnational REDD safeguards (Indonesia Safeguards Principle Criteria Indicators—PRISAI)nare still in the drafting peicdss.nbiwdvde,nthe hydrology restoration project in Sebangau National Paer has attempted to meet the basic principles of the draft version of the national safeguards, especially those edlatiogn tin thdn eightsni n licaln cioo oitids.nThe construction of dams is always agreed upon with the holder of rivers and the customary owner of the canals (whenever they were still living in the area).nWhildndotdeiognthdnREDDnschdod,napproval of the holders of the rights to the river in the project area was specifically requested, which is confirmed by the Sub-district Government87.n A meeting was held with the peioaeyn stardhilddes,n i.d.n thdn stardhilddesn at village level up to Customary Chief at sub-district level, which produced a memorandum of understanding on the implementation of REDD in Sebangau National Paer 88.

G5.3. Compliance with property rights

The project is considered as a REDD+ ddoiosteatiion activityn (DA)n byn the Government of Indonesia89.nItnhas been included in the NatiioalnActiion laoni n b nEoissiionRdd ctiionsince 2011 as a DA in a ciosdevatiion aeda.n Fien itsn iopldodotatiion an eigeaon Rd deealn aodnOperational Plan was jointly created by the Ministry of Forestry and WWF-Iodiodsia. All forest

87 See supplementary document: Ageddodotn eionRivdenbilddes.pd . 88 See supplementary document: MiUnAoiogn eioaeynStardhilddesni nSdbaoga nDAnREDD.pd . 89 VCS PD – Supplementary documents – Annex 4 – Carbon Ownership - Approval of REDD+by Ministry of Forestry


55

areas in Indonesia are controlled and managed by the State for public purposes, so there is no individual ownership of lands within the project boundary.nbowever, traditional rights over the river tributaries remain and are discussed here.

Asnodotiioddn ion sdctiion 3.8.n thdn dxistiogn c stioaeyn tdo eialn eightsn ion thdn peijdctn aedn iestnconsulted with Customary Chiefsnaodnchdcrddnwithn thdn edspdctivdnhilddes.nTraditional rights over the river tributaries and thdn tilizatiioni njelutung sap still exist in the project area.nOn 20 September 2011, Sebangau National Paer authority invited the river holders and fishermen for a socialisation and consultation session, where WWF Indonesia helped in presenting the peijdctnaodn acilitatiognthdndisc ssiio.nAll of the river holders attended the meeting, along with 58n ishdeodonwhintdopieaeilynstaynion10ncl stdesni n ishdeodonshdltdes surrounding the area of iotdevdotiio.n Thdn bdadsn i n thdn twin S b-districts, two Sub-district Customary Chiefs, two Villagdn bdads,n thdn biaednodobdesn i n twin Cioo oityn Fie osn aodn thdn bdadn i n S b-district Police Station also attended thdnoddtiog.

Prior to the consultation in 2011, the river holders had already agreed on the construction of thdndaosnionitsnpilitnphasdnion2004.nNiwnthatnthdy have been presented with the possibility of the registration of the project to become one of REDD demonstration activity in Indonesia, thdynhavdnoinibjdctiio.nAllni nthdncaedtardesni nthdneivdesnsigoddnaonageddodotn ldttde,nwhichnwas prepared after the meeting.

G5.4. Involuntary relocation

There is no permanent settlement in the project area, only clusters of temporary fishermen shelters along River Sebangau on the east perimeter of the project area.n Thdn ishdeodonshelters will not be relocated, for fishing acitivities do not negativelyna dctiognthdnpeijdct.n

G5.5. Illegal activities

Illegal activities that could affect the project’s climate, community or biodiversity impacts include fire, dam destruction, wildlife poaching (d.g.ncommercial birds, bush meats), and the use of poison and electricity to catch fish.n In order to prevent and address illegal activities at the licaln ldvdl,nrdynstardhilddesnagreed to strengthening customary laws on natural resource tilizatiion aodn dovieioodotaln caed.n The agreement is mentioned in the MoU among the peioaeyn stardhilddes90. At the formal level Natiioaln aern edg latiiosn spdci icallynpeitdctn thdndcisystdonaodnitsnbiidivdesity.nLegal basis for the protection is provided bynLawnNi.n5/1990nionNatural Resources and Ecosystems Ciosdevatiio.n Coordination with local Police Station is edq ieddnionthdnciopldtiionpeicdssn oddenoatiioalnlaws.

G5.6. Carbon rights Following Regulation n° 20/2012 on implementation of forest carbon activities (articles 3 and 4),n thdn Sdbaoga n Natiioaln aern icdn i iciallyn s boittddn an ldttden tin thdn D n bKAn i n thdnMioisteyn i n Fiedsteyn edq dstiogn edgisteatiion i n thdn eijdct.n Thdn D n bKAnof the Ministry of Fiedsteyn hasn acroiwlddgddn edcdiptn i n thdn edq dstn aodn isn dxpdctddn tin peicdddn withn eijdctnregistration by submitting a letter to the Minister of Forestry as required by Regulation n° 20/2012.

90 Sddns ppldodotaeyndic odotmnMiUnAoiogn eioaeynStardhilddesni nSdbaoga nDAnREDD.pd


56

The project proponent is Sebangau National Parrnp es aotntinMioisteyni nFiedsteynRdg latiionNi.n68ni nYdaen2008nAeticldn1n iiotn6nwhichn statdsn thatn thdncaebionpeijdctnpeipiodotn isn thdngivdeoodot,n pdeoitn hildden ien tiobden tilizatiio,n pdeoitn hildden ienoaoagden i n iedstn eightsnholder, manager of customary forest, or the head of the forest management unit with edspiosibilityn ien ddoiosteatiion activitids.n Thisn wasn alsin agedddn tin byn thdn Diedctien i nEnvironmental Services under the Director General of the Forest Protection and Nature Conservation Ministry dueiogn cios ltatiion bdtwddon J lyn aodn Ddcdobden 2011.n Sebangau National Paer isn thdn dotityn oaodatddn withn a thieityn ivden thdn paern odden thdn Mioisteyn i nFiedsteynbasddnionMioisteyni nFiedsteynRdg latiionNi.n40ni nYdaen2010naddedssiogniegaoizatiionand governance i n thdnMioisteyni n Fiedstey.nThded ied,n Sdbaoga nNatiioaln aernhasn ‘eightni n sd’ni ncaebioncedditsngdodeatddnbynthdnactivitidsnionthdnpeipisddnpeijdctnaeda.

Ciosiddeiogn thdn Lawn i n Fiedsteyn Ni.n 41n i n Ydaen 1999,n Sdbaoga n Natiioaln aern willn oitn bdneligible to conduct business transactions since its function is technical implementation of the caebion peijdctn odden thdnMioisteyn i n Fiedstey.n n It is expected that Sdbaoga n Natiioaln aernthrough the Ministry of Forestry Director of Environment Service will develop a business entity “ ivdeoodotnBidyn ienSdevicds”n(BLU)nthatnisndligibldntinciod ctnb siodssnteaosactiiosn oddenthdnpaerna thieity.


57

CLIMATE SECTION

CL1. Net Climate Impacts Under the applicability conditions in the selected methodology, it is assumed that in the basdliodn scdoaeiin thdn caebion sticrsn ion thdn abivdgei odn teddn biioassnwilln bdn ddcedasiogn ienstabldn d dn tin iocedasddn chaocdn i n b eoiogn ien teddn ddathn d dn tin liwn watden tabldn ldvdls.nnTherefore it is conservatively assumed that no changes occur in the aboveground biomass as a result of project activities, and the only carbon pool that is accounted for within the project bi odaeynionthdnpeijdctnscdoaeiinisnthdnsiilncaebionpiil.nn

Baseline CO2 emissions are estimated based on the water level with respect to the peat s e acd.n Thdsdn watden ldvdlsn aednoiddlddn basddn ion thdn layi tn i n edldvaotn deaioagdn systdosnhistorically and at the project start date (including any potential “natural damming” expected tinicc enionthdnpeijdctnaeda)naodnthdnliog-term average weather peiientinthdnpeijdctnstaet.nnThe dynamic integrated model SIMGRO calibrated for ombrogenous tropical peatlands in Southeast Asia is used to model water levels and stratify the project area by drainage depth to dstioatdnbasdliodndoissiios. Itnisnciosdevativdlynass oddnthatnoinCb4 or N2 n b ndoissiiosntardnplacdnionthdnbasdliodnscdoaeii.nn

Project CO2 doissiiosnwdedncalc latddnacciediogntinthdnodthidn sddn ienthdnbasdliodnscdoaeii.

Uncertainty in emissions from change in pools due to uncertainty in modeled water table levels are assdssddnaodnq aoti iddnasn illiws.

The uncertainty in water table levels calculated for the SIMGRO model is used to calculate the uncertainty in the change in pools due using the equation:

WTU=TotalyUncertaint

Where:

UncertaintyTotal Total Uncertainty for entire project; %

UWT Percent uncertainty in water table levels; %

Thdntitaln ocdetaiotyn ienthdndotiednpeijdctnisn31%.

The allowable uncertainty is +/- 30% of CPRC atn thdn95%ncio iddocdn ldvdl.nWhere uncertainty exceeds 30% of CPRC,t at the 95% confidence level then the deduction must be equal to the amount that the uncertaintyndxcdddsnthdnalliwabldnldvdl.nnAtn31%nUncertaintyTotal exceeds the maximum alliwabldn ocdetaiotynbyn1%.nnThded iednthdnadjusted value for CPRC,t to account for uncertainty is be calculated with the equation:

( )%30int%100*_ ,, +−= TotaltPRCtPRC yUncertaCCAdjusted

Where:


58

Adjusted_ CPRC, t C o lativdn titaln odtn b n doissiion edd ctiiosn atn tiodn t adjusted to account for uncertainty; t CO2-e

CPRC, t C o lativdntitalnodtn b ndoissiionedd ctiiosnatntiodnt; t CO2-e

UncertaintyTotal Total uncertainty for WRC project activity; %

Basdliod,npeijdct,naodnldaragdndoissiiosnaedns ooaeizddnionTabldn1.n nTitalnodtn b ndoissiionreductions generated by the project over the 30 year crediting period adjusted for uncertainty ionoiddlddnwatdenldvdlsnaedn99,833ntnC 2-d.nnThdn100nydaenodtnbdod itnadj stddn ien ocdetaiotynisn99,873,882ntnC 2-dnaodnisnth snoitniosigoi icaot.n

Table 1 Summary of baseline, project, and leakage emissions and net GHG emission reductions

Year

Ndtn b nemissions in the baseline scenario at time t

Ndtn b nemissions in the project case at time t

Ndtn b nemissions due to ldaragdnat time t

Total net b nemission reductions at time t

Cumulative total net b nemission reductions

Titalnodtn b nemission reductions at time t adjusted for uncertainty

Cumulative total net b nemission reductions adjusted for uncertainty

ΔCBSL,t ΔCP,t ΔCLK,t CPRC,t Adjusted_ CPRC, t t CO2-e t CO2-e t CO2-e t CO2-e t CO2-e t CO2-e t CO2-e

2009 222,459 170,905 0 51,554 51,554 51,038 51,038 2010 1,407,670 1,321,320 0 86,350 137,904 85,487 136,525 2011 182,161 117,682 0 64,479 202,383 63,834 200,359 2012 27,822 15,805 0 12,017 214,400 11,897 212,256 2013 153,387 94,360 0 59,027 273,427 58,437 270,692 2014 86,198 51,802 0 34,396 307,823 34,052 304,744 2015 588,455 513,763 0 74,692 382,515 73,945 378,690 2016 9,450 5,718 0 3,732 386,247 3,695 382,384 2017 25,351 15,260 0 10,091 396,338 9,990 392,374 2018 428,352 324,565 0 103,787 500,125 102,749 495,124 2019 730,552 671,853 0 58,699 558,824 58,112 553,236 2020 16,030 9,489 0 6,541 565,365 6,476 559,711 2021 138,761 106,541 0 32,220 597,585 31,898 591,609 2022 336,404 290,844 0 45,560 643,145 45,104 636,713 2023 12,129 7,969 0 4,160 647,305 4,118 640,832 2024 21,756 15,146 0 6,610 653,914 6,544 647,375 2025 913,666 844,710 0 68,956 722,870 68,266 715,642 2026 23,261 16,670 0 6,591 729,461 6,525 722,166 2027 11,306 8,527 0 2,779 732,240 2,751 724,918 2028 16,790 11,506 0 5,285 737,525 5,232 730,150 2029 29,261 19,193 0 10,069 747,593 9,968 740,118 2030 213,127 155,838 0 57,289 804,882 56,716 796,834 2031 63,283 40,056 0 23,227 828,109 22,994 819,828 2032 20,059 14,097 0 5,963 834,072 5,903 825,731 2033 7,683 6,339 0 1,343 835,415 1,330 827,061


59

2034 160,926 115,246 0 45,680 881,095 45,223 872,284 2035 13,079 10,855 0 2,224 883,319 2,202 874,485 2036 10,722 8,445 0 2,277 885,596 2,255 876,740 2037 9,380 7,978 0 1,402 886,998 1,388 878,128 2038 150,701 118,116 0 32,585 919,583 32,259 910,387

TOTAL 6,030,180 5,110,597 0

919,583

910,387

Details of calculations i n odtn b n doissiion edd ctiiosn are included in the supplementary documents to the VCS PD91.

CL2. Offsite Climate Impacts (Leakage) As a result of the project activity, any illegal selective logging activities in the baseline may be temporarily or permanently displaced from within the Project Area Boundary to areas outside thdn peijdctn bi odaey.n Uodden thdn applicabilityn cioditiiosn i n thisnodthidiligy,n oin ldaragdn isnassumed to occur as a result of the displacement of economic activities from the Excluded Aedani nWatdeshdd(s)ntinithdenaedas.nbiwdvdensiocdnedwdttiognactivitidsntariognplacdnwithionthdnproject boundary may result in an increase in water levels within the Excluded Area of Watdeshdd(s),ndoissiiosn eionodthaodnaednciosdevativdlyndstioatdd.

Eoissiiosn eionpitdotialnldaragdnaedndstioatddnasnthdns oni ndoissiiosnd dntinoaerdtnd dctsnaodn activityn displacdodot.n n biwdvde,n asn alliwddn byn thdn sdldctddn odthidiligyn odden VCSnAF LUnV3.2nSdctiion4.6.16,n b ndoissiiosnd dntinoaerdtnd dctsnldaragdnaednoitnciosiddedd.nnThded ied,ndoissiiosn eionpitdotialnldaragdnaedncalc latddnas follows:

∑=

=periodcreditingt

ttLKLK

_

1 (1)

tDegctsMarketEffet LKLKLK ,+=

(2)

0=ctsMarketEffeLK

(3)

Where:

LK Net greenhouse gas emissions due to leakage; t CO2-e

LKt Net greenhouse gas emissions due to leakage at time t; t CO2-e

LKMarketEffects Total GHG emissions due to market effects leakage; t CO2-e

LKDeg,t Total GHG emissions due potential degradation at time t; t CO2-e

91 Annex 22 SIMGRO and Emission Calculations: SNP – EoissiionEstioatiionFioal.xls


60

t 1, 2, 3, … tcrediting_period years elapsed since the projected start of the project activity

As required by the selected methodology, an assessment was carried out to determine if ddgeadatiionactivitidsnwi ldnhavdn tardonplacdn ion thdnabsdocdni n thdnpeijdct. A participatory e ealn appeaisaln ( RA)n i n the communities surrounding the project area was conducted to determine if there is the potential for degradation to occur within the project boundary or in thdns eei odiognaedasn oddendithdenthdnbasdliodnienpeijdctnscdoaeii.

The primary users of the peatland resource in the project area and surrounding areas reside pdeoaodotlynionKdedognBaogrieainvillagd.nnIo ieoatiionddeivddn eionancios ltatiionwiershipnion2003nshiwsnthatndcioioicnedvdo dsni naloistn80%ni nthe village of KereognBaogrieainaedn eionthe exploitation of natural resources surrounding the community, such as the Sebangau Natiioaln aernaodnithdenoat ealnaedas92.nnMistnhi sdhildsndaeonanliviogn eionteaditiioaln ishiognactivities, gemor baern cilldctiio,n aodn pantung/jelutung tappiog.n n An oioieityn i n hi sdhildsnengage in mining of white clay (kaolin)naodnsaod.

In terms of household incomes, the traditional freshwater fisheries sector was found to provide the highest revenues for the communities surrounding the project area compared to ithdenactivitids.n n Iotdevidwsnwithnodobdesni nthdnKdedognBaogrieai’sncioo oitynshiwddnthatnincome as a fisherman is highest, followed by gemor, and pantung (jelutung) 93.nAonavdeagdnmonthly income is IDR 912,500 for fishermen, and IDR 754,167 and IDR 750,000 respectively for gemor and jelutung tappdes.n onthdncioteaey,nthdnilldgaln liggiognb siodssng aeaotddsniolynaround IDR 375,000 per month94.n n Thded ied,n thdedn isn oin dcioioicn iocdotivdn tin dogagdn ionilldgalnliggiognactivitids.nnF ethdeoied,nedg lae pateilliognbynthdnSdbaoga nNatiioaln aern icdnhasnbddond dctivdn ionpedvdotiogn illdgaln liggiognwithionthdn aernbi odaeidsnwhdednthdnpeijdctnaedanisnlicatddnasndviddocddnbyn aernoioitieiognedpiets95.nBasddnionthisnio ieoatiionibtaioddnfrom the consultatioonwiershipnaodnthdndo iecdodotni n thdn ldgalnstat sni n thdn laodsnwithionthdn peijdctn bi odaey,n itn isn ciocl dddn thatn oin ddgeadatiion activitidsn wi ldn pitdotiallyn tardnplacd,naodnasnalliwddnbynthdnodthidiligy,nactivitynshi tiognldaragdnisnass oddntinbdnzdein otil thdnodxtn RAnicc es.nThdn lirdlihiidni nddgeadatiionactivitidsnbdiognshi tddntinithden licatiiosnwillnbdnoioitieddnbynedpdatiognthdn RAnactivityndvdeyn ivdnydaes.

0, =tDegLK

Since activity shifting leakage is zero, total ex ante leakage for the project area is assumed to be zero.

92 VCSn DnAoodxn8nLdaragdnaoalysismnRdpietni nWiershipnionUoddestaodiognSdbaoga nAedanCioditiiosnaodnthdnbipdn ienthdnF t edn ionDisteictn ahaod t,nKdedognBdogrieai,n11n Jao aeyn2003,nthdnM oicipalityn ivdeoodotn alaogranRayanionciipdeatiionwithnWWFnIodiodsian- Central Kalimantan Sebangau Project, p.n9. 93 Aliay bnA.n2002.nAnSicii-Ecioioicn ei ildni nthdnSdbaoga nWatdeshddnAeda,nCdotealnKalioaotao.nWWFnIndonesia 94 Portrait condition of Sebangau area and Future Expectations 2003 95 VCSn DnAoodxn8nLdaragdnaoalysismnSdbaoga nNatiioaln aernMioitieiognRdpiets


61

CL3. Climate Impact Monitoring Monitoring is carried out periodically to ensure that project activities are implemented as plaooddnaodn tindval atdn thdn iopactni npeijdctn activitidsnionwatden ldvdlsn ion thdnpeijdctn aeda.nnMonitoring is carried out by WWF under the supervision of a field hydrological coordinator. The project boundary, climate variables, dam construction and maintenance, and water level val dsnaednoioitieddnd eiognpeijdctn iopldodotatiio. As WWF and partners have agreed to ensure that the project implementation will have impacts, and these impacts will depend on data availabilitynaodnedliability,ns chnactivitynwilln illiwnpeicdd edsnasnddsceibddnbdliw.

1.1.1 Monitoring of waterways

Additional information on the location and characteristics of waterways will be obtained at the firstn vdei icatiion dvdotn illiwiogn basdliodn edvisiio.n Thdnodthidsn ddsceibddn ion thdn dic odotnSOP Field Measurements of Canals96 will be implemented to gather additional information on watdeways.

1.1.2 Monitoring of climate variables

Climate variables are continuously collected from an automatic logger weather station roiwonas a Wdathden bawrn Mioin Statiio.n Thisn statiion isn licatddn io SSI Camp, Lat -2.580288n Liogn114.041430n withn dldvatiiosn 18n on asl. This station was installed in 2006, and will supply weather data for running the SIMGRO model.

There are two climate variables which are critical for running the SIMGRO model, which are pedcipitatiion (oo/day)n aodn dvapieatiio.n Evapotranspiration rates for running the SIMGRO model for ex ante calculations were obtained from the scientific literature.n

For monitoring purposes, precipitation data will be collected using a gauge and evaporation data from an dvapieatiionpao.nData on these two variables are collected on a dailynbasis. Data on daily precipitation and evapotranspiration will be stored in electronic format at the WWF Fidldn icdnion alaograeaya.

1.1.3 Monitoring of Fires in Project Area

Evdonthi ghnedwdttiogni nthdnpdatlaodnaedasnwillnlirdlynedd cdniociddocdni n ied,n iedsnstillnoaynicc e.n Fiedsno stnbdnoioitieddnwithion thdnproject boundary and the area of fire delineated spatially.

Thdnicc eedocdni n iedsnionthdnpeijdctnaedanisnoioitieddndailynbynSdbaoga nNatiioaln aer.nThdnicc eedocdn i n iedsn oayn bdn oioitieddn siogn edoitdn sdosiogn (d.g.n M DISn hitspitn data)n ienground based techoiq dsn(d.g.npateils).nThdnpeicdd edsnlaidni tnbynthdnSN nMaoagdodotn laono stnbdn illiwddnbynSN ndopliydds.

When a fire is identified, after the fire has been extinguished, the perimeter of the burn scar is delineated with a GPS unit on the ground by Sebaoga n Natiioaln aer.n Altdeoativdly,n highnresolution imagery may be obtained for a date following the fire and this employed to ddliodatdnthdnaedani n thdn ied.nThdnspatialnbi odaeidsni n thdn iednaodnthdndatdni n thdn iednaednstored in a geodatabase by Sebanga n Natiioaln aern acciediogn tin S n Datan Stieagdn aodn

96 VCS PD Annex 17 SOPs: SOP Field Measurements of Canals


62

Aechiviog.n nMioitieiogn datan ion iedsn ion thdn peijdctn aedan isn ddlivdeddn tinWWFn Iodiodsian ienpedpaeatiioni noioitieiognedpiets.

1.1.4 Monitoring of project activities

Project activities are monitored to ensure that they are implemented according to the project oaoagdodotnplao.n Ionadditiio,nwatden ldvdlsnaednoioitieddntindval atdnthdn iopactni npeijdctnactivitidsnionwatdenldvdlsnionthdnpeijdctnaeda.

1.1.5 Monitoring of project boundary

The coordinates of each dam established are monitored as described below to demonstrate that all dams constructed are located within the project boundary and that the actual project aedancio ieosntinthdnaedani tlioddnionthdnpeijdctnoaoagdodotnplao.

Asn statddn ion Sdbaoga n Natiioaln aer 20 Year Management Plan97, there are two types of measures implemented to maintain control over the Natiioaln aern aeda, patrol and joint pateil.n Thdn pateiln isn ciod cted on a regular basis as described in detail in every yearly ipdeatiioalnplao.nOn the other hand, joint patrol is usually the result of an extraordinary event as well as illegal activities such as fire accident, electro- ishiognaodnaoynithdenilldgalnipdeatiio.n

According to the Natiioaln aer Management Plan, there will be 12 regular pateilsnpdenydae.nEach patrolling activity lasts for five days, involving three Natiioaln aernpdesioodl.nApaetn eionthe patrols described in their Management Plan, there will be additional supervision of any activity involving external visitors as well as WWF’s regular activity in the project area, so that the frequency and extent of patrols will be sufficient to demonstrate that control is maintained ivdenthdnlaodnionwhichnthdnpeijdctnisntariognplacd.

1.1.5.1 Monitoring of dam establishment

The optimal location of dams is determined ex ante pdenthdnappliddnpeijdctnodthidiligy.nThdnact aln licatiion i n dachn daon dstablishddn isn edciedddn atn daon cioste ctiio.n Daon io ieoatiionincluding geographic coordinates is recorded for each dam constructed and entered into a geodatabasd.nThdnoioitieiogn ieonis ddtailddnionTabldn9.

Table 2 Dam construction monitoring form98

No

Name after owner

Canal name

Dam code

Coordinate

Year constructed

Pics Dam type

hd (m) S (m)

Remarks

Lat Long

1 2 3 u d

1 Tano Bg1 Bg1.1

2010

ArcGIS 9 (ArcMap version 9.3) is the software used for the geodatabase. Data collected from the field is plotted for a quick preview in Google Earth ™ using GPS receiver readings. Once the geodatabase is ciopldtd,nitnisnplittddnionAec ISnsi twaed. 97 VCS PD Annex 13 Project management plan: Sebangau Natiioaln aernMaoagdodotn lao 98 Cil oonlabdlsnaednabbedviatddntin itnwiodiwnaodnciotdotnsizdn– icsmn ict eds;nbdmnbdadndi dedocd;nUmnUpper dam; D: Downstream dam; S: Sedimentation


63

1.1.5.2 Monitoring of dam maintenance

Dams are monitored at least once bd iednanvdei icatiiondvdotntardsnplacd.nDaosnaednoioitieddnd eiogn thdn deyn sdasion bdca sdn hdadn di dedocd,n ldaragd,n aodn cioste ctiion ail edn aednoiedndasilynassdssddnwhdonwatdenldvdlsnaednedlativdlynliwnciopaeddntinthdnwdtnsdasio. A map which includes dam location and code/dam # is used in the field to verify that all dams are ground chdcrdd. Canals are navigated by foot or boat and the condition of each dam is assessed to evaluate

• Aoynldaragdn eioncioste ctiion ail ed;

• Sedimentation;

• Surrounding vegetation; and

• Watdenldvdlnienhdadndi dedocd.nn

Thisnio ieoatiionisnedciedddnionthdn ieonionTabldn10.

Table 3 Dam maintenance monitoring form99

Date:

Observer:

Sub-catchment :

No Code/

Dam #

Dam type

Dams condition Details description Remarks Good Good damag

e dc hd hdist other

s

Based on the information recorded in the field, each dam is assigned to one of three categories described below:

Good:

Dams are considered in good condition if they demonstrate the expected head di dedocdn(25nco),ngiidnsddiodotatiionaodnplaots havdngeiwons eei odiognthdndao.

Moderately damaged:

Dams are considered moderately damaged if they demonstrate the expected head difference, but have minor construction failure such as asymmetric dimension or if the odaondi dedocdnisnhighdenthaonsiilns e acd.n

Severely damaged:

99 Cil oon labdlsn aedn abbedviatddn tin itn wiodiwn aodn ciotdotn sizdn – dc: dam’s construction; hd: head difference; hdist: human disturbance; others: non-specified


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Dams are considered severely damaged if they show major construction failure and/or h oaonpedsdocdsniendvdondist ebaocd.n

For oiddeatdlyniensdvdedlyndaoagddndaos,niodni nthdn illiwiognactiiosnisntardom

Repair:

I n pissibld,n daosn aedn edpaiedd.n n Thdn ddcisiion tin edpaien ien oitn edpaien isn basddnion thdnsdvdeityni nthdncioste ctiion ail ednibsdevddnionthdn idld.n

Relocate:

Dams are relocated in cases where the dam is completely beirdo.nCiopldtdlynbeirdondaosn aedn iopissibldn tin ix.n Thdn daonoaynbdnoivdd iewaedn ien bacrwaed,n caed llynconsidering its impact on other dams in the same canal (hdadndi dedocd).nAlternatively the dam may be relocated to another canal if conditions in the field are not appeipeiatdntinoivdnthdndaonlicatiion iewaednienbacrwaednionthdncaoal,n iendxaopldni nthdncaoalnbddnisnoitn ieonienoinsitdnwillns ppietndaoncioste ctiio.

Where dams are in good condition but are not sufficient to reach the optimum head difference,nadditiioalndaosnoaynbdnadddd.

I nandaoagddndaonisn i od,nthdnca sdni ndaoagdnisniddoti iddnwhdednpissibld.nI nthdndaonhasnbddondaoagddnbynanpdesionienangei pni npdipld,nodas edsnaedntardontinoitigatdnthdncio lict aodnthdndaonisnedpaieddnienedlicatddnasnappeipeiatdnacciediogntinthdnpeijdctnS s.

The geographic coordinates of relocated and additional new dams are recorded in the field aodn thdn gdidatabasdn isn pdatdd.n Thdn gdigeaphicn ciiedioatdsn i n oiddeatdlyn ien sdvdedlyndaoagddn daosn thatn aedn oitn edpaieddn ien edlicatddn aedn ddldtddn eion thdn gdidatabasd. The geographic coordinates of dam locations will be stored in paper and electronic format at the WWFnFidldn icdnion alaograeaya.nnUpdatddnio ieoatiioniondaonlicatiionisniop tniotinSIM R n iendachnvdei icatiiondvdot.nn

1.1.6 Monitoring of excluded area of watershed

Monitoring of laodn sdnactivitidsnionthdnExcl dddnAedani nWatdeshdd(s)nwill be accomplished by edg laen pateilsn i n activitidsn ion thdn aedan s eei odiogn Sdbaoga n Natiioaln aern byn thdn aernA thieityn asn ddtailddn ion thdn aernMaoagdodotn lao.n Alln activitidsn s eei odiogn thdn aern aednoioitieddnbyn aernRaogdesnasnpaetni n thdien ei tiodnactivity.n n Thdn eds ltsni npateilliognwillnbdnedciedddn ionSdbaoga nNatiioaln aernoioitieiogn edpiets.nThdnpateilsnwillnverify that land use activities within the Excluded Area of Watdeshdd(s)ndinoitn iocl ddnthdncedatiioni nadditiioalndeaioagdn watdewaysn dd iedstatiio,n laodn sdn ciovdesiio,n ceipn peid ctiio,n ien geaziogn i naoioals.n n Atn dachn oioitieiogn dvdotn Sdbaoga n Natiioaln aern oioitieiogn edpietsn willn bdnprovided as documented evidence demonstrating that current land use activities in the Excl dddnAedani nWatdeshdd(s)noddtnthdsdnedq iedodots.nIf the creation of additional drainage watdewaysndd iedstatiio,nlaodn sdnciovdesiio,nceipnpeid ctiio,niengeaziogni naoioalsnicc enionthe Excluded Ardan i n Watdeshdd(s)n d eiogn thdn peijdctn cedditiogn pdeiid,n the selected odthidiligyno stnbdnedvisddntinbdnapplicabldntinthdnpeijdctnactivity.


65

1.1.7 Monitoring of baseline and project emissions

Water levels are monitored once a month at the end of the month at permanent sampling piiotsn licatddnwithion thdn peijdctn aeda.n Thdn licatiion i n saopliogn piiotsn wasn ddtdeoioddn bynsdldctiognaneaodionlicatiionaliognaccdssibldncaoals.nSaopliognpiiotsnwdednthdondstablishddnatnedg laen iotdevalsn pdepdodic laen tin thdn caoal.n Thdn gdigeaphic locations of ground water level sampling points are show in Figure 13 provided in the supplementary documents to the VCS PD100.

Figure 28 Sampling points for monitoring of ground water levels in the project area

A tioaticn datan liggdesnwilln bdn sddn tinodas ednwatden ldvdls.n Thdn datan liggdesn sdn anwatdenldvdlnsdosientinddtdctnwatdenldvdlsncaonbdnpeigeaooddntinedciednwatdenldvdlsnpdeiidically.nnThdninformation can then be collected from the data loggers at a later timd.nnThe data logger is also important to maintain accuracy in measurement of water levels since the possibility for peat paeticldsn tin blicrn thdn t bdwdllsn pieds exists; in other words accumulation might occur in tubewells pores that potentially decrease the acc eacynldvdlni n ei odnWatdenLdvdlnedadiog.n

100 VCS PD Annex 7 GIS Data: Groundwater Level Sampling Locations


66

Figure 29 Installation of tubewells for monitoring of ground water levels in project area

The location, water table level relative to the peat surface, and date of measurement will be recorded in a geodatabase and stored in electronic format at the WWF Field Office in alaograeaya.n

1.1.8 Monitoring of baseline emissions

SIMGRO will be run at each verification event at a minimum to monitor baseline emissions illiwiogn thdn peicdd edsn ddsceibddn ion thdn sdldctddn odthidiligy.n Thisn tasrn willn bdnaccomplished by a consultancy under the supervision of the Monitoring Officer in the WWF Fidldn icd. The results of SIMGRO modeling will be archived in paper and electronic format at thdnWWFnFidldn icdnion alaograeaya.

1.1.9 Monitoring of project emissions

SIMGRO will be ruonatn dachn vdei icatiiondvdotn atn anoioio ontinoioitienbasdliodndoissiios.nnnThisn tasrn willn bdn accioplishddn byn an cios ltaocyn odden thdn s pdevisiion of the Monitoring Officer in the WWF Fidldn icd. The results of SIMGRO modeling will be archived in paper and dldcteioicn ieoatnatnthdnWWFnFidldn icdnion alaograeaya.


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COMMUNITY SECTION

CM1. Net Community Impacts

CM1.1. Impact on community

Impacts of the project on communities were examined in the 2011 baseline study101.n A questionnaire was used as part of the study to obtain data on the types of natural resources in thdnpeijdctnaedan tilizddnbynthdncioo oitids,n iotdositynaodnsdasioalnpattdeoni nthdn tilizatiionand factorsn thatnoayna dctn thdn yidld.n Io-depth interviews were conducted with several rdyninformants to further explore information on the most important resources in the area for the local communities, the changes in the resources, and factors causing changes.n Fic s group discussions were carried out with the informants to explore possible indicators that may be sddntinoioitienthdniopactsni nthdnpeijdctnioncioo oitids.

The 2011 study shows that fish are thdnoistniopietaotnoat ealnedsi ecdn ienlicalncioo oitids.nAei odn70n ishdeoaon aoilidsn eionKdedognBaogrieainare intensively fishing in thdnaeda.nThere are temporary shelters built by fishermen in 12 clusters along the Sebangau River.n In focus group discussions fishing yield was identified as the potential main indicator to monitor peijdct’sn iopactsn ion cioo oitids.n Io ieoaotsn added jelutung sap as the second indicator, representing an NTFP that can be sustainably harvested in the Sebangau National Paer aeda.

Indicators that can be monitored in a participatory way with the local community are as follows:

a) Number of fish species and abundance: bydeiligicaln edstieatiion ion thdn peijdctn aedanwill result in flooding of lardsn thatnare thdnspawoiogngei odn ienthdn ish.nCioo oity members mainly use the area for fishing, and they will benefit from the recovery of ishdeynedsi ecds.n

b) Sustainability of non-timber forest products, i.d.n the production of jelutung sap: Jelutung sap is a teaditiioaln ciooidityn i n thdn aedan siocdn bd iedn thdn Natiioaln aernddsigoatiio. Monitoring will done on the yield of jelutung sapn eionthdnpeijdctnaeda.n

c) Fire occurance: Less fire will mean ldssn soird.n Thisn willn havd positive impacts the health of the community as well as create safeenbiatiogncioditiiosnionthdneivden(soirdnedd cdsn visibility). Monitoring of fire is supported by hot spot monitoring which is conducted daily bynthdnMioisteyni nFiedstey.

The estimated impact of the “with project” scenario and the “without project” scenario are compared below for fishermen and NTFP collectors (jelutung tappdes)m

Impacts for fishermen:

Without project With project Soalln lardsn that used to be the spawning ground for fish dried out in the dry seasons, resulting in low catch yields

Spawning grounds recover and the dams held water in a longer time which provide an opportunity for the fish to breed, increasing catch yields

101 Mahio.n2011.


68

Fishermen search for proper places to install fish traps

Fishermen easily install fish traps near the dams, as thdn daosn oardn thdn watdenconcentrated into one place

Shorter harvesting time in dry seasons, resulting in low catch yields

Longer harvesting time in dry seasons, increasing catch yields

Impacts for NTFP collectors:

Without project With project Thdncilldctiesnwierniolynionhighnwatdensdason, around 5 months in a year, resulting in low volume of product collected

Thdn cilldctiesnoayn dxtdodn thdien wiern ion dey season up to 3 months, increasing volume of product collected

Shorter harvesting time in dry seasons, resulting in low volume of product collected

Longer harvesting time in dry seasons, increasing volume of product collected

Indicators to be monitored:

a) Number of fish species and abundance: bydeiligicaln edstieatiion ion thdn peijdctn aedanwilln eds ltn ion liidiogni n lardsn thatnare thdnspawoiogngei odn ienthdn ish.nCioo oity members mainly use the area for fishing, and they will benefit from the recovery of fishdeynedsi ecds.n

b) Sustainability of non-tiobden iedstn peid cts,n i.d.n thdn peid ctiion i n jelutung sap: Jelutung sap is a traditional commoditiy i n thdn aedan siocdn bd iedn thdn Natiioaln aernddsigoatiio. Monitoring will done on the yield of jelutung sapn eionthdnpeijdctnaeda.n

c) Fire occurance: Ldssn iedn willn odaon ldssn soird.n n Thisn willn havd positive impacts the health of the community as well as create safeenbiatiogncioditiiosnionthdneivden(soirdnedd cdsn visibility). Monitoring of fire is supported by hot spot monitoring which is conducted dailynbynthdnMioisteyni nFiedstey.

CM1.2. Impact of High Conservation Values

It has been mentioned in section G1.4.8n thatn thdn whildn Sebangau National Paern aodn thdnProject Area is bCVn1.1.nThe rewetting project is an attempt to restore the peat swamp forest ecosystems in the Sebangau Natiioaln aer.n Therefore, if project activities are successful in achieving the objective of rewetting the drained peatland, no negative impact of the project ionbigh Conservation Values are expected.

CM2. Offsite Stakeholder Impacts

CM2.1. Potential offsite impacts

The project may potentially have negative impacts on i sitdn stardhilddesn who are accustomed to using illegal means of fishing, such as using poison and electricity.nThdn illdgalnfishing willn bdn iohibitddn byn thdn stedogthdoiogn i n c stioaeyn laws.n biwdvde,n Governor Rdg latiion Ni.n 13/2009n states that “Citizdosn eion i tsiddn thdn aeda,n dithden an pdeoaodotn ien


69

temporary residency, must learn and respect the customs aodnthdnlicalnDayarnc stioaeynlaw” (Aeticldn39n aeageaphn1).n Thded iednthdnpeacticdnisnaledadynpeihibitddnbynlaw.

CM2.2. Mitigation plan of potential negative impacts

The section above explains that the negative impact that is lirdlyn happdon tin thdn i sitdnstardhilddesnisninhibition of fishing by illegal means of fishing and gemor collection.nnbowever thisnactivitynisnaledadynoitnionciopliaocdnwithndxistiognlaws.

CM2.3. Net stakeholder impacts

Customary laws, regional and national laws will be enforced to support achievement of project ibjdctivds. Illegal practices in the project area will be prevented, and anyones who used to benefit eionthdnactivitidsnwillndxpdeidocdniociodnedd ctiio.nEvdot allynthdynwillnadaptntinthdnnew situation and find other ways i n iociodn gdodeatiio.n Cdotealn Kalioaotaon isn an geiwiognregion,nwhdednodwnb siodssdsnlirdniil palm plantation and coal mining have developed rapidly in the lastnddcadd.nThdnb siodssdsnbeiognodwnippiet oitids,ns chnasnpeividiognteaosportation, iid,nlidgdnaodnithdensdevicdnbasddnvdot eds.

CM3. Community Impact Monitoring

CM3.1. Community monitoring plan

Two indicators, the number of fish species and its abundance, and the yield of jelutung sap will bdn edciedddn byn licaln wierdes (iddallyn licaln ishdeodo)n whin are recruited for monitoring p episds.nThdse wierdesnwill also regularly record gei odnwatdenldvdl.nThdnithdenindicator, fire occurence, will be monitored in a yearly participatory event whichn willn iovilvdn thdn rdynstardhilddesn ion thdnpeijdctn aeda.nClaei icatiioni n thdn edciedddnoioitieiogndatanwilln alsin tardnplace in the participatory oioitieiogn sdssiio.n Participatory fire monitoring will be complemented by hot spot monitoring, which is provided daily by the Ministry of Forestry.nThe conceptual guideline to develop further indicators can be see in Figure 29 bdliw.


70

Figure 30 Community monitoring indicators

Indicators and how to monitor it will be discussed further with users of resources in the project aeda.nA detailed monitoring plan will be developed within 12 months of validation against the standard.

CM3.2. High Conservation Values monitoring plan

Thdncilldctiioni n idldndatanedldvaotn tinbCVn5naodn6n (Social, Economic, and Cultural Aspects)nedlidsn hdavilyn ion iotdevidwsn aodn diedctn ibsdevatiio. Acciediogn tin thdn tiilrit,n bCVn 5n aiosn tinidentify areas serving the important function of sustaining local communities, by helping to oddtnbasicnoddds.n eivisiioni n s chnodddsncaonbdndiedct (d.g.,n aoioalnpeitdionibtaioddn eionlicallyn ca ghtn ish),n ien iodiedct,n thei ghn thdn cioodecialn saldn i n iedstn peid ctsn (ien ithdenoat ealnpeid cts)n iencashn sddntinp echasdniodnienoiednbasicnoddd.nn

Tinodas ednbCVn5n (Natural Areas Critical for Meeting the Basic Needs of Local People),n thdnproject can use related data (Food, Water, Clothing, Materials for building and tools, Firewood, Mddiciods,nFiddden ienlivdsticr)n i odnionthdnedlated reports to define indicators.nB tnbdca sdnof the status of the peijdctnaedanisnNatiioaln aer,nthdneconomic activities of the local people (d.g.n ishiog,ncilldctiognNTF ,ndtc.) inside the area should be based on the agreement between Sebangau Natiioaln aerna thieitynaodncioo oity.


71

BIODIVERSITY SECTION

B1. Net Positive Biodiversity Impacts

B1.1. Biodiversity impacts

Fiedstncivdenoaynbdn sddnasnanpeixyn iendstioatiognthdn sizdni n thdnieaog taonpip latiio102.nFive different habitat types have been distinguished in the project area through aerial observation:

Type B - Pole Forest: Trees can be tall but they appear to have a rather small dbh (diameter at breast height).nThdncaoipynisnipdonwithnoincioodctiionbdtwddontedds.nWatdeliggddnaedasnaedn edq dot.nTeddsnwithnwhitdn teddnte orsnaedn edq dotn (Lauraceae)naodnithden teddsn that can be identified include Myrtaceae, Euphorbiaceae and Theaceae.

Type C - Combination of Combretaceae and Camnospermae – Anacardiaceae: This type bdliogsntinthdn ildnFiedstnb tnteddnciopisitiionisnslightlyndi dedotnthaonTypdnB.

Type D - Degraded Forest: The composition of the forest canopy appears more diverse than in types B and C in terms of crown diversity, structure, sizdnaodncilie.nEmergent trees are evident in atnldastntwintintheddndi dedotnsteata,naodnthdn iedstnisntallde.

Type M - Mixed Forest: Presence of tall emergent trees; the canopy is rather closed to semi-clisdd.n Combretocarpus are common in the tallest stratum while Myrtaceae (especially Syzigium)n aedn ciooion ion thdn oddestiedy.n Caoipyn appdaesn divdesdn (ceiwon shapds,n cilie,ndisteib tiio).n

Type U - Unsuitable: babitatnwithn dwnienointeddncieedspiodiogntinildnb eotnaedasnienswaops.nn

A generalnavdeagdnddosityni n1.70nieaog tao/ro2 (95%nCImn0.62-4.64)nisnfound throughout the survey area, with slightly more orangutans in the mixed swamp forest (MSF) and tall interior forest (TIF) habitatsnoixddntigdthden(Di =n1.85niod./ro2;n95%nCImn0.67-5.08)nthaonion low pole forest (LPF) habitatn(Di =n1.42niod./ro2;n95%nCImn0.52-3.87).nThdngdodealnpattdeoniddoti iddn iennest densities is of course similar to the general pattern identified for orangutan densities:

1. No significant difference in orangutan density between latitudinal classes. 2. bighden ieaog- taon ddosityn ion habitatn (M+D)n thaon (B+C),n b tn thdn di dedocdn isn oitn

significant. 3. Slight increase of orangutan densities along a North/South gradient within the survey

area. 4. Nindi dedocdnbdtwddonthdnSdbaoga naodnthdnKatiogaoncatchodotnaedas.

The "with project" scenario, willn edvdesdn thdn cioditiion ddsceibddn ion Sdctiion 2.5.n Fiest,n thdnproject is trying to create enabling condition in terms of ground water level, so that the desired

102 See Panda A,n ao ograsn B,n Aocedoazn M.n 2010.n The Population Status Of Bornean Orang-Utans (Pongo pygmaeus Wurmbii)n IonSdbaoga nNatiioaln aernCdotealnKalioaotaonIodiodsia.n apden edsdotddnion Iotdeoatiioaln Wiershipn ion eaog taon Ciosdevatiio,n Balin 15-16 July 2010 for estimation of population densities results.


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ground water level l ct atiionivdentiodnisnwithioniddalneaogdn(80- 100nco)nbithniondeynaodnwdtnsdasio.nItnwillnalsinallow create sufficient humidity of the peat soil to encourage the regrowth i nvdgdtatiio.

Natural regeneration, which is also assisted with replanting activities by the project, will restore biodiversity at the project area.nThdnimportant plants in the project area are plants that provide food for wildlife, especially endangered and peitdctddnspdcidsnlird ieaog taos.nIf their food source is increased,nthdnieaog taonpip latiionwillnalsiniocedasd.nIonadditiiontina dcting terrestrial wildlife, ecosystem restoration will have positive effect on ishn habitat.n The population sizd and diversity of fish species is also expected to iocedasd.

Prior to the designation of thdn Natiioaln aer,n Sdbaoga n aedanwas a Production Forest and illdgallynliggddna tdenthdnciocdssiioncaodntinaondodnionthdndodni n1990s.nThdnliggddnivden iedst was alsin b eoddn oaoyn tiodsn ion thdn deyn sdasios.n Ion iedden tin edhabilitatdn thdn iedstn civde,nreplanting programs have been impleodotddn ion thdnNatiioaln aer.n In the project area, 679 hectares replanted during the period of 2005-2012.nThe Forestry Office of Pulang Pisau District contributed 400nhdctaedsnaliognthdncaoalni nSdbaoga nSaoiteanIodah.nThdnedst of the area are cioteib tiion eionMynBabyn Teddn eigeaon eionWWFnaodn sdvdealn ciepieatiiosn (Niria,n CicanCila,nS eyan alacdnJaya,nAvio,nbioinaodnBidynShip)nasnitsnCSR implementation103.nThi ghnitngdtnbdod itn eion edwdttiogn peijdctn (ion tdeosn i n siiln edcivdey),n thdn edplaotiogn peigeaosn aedn a separate project and oitniocl dddnionthdncaebionpeijdct.

B1.2. Impact on High Conservation Values

The area is peatland and a National Paer,nacciediogntinthdn2008nIodiodsianbCVntiilritnpeatland is catdgieizddncldaelynasnbCV 4.1.nOne of the objectives of the restoration activity isntinoardnthe area an appropriate habitat for orangutan aodnithdesniopietaotnspdcids.nnnn

FienbCVn4.3npdatnlaodncatdgieizddnasn“AedasnthatnF octiionasnNat ealnBaeeidesntinthdnSpedadni nFiedstnien ei odnFied”.nAonaedanwithnbiitanienithdenpeipdetidsncapabldni nddtdeeiognthdnspedadni nlaegdnscaldn iedstniengei odn iedsnisnciosiddeddnbCVn4.3.nWetlands can prevent the spread of iedsnaodnaednceiticalnlaodscapdn dat edsnion iednpeiodnaedas.nSeveral natural forest types in good condition have this physical characteristic, as do some non-forest ecosystems such as deforested peat lands with a functionally intact hydrological system, freshwater swamp, other wdtlaodsnaodngeddonbdlts.n

Peatland is alsinodotiioddn ion bCVn 1.1n “Areas that Contain or Provide Biodiversity Support Function to Protection or Conservation Areas”;n bCVn 2.1n “Large Natural Landscapes with Capacity to Maintain Natural Ecological Processes and Dynamics”.nAsnanNatiioaln aer,nthdnaedanis clearly catdgieizddnasnbCVn1.1.nThdnodthidntinoioitie thdniopactnionbCVn is tinteacrn iedstncover, using the bCVn eiocipldsnaodnCeitdeianionthdntiilritntinoioitienthdncioditiio.

103 See agreement titled: Penyulaman Kanal 21: ENYULAMANnTANAMANnAV N,nbIN nDANnTbEnB DYnSb nDInKANALn21nTAMANnNASI NALnSEBAN AU


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B1.3. Species used by the project

Dam construction uses local materials, such as gelam (Melaleuca spp.)nwiid,naodndidnoitn sdnaoynioteid cddnspdcids.

The following species are used for dam construction:

1. Gelam (Melaleuca cajuputi)mnThis species is abundant abundance in the southern part i nSdbaoga nNatiioaln aer,naodndxtdosivdlyn sddnasnoatdeialsn ieneiadnddvdlipodot.

2. Kahoi/belangeran (Shorea belangeran);n Thisn spdcidsn isn vdeyn wdlln roiwon asn a good oatdeialn ienb ildiog.

According to the design, gelam is used for pillaesnien docds.nIonthdnddsigonfor dam with spillway, gelam wood is used as the foundation and basic frame of the dam itsel . Belangeran (Shorea belangeran)nisnattachddnto the fram and forms the wallni nthdndao. In a permanent design, the dam is made entirely of gelam wood.n An walln i n vertical gelam poles is held in place by a hieiziotalngelam pild.

For replanting activities, according to analysis of vegetation on ex-burnt areas by WWF and Bogor Institute of Agriculture (2006 and 2007), there are six potential trees.nAllni nthdnpitdotialntrees are local species, i.d.n jelutung (Dyera lowii),n kahoi (Shorea belangeran),n tutup kabali (Diospyros spp.),ngeronggang (Cratoxylon spp.),ntumih (Combretocarpus rotundatus)naodngelam (Melaleuca cajuputi).

B1.4. Exotic species in the Project Area

The project only uses native species for dam construction and replanting activities, as ddsceibddnionSdctiion1.3.n

B1.5. Genetically Modified Organisms

The project will not use geneticallyn oidi iddn iegaoisos.n Based upon previous studies conducted by WWF, ion ciipdeatiion withn Iodiodsiaon Scidocdn Iostit tdn (2008) and Bogor Institute of Agriculture (2006, 2007 aodn2008) no activities will use external sources in term of sources of seedlings for re iedstatiio.nAs for dam construction materials, as explained above licalnspdcidsnwillnbdn sdd.n

B2. Offsite Biodiversity Impacts

B2.1. Potential offsite biodiversity impacts

Negative impacts of the project on biodiversity outside the project area are olirdlyntinicc e, aodnsin aenhavdnoitnbddoniddoti idd.nThdnpattdeoni nlicalnlivdlihiids,noistni nwhichnedlynion ishnresources, indeed benefit from the positive impact of the project on these resources.n

B2.2. Mitigation plan of offsite biodiversity impacts

Althi ghn olirdly,n aoyn i sitdn biidivdesityn impacts that may occur will be detected through oioitieiognactivitids. Through an adaptive management approach, mitigation measures will be carried out, according to the evolving situatiio.


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B2.3. Evaluation of potential negative offsite biodiversity impacts

Asnodotiioddn ion SdctiionB2.1. so far no potential negative offsite biodiversity impacts were identified.nThdedbynit can not bdndval atddnatnthisnstagd.

B3. Biodiversity Impact Monitoring

B3.1. Biodiversity impacts monitoring

Changes on biodiversity will be monitored through:

1. Population dynamics and vegetation analysis.nnSpdci icnspdcidsntinbdnddtdeoiodd. 2. Permanent transects, initiated by National Paer authority in SSI area (2012).nThdednaedn

three major indicators that have to be considered: Density (number of species/unit aeda), Fedq docyn(o obdeni nspdcids/ oitnaeda/ oitntiod)naodnDioioaocdn(o obdeni nspdcids/ oitn aeda);n ien ithden spdcidsn ddosity,n d.g.n ishdsmn calc latdn catches per unit tiod.nMioitieiognwillnbdncaeeiddni tniocdnanydae.

3. Intermediate Indicator: Food (feeding trees)navailability for orangutan104.

Indicator species also provide a cost and time efficient way to measure the quality of habitat, as well as anodthidn tinodas ednaotheipigdoicndist ebaocds.nThdsdn iodicatienspdcidsn shi ldnedspiodn bithn eapidlyn aodn peddictablyn tin chaogdsn ion habitatn q ality.n Mithsn aedn an pitdotialngroup that may satisfy these conditions, and this project will therefore investigate their potential as indicator species in tropical peat-swaopn iedst.105 There are no specific moths which are solely distributed at the peat swamp forest Sebangau since they are mostly pilyphag s.n Fien dxaopldmn Maxates indescoides, Metallophia cineraceae, Thalassodes sundissepta (Geometridae),nTheretra suffuse (Sphingidae),nSetora cupreistriga (Limacodidae),nMiltochristra aberans (Arctiidae),n Agrotera scisalis (Pyralidae),n Kunugia ferox, Kunugia gynandra (Lymantridae),n Camptopsestis malayana (Drepanidae)n wdedn iund at the peat swamp forest, but they have also been reported to be distributed from the low land to high montana.106

B3.2. High Conservation Values impacts monitoring

Biodiversity related bCVsnthat will be monitored are as follows:

1. bCVn1.1nAedasnthatnContain or Provide Biodiversity Support Function to Protection or Conservation Areas

2. bCVn1.2nCeiticallynEodaogdeddnSpdcids 3. bCVn1.3nAedasn thatnCiotaionbabitatn ienViabldn ip latiiosni nEodaogdedd,nRdsteictddn

Range or Protected Species

104 See Panda A,n ao ograsn B,n Aocedoazn M.n 2010.n The Population Status Of Bornean Orang-Utans (Pongo pygmaeus Wurmbii)n IonSdbaoga nNatiioaln aernCdotealnKalioaotaon Indonesia.n apden edsdotddnion IotdeoatiioalnWiershipn ion eaog taon Ciosdevatiio,n Balin 15-16 July 2010for Tables of Orangutan FiidnSpdcids. 105 Veghel b. 2011.nMithn asn pitdotialn iodicatiesn i n habitatn q alityn ion teipicaln pdat-swaop.n Rdsdaechnaeticlds.nUoivdesityni nAppliddnScidocd’snbdetigdobisch. 106 S teisoinb.n2005.nMithnDivdesitynatnSdbaoga n datnSwaopnaodnB saognRivdenSdciodaeynRaionFiedst,nCdotealnKalioaotao.nbayatinVil.n12n(3).npp.n121-126.


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4. bCVn 2.1n Laegdn Nat ealn Landscapes with Capacity to Maintain Natural Ecological Processes and Dynamics

5. bCVn 2.3n Aedasn thatn Ciotaion Rdpedsdotativdn ip latiiosn i nMist Naturally Occurring Species

Mioitieiogni nthdsdnbCVsnwillnbdniocl dddnionthdnoioitieiognplao.nn

B3.3. Monitoring plan implementation

The monitoring plan will be completed in 2014 and will integrate monitoring for community aodn biidivdesityn iopacts. Peioaeyn stardhilddesn ion thdn peijdctn aeda, including district and provincial government, will be consulted on the design i n thdn oioitieiogn plao. A detailed monitoring plan will be available within 12 months of validation against the standard.

GOLD LEVEL SECTION

GL3. Exceptional Biodiversity Impacts Under the CCB Standards the presence of at least a single individual of an Endangered species iocl dddnionthdnIUCNnRddnListn isns icidotnddoiosteatiioni ndxcdptiioalnbiidivdesitynbdod its.nnAs detailed in previi sn sdctiios,n Sdbaoga n Natiioaln aer has been surveyed107 and the presence of Bornean Orangutans (Pongo pygmaeus)n in the project area has been demonstrated.nThdnBieodaon eaog taonisniocl dddnionthdnIUCNnRddnListni nThedatdoddnSpdcidsnas an Endangered species108 and thus the project meets criteria for Gold Level status under thdnCCBS.

Figure 31 Bornean Orangutan (Pongo pygmaeus) 107 Panda A,n ao ograsnB,nAocedoaznM.n2010.nThe Population Status Of Bornean Orang-Utans (Pongo pygmaeus Wurmbii)n Ion Sdbaoga n Natiioaln aern Cdotealn Kalioaotaon Iodiodsia.n apden edsdotddn ionIotdeoatiioalnWiershipnion eaog taonCiosdevatiio,nBalin15-16 July 2010 108 IUCNn2012.n IUCNnRddListni nThedatdoddnSpdcids.nVdesiion2012.2.nwww.i coeddlist.ieg.nDiwoliadddnion25n ctibden2012.

http://www.iucnredlist.org/


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Supplementary Documents

Supplementary Document

2

Documentation of Free Prior and Informed Consent Process for DA REDD+ in Sebangau National Park

Implementation of free prior and informed consent principle for the demonstration activity of REDD+ in Sebangau NP carried out in stages as follows:

1. Consultation with the Damang Kepala Adat (Customary Chief) of Sub-district Sabangau on 13 September 2011

Ddoiosteatiion activityn i n REDD+n ion Sdbaoga n N n licatddn ion theddn watdeshdds,n d.g.,n RivdenBar og,n Rivden Rasa n aodn Rivden Baogah.n Io ieoatiion ibtaioddn eion Basdln A.n Baograo,n thdnCustomary Chief based on Kereng Baogrieai (the capital of Sub-district Sabaoga ),n thatn thdnthree rivers managed by families from Kereng Baogrieai siocdnD tchn cilioialn dea.nbdiesnwhinnow manage are the fourth descendant of the people who first gained the right to manage the eivdes.n Thdn cdeti icatdn i n oaoagdodotn eightsn pdatddn aod iss ddn byn thdn bdadn i n VillagdnPahandut in 1957-1958.nThdsdnoaoagdodotneightsnassiciatddnwithnthdn tilizatiioni n ishdeidsnresources, but the holder also levy a fee on pantung sap that transported through the river thatnthdynoaoagd.n

Current management rightsnivdenRivdenBar ognddldgatddntinJ oady;nRivdenRasa ntinCar o;naodnthe management of River Bangah split to about ten heads of the family (which among other ddldgatddn tinBaheaonaodnR sliaosyah).nWhdon thdednaednpeibldosn ion thdn idld,nholders of the River Bar ognaodnRivdenRasa nedpietntinDamang in Kereng Baogrieai.nbiwdvde,nholder of River Bangah report to the Damang in Paduran Sebangau (Sub-district Kuala Sebangau, District laogn isa ).nThisnodchaoisonicc esnoat eally,niolynwithnciosiddeatiionthatnRivdenBaogahn isnclisden tin ad eaonSdbaoga ,nwhildnRivdenBar ognaodnRasa nclisden tinKdedognBaogrieai.nBithnDamangs never spdci icallyndd iodn thdienwieriognaedas,nb tndq allynaccdptnanodchaoisonthatnicc esnoat eally.n

2. Coordination with stakeholders in Paduran Sebangau on 16 September 2011

After obtaining information from Damang in Kereng Baogrieai, as described above, and the opinion from Programme Manager of WWF-Indonesia in Central Kalimantan that in sicializatiionshi ldnalsiniovitdnthdnlicalngivdeoodot,nthdonion16nSdptdobden2011nwdnwdotntin ad eaon Sdbaoga n tin oddtn withn stardhilddesn thded.n Me.n Basdln paeticipatddn ion this ciiedioatiio,n tin hdlpn cioo oicatdn thdn iopietaocdn i n sicializatiion ien thdn cioo oity,ndspdciallyniontdeosni nc stioaeynoaoagdodotneights.nIjdonI.n itde,nDamang of Sebangau Kuala, confirms that customs-related issues that occur in the River Bangah resolved in Sebangau K ala.n F ethdeoied,n hdn s ggdstddn tin iovitdn Baheao,n R sliaosyahn aodn Ioa n as the representatives of the family that manages Rivden Baogah.n Iovitatiiosn tin thdn bdadn i n S b-district Sebangau Kuala, and Paduran Sebangau Village Chief and Community Forum of Sdbaoga nK alans boittddnatnthdnsaodntiod.nWhildnthdniovitatiiosntinthdnhilddesni nthdneivdesnaodn ishdeodonwhinstaynionthdnDAnlicatiionddlivdeddnionthdnwaynbacrntin alaogranRaya.n


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3. Socialization of Sebangau DA REDD+ on 20 September 2011

The eventnwasnhdldnatnthdnFidldn icdn ionSdbaoga nSaoitean Iodahn(SSI),nwithnciosiddeatiioni nthe location is more or less in the middle between Kereng Baogrieai and Paduran Sebangau so dasyntinedachnbynthdniovitdds.n aeticipaotsnwhinattdodnasnoaoynasn76npdipld,niutside of WWF sta naodnSdbaoga nN nsta .n ivdeoodotni icialsnionattdodaocdnwdedmnthdnbdadni nS b-district Sdbaoga nK ala,nedpedsdotativdni nthdnbdadni nS b-district Sabangau, Chief of Sector Sebangau Kuala Police Station, Security Officer of Sub-districtn Sdbaoga n K ala,n Actiogn Villagdn bdadn i nPaduran Sebangau, and representative of Kereng Baogrieai Villagdn bdad.nWhildn cioo oitynleaders in attendance were: Damang Kepala Adat of Sub-district Sabangau, Damang Kepala Adat of Sebangau Kuala, Chairman of Sabangau Community Forum, Chairman of Sebangau K alanCioo oitynFie onaodnitsntwinodobdes.nThdnhilddesni nRivdenBar og,nRivdenRasa naodnRiver Bangah present with 62 fishermen from 10 temporary fishermen settlements in the DA REDD+nlicatiion(ddtails,n eionBar ogm 4 people; Rasau: 7 people; Timba: 3 people; Karanen: 5 pdipld;nMaogrirmn9npdipld;nSalawatimn6npdipld;n ldsmn7npdipld;n ar yahnpdipldmn5;nBaogahmn13npdipld;n Bal hmn 3n pdipld).n Thdn iolyn hdadn i n thdn aoilyn whin sdttlddn ion Baoddean Rivden isn oitnpedsdot.n

Socializatiionciod ctddniontwinsdssiiosmn(i)nSdssiionInwithnthdnhilddesnRivdenBar og,nRivdenRasa naodnRivdenBaogah,n(ii)nSdssiionIInwithnthdn ishdeodo.n eiieitizddntinoddtnwithnthdnhilddes,nasnitnedq iedsn thdien appeivaln tin edgistden thdn activitidsn i n thdn blicriogn of the canals into REDD+ schdod.n Whildn oddtiogn withn ishdeodo,n ithden thaon tin oiti yn thdn REDD+n schdod,n alsin tindxpliedn thdn bdod itsn caoalsn blicriogn ien thdon aodn hiwn tin oaiotaion thdn dcioioicn aodndciligicalnbdod its.n

4. Results

Results from a series of activities mentioned above are:

•n Thdn hilddesn i n thdn eivdes,n oaodlyn J oadyn asn thdn hilddesn ion thdn Rivden Bar og,n Car on thdnholders of River Rasau, and Bahran representing the holders of River Bangah, agreed that the caoalsnblicriognedgistdeddntinREDD+nschdod.nWhen necessary they are willing to sign a consent statdodot.n

•nBdca sdni nthdntheddnwatdeshddsnwasnlicatddnionthdnDisteictni n laogn isa ,nthdnbdadni nS b-disteictn Sdbaoga n K alan callddn ien thdn ishdeodon tin edgistden asn thdn edsiddotni n laogn isa .nCurrently almost all the fishermen in these locations have ID cards issued from Kereng Baogrieai Villagdn( odden alaogranRayanM oicipalitynadoioisteatiionaeda).n

•nThdnbdadni nS b-district Sebangau Kuala also supports the compensation scheme to be given in the form of public assistance to develop the socio-economic of communities in the DA REDD+n licatiios.n bdn gavdn thdn dxaopld,n thatn thdn aidn caon iocl ddn ishiogn gdae,n oariogn beje (teaditiioaln ishnpiods),ndtc.n

•nChid ni n Sdctien Sdbaoga nK alan ilicdn Statiion statddn thatn thdn caoalsnblicriogn ion Sdbaoga nedgiionhasnhdlpddnedd cdnthdnodgativdnactivitids,n iocl diogn iednaodn liggiog.nEldcteic tiognthdn


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fish, which lately is often the case and formally an illegal activity, still beyond the reach of the pilicdn d dn tin thdn lacrn i n edsi ecds.n Thded iedn hdn s ggdstddn thatn thdn peibldosn asn aen asnpissibldnbdnedsilvddnatnthdncioo oitynldvdl.n

•nDamang Kepala Adat of Sub-district Sabangau convey that conservation efforts in fact are aligoddnwithncioo oitynli dnhded.nCiosdevatiionisnabi t protection of natural resources, while thdn livdsn i n siodn pdipldn stilln edlidsn ion thdn tilizatiio/oaoagdodotn i n oat ealn edsi ecds.n Ionadditiio,n thdednaednsteiogntidsnbdtwddonthdnDayarncioo oitidsnwithnthdns eei odiogn iedst.nbdn s ggdstddn thatn thdn aedan that could be explored and what can be done in it need to be claei idd.n

•nChaieoaoni nSabaoga nCioo oitynFie onciovdynthat,n i nciopdosatiioni nREDD+nschdodsnci ldnbdnedalizdd,nthdynwillntardnthdneildntinivdesddnthdnciopdosatiiontinbdneightnionitsntaegdts.nFurthermore, he suggested that communication continues to be built between Sebangau NP management, WWF, and elements of local government that conservation activities can be liorddnwithnlicalnddvdlipodotnd iets.n

•nbaviognbddonacc stioddntinbdniovilvddnionthdnb ildiognthdndaosnionthdncaoals,nthdn ishdeodonddoaodddn thatn thdynaedn alsin iovilvddn ionithden activitids.n Thdynwdedndisappiiotddnwhdon thdnreplanting project, facilitated by other institution carried out by conteactiesnwhinbeiognwierdesn eioni tsidd.n

•nClioatdnchaogdnisn dltnbynthdn ishdeodonionSdbaoga nasnthdnchaogdni nsdasios,nwhdednisnoinliogdenpeddictabld.nUs allyn ishdeodonpedpaedndi dedotntypdsni n ishiogndq ipodotn ienthdndeynsdasionaodneaioynsdasio.nNiw thdynoinliogdenroiwnwhatntinpedpaed,naodnj stn illiwnthdn liwnof short-tdeonsdasioalnchaogds.n

•nRdgaediognthdnbdod itsni ncaoalsnblicriog,nthdn ishdeodonsaidnthatmn

Lardsnthatnwdedniocdndeiddnd dntinthdnb ildiogni nthdncaoals,noiwned liidddnwithnwater andnbdciodnbedddiognsitdsn ienthdn ish.nFeionthdsdnsyoptios,n ishnpip latiiosnshi ldnoieoallyniocedasd.nbiwdvde,nbdca sdnthdn ishdeodonwhincatchn ishnalsiniocedasddn(pissiblynci plddnwithn ishdeodonaodnaogldesn eioni tsiddni nthdnaeda),nthdonthe local fisherodonj stndinoitn ddlnthdniocedasdnion ishncatchds.n

Ionthdndeynsdasion ishdsnstillncaonbdn i odnbdhiodnthdndaos.nBd iednthdncaoalsnblicrddnfishes run to other location, while the canals dried within the first month in the dry sdasio.n

Fiednisno chnedd cdd. Even some fishermen convey that fire accidents reduced to 50% whdonciopaeddnwithnthdnpdeiidnbd iedncaoalsnblicrddn p.n

Thdednisnstillnans pplyni nwatdenionthdndeynsdasiontindxtiog ishnthdn ied.n Bdca sdnthdednisnstillnwatdenionthdnblicrddncaoals,nionthdndry season jelutung sap can

stillnbdnteaospietddni tni nthdn iedstnaeda.n

•nTinrddpn thdnaedan eion iedsnaodnalsin tinivdeciodn thdndldcteic tiioni n ish,n thdn ishdeodonagreed to re-dstablishnc stioaeyne ldsn ieodelynapplicabld.nDamang Kepala Adat said that the c stioaeyn e ldsn caon bdn pdatddn tin cipdnwithn odwnpeibldos.n Fien dxaopld,n thdedn isn dxistiogn


5

customary rule that forbid anyone to use the tuba (oat ealnpiisio)ntincatchn ish.nDd ioitiioni nthe word "tuba" can be extended to the use of chemical poison and electeic tiio.n

5. Follow-up Notes

Some notes for follow up:

•nDamang Kepala Adat of Sub-district Sabangau will begin collecting customary rules that exist, aodn thdon ciopildn thdon ion an biirn ieo.n Thdedn aedn s ggdstiiosn eion thdn ishdeodon thatn thdncustomary ruldsn thatn havdn bddon edciedddn asn an biirn alsin s boittddn tin thdn alaogran RayanM oicipalitynaodn laogn isa nDisteictn ivdeoodot,n tinbdndisteib tddntin thdncitizdosnwhinaednciocdeoddnwithnthdn tilizatiioni noat ealnedsi ecdsnionSdbaoga nedgiio.n

•n odniodicatieni nthdncaoalsnblicriognbdod itsn iensicidty,nasnwdnass od,nisnthdniocedasdni n ishnpip latiios.n Thdn pissibilityn i n thdn ishn pip latiion geiwthn isn oitn pdecdivddn atn thdn ldvdln i niodivid aln ishdeodo,nbdca sdnthdno obdeni n ishdeodonalsiniocedasdd.nWdnshi ldnthiornabi tnithdenodas eabldniodicatiesnienpeixyniodicatiesntinddoiosteatdnthdnbdod itsntinthdnsicidty.n

•n Fishdeodon edpietddn daosn thatn isn daoagddn aodn ldariog.n Siodn ishdeodon peipisddn thdniopeivdodotni nitsncioste ctiio.nCioste ctiioni nodwndaosnshi ldniovilve local fishermen in thdnplao,n pntinthdnoioitieiognaodndval atiio.nTh s,nthdieniwodeshipni nthdndaosnaednsteiogdenb ilt,naodnthdynwillnjiiolynoaiotaionitnbdca sdn dltnthdnbdod itsn ienthdiendcioioids.n

•nFishdeodonalsinpeipisddntinaddndaosntinthdnsdgodots of a long canal, and also at the mouth i n soalln eivden lirdn Rivden Baogah.n Ion thdn casdn i n Rivden Baogah,n asn tin aviidn an widdn daoncioste ctiio,n ishdeodonpeipisddnanoaeeiwnlicatiionbdliwnanoat ealnlard.


MEMORANDUM OF EVENT109

onthisnday,nT dsdaynSdptdobdenthdntwdotynydaen twinthi saodnaodndldvdo,n ion thdnSicializatiioni nClioatdnChaogdnMitigatiionionSdbaoga nNatiioaln aernhdldnionSaoiteanSdbaoga nIodah,nwdm

1. J oadynA.nUs p,nasnedpedsdotativdni nthdnhilddeni nthdnRightntinFishiognionthdnRivdenBar og; 2. Car o,nasnedpedsdotativdni nthdnhilddeni nthdnRightntinFishiognionthdnRivdenRasa ;naod 3. Bahran and Rusliansyah, as representatives of the holder of the Right to Fishing on the River

Bangah;

state with the fact that:

1. Wdniohdeitnthdsdneightsnion eiongdodeatiiontingdodeatiio. 2. Wdndinoitnoiodni ncaoalnblicriognionthdneivdesnodotiioddnabivdnaednedgistdeddnasnaond ietn

tinedd cdni ngeddohi sdngasndoissiion(REDD+).

Mdaowhild,ntinrddpnthdnaedanfrom adverse actions, we agreed to implement customary laws based on guidance from the Damang Kepala Adat (Customary Chief)nionthdienedspdctivdnaedas.

Acciediogly,nthdnMio tdsnwasnoaddnionq ade plicatdn(4)ntinbdn sddnasnappeipeiatd.

Sanitra Sebangau Indah, 20 September 2011

Rdpedsdotativdni nthdnRightsnbildden ionRivdenBar og

JUMADYnA.nUSU

Rdpedsdotativdni nthdnRightsnbildden on River Rasau

CAKUN

Rdpedsdotativdni nthdnRightsnbildden on River Bangah

BAbRAN

RUSLIANSYAb

Done in the presence of,

Villagdnbdadni nKdedognBaogrieai

NURDIN

Villagdnbdadni n ad eaonSdbaoga

AFNER GUNTUR

Chaieoaoni nKdedognBaogrieai Village Community Institution

M.nDIMBE

Chairman of Paduran Sebangau Village Consultative Body

ANDIANSYAb

Sabangau Customary Chief

BASELnA.nBAN KAN

Sebangau Kuala Customary Chief

IJENnI.n ITER

bdadni nSabaoga nS b-district

NURANInMAbMUDIN

bdadni nSdbaoga nK alanS b-district

b.nM.nISTANI 109 Teaoslatiion eionthdnieigioalndic odotnionBahasanIodiodsia. Please refer to supporting document provided sdpaeatdlyntinthdna ditiemnAgeddodotn eionRivdenbilddes.pd


MEMORANDUM OF UNDERSTANDING110

DEMONSTRATION ACTIVITY REDUCTION EMISSIONS FROM DEFORESTATION AND FOREST DEGRADATION

INnRIVERnBAKUN ,nRIVERnRASAUnANDnRIVERnBAN Ab

SEBANGAU NATIONAL PARK, CENTRAL KALIMANTAN PROVINCE

BETWEEN

WWF - INDONESIA CENTRAL KALIMANTAN

AND

RI bTSnb LDERn FnRIVERnBAKUN

AND

RI bTS b LDERn FnRIVERnRASAU

AND

RI bTSnb LDERn FnRIVERnBAN Ab

AND

KERENG BANGKIRAI VILLAGE COMMUNITY INSTITUTION

AND

PADURAN SEBANGAU VILLAGE CONSULTATIVE BODY

AND

VILLAGE GOVERNMENT OF KERENG BANGKIRAI

AND

VILLAGE GOVERNMENT OF PADURAN SEBANGAU

AND

COMMUNITY FORUM OF SABANGAU

AND

COMMUNITY FORUM OF SEBANGAU KUALA

AND

CUST MARYnCbIEF OF SABANGAU

AND

CUST MARYnCbIEF OF SEBANGAU KUALA

110 Teaoslatiion eionthdnieigioalndic odotnionBahasanIodiodsia. Please refer to supporting document provided seperatey to the auditor: MoU Among Primary Stardhilddesni nSdbaoga nDAnREDD.pd


On this day, on Monday April the second Year Two Thousand Twelve, each of the undersigned:

1.nDIDIEKnSURJANT ,nSicii-Economic Development Coordinator WWF-Indonesia, based in Central Kalioaotao,n alaogranRaya,nionthisncasdnactiogn ienaodnionbdhal ni nWWF-Indonesia Central Kalioaotao,nhdedioa tdencallddnthdnFIRSTn ARTY.

2.nJUMADYnA.nUSU ,nA thieizatiion ienthdnbdiesni nRightsnbilddenionRivdenBar og,nbasddnionKdedognBaogrieai,nionthisnoattdenactiogn ienaodnionbdhal ni nthdneightsnhilddesnionRivdenBar og,nhdedioa tdencallddnthdnSEC NDn ARTY.

3.nCAKUN,nA thieizatiion ienthdnbdiesni nRightsnbilddenionRivdenRasa ,nbasddnionKdedognBaogrieai, in this matter acting for and on behalf of the rights holders on River Rasau, hereinafter called the TbIRDn ARTY.

4.nBAbRANnaodnRUSLIANSYAb,nA thieizatiion ienthdnbdiesni nRightsnbilddenionRivdenBaogah,nbasddnionKdedognBaogrieai,nionthisnoattdenactiognfor and on behalf of the rights holders on River Bangah, hdedioa tdencallddnthdnF URTbn ARTY.

5.nM.nDIMBEE,nChaieoaoni nKdedognBaogrieainVillagdnCioo oitynIostit tiio,nbasddnionKdedognBaogrieai,nionthisnoattdenactiogn ienaodnionbdhal ni nthdnedsiddotsni nKdedognBaogrieainVillagd,nhdedioa tdencallddnthdnFIFTbn ARTY.

6.nYUNITA,nMdobdeni n ad eaonSdbaoga nVillagdnCios ltativdnBidy,nbasddnion ad eaonSdbaoga ,nionthis matter acting for and on behalf of residents of the Paduran Sebangau Village, hereinafter called thdnSIXTbn ARTY.

7.nNURDIN,nS.Sis,nVillagdnbdadni nKdedognBaogrieai,nbasddnionthdncityni n alaogranRaya,nionthisnoattdenactiogn ienaodnionbdhal ni nthdnKdedognBaogrieainVillagd,nhdedioa tdened deeddntinasnthdnSEVENTbn ARTY.

8.nRUDYnbAMID,nVillagdnbdadni Sebangau Paduran, based in Paduran Sebangau, in this matter actiogn ienaodnionbdhal ni nthdn ad eaonSdbaoga nVillagd,nhdedioa tdened deeddntinasnthdnEI bTbn ARTY.

9.nSABRANnb.nM.nUSIN,nSb,nChaieoaoni nthdnSabaoga nCioo oitynFie o,nbasddnionKdedognBaogrieai, in this matter acting for and on behalf of the Sabangau Community Forum, hereinafter referred to as thdnNINTbn ARTY.

10.nIDARWAN,nSE,nChaieoaoni nSdbaoga nK alanCioo oitynFie o,nbasddnionSdbaoga n deoai,nionthis matter acting for and on behalf of the Sebangau Kuala Community Forum, hereinafter referred tinasnthdnTENTbn ARTY.

11.nBASELnA.nBAN KAN,nCustomary Chief i nSabaoga ,nbasddnionKdedognBaogrieai,nionthisnoattdenacting for and on behalf of Kedamangan (C stioaeynAedani )nSabaoga ,nhdedioa tdened deedd to as thdnELEVENTbn ARTY.


12.nIJENnI.n ITER,nCustomary Chief of Sebangau Kuala, based in Paduran Mulya, in this matter acting for and on behalf of Kedamangan Sebangau Kuala, hereinafter re deeddntinasnthdnTWELFTbn ARTY.

In this agreement FIRST PARTY, SECONDn ARTY,nTbIRDn ARTY,nF URTbn ARTY,nFIFTbn ARTY,nSIXTbn ARTY,nSEVENTbn ARTY,nEI bTbn ARTY,nNINTbn ARTY,nTENTbn ARTY,nELEVENTbn ARTY,naodnTWELFTbn ARTYnhdedioa tdened deeddntinasnTbEn ARTIESnageddntinciipdeatd,niocl diogm

Demonstration Activity of Reduction Emissions from Deforestation and Forest Degradation

Rationale:

Sdbaoga nNatiioaln aerniocl diognlaegdnaedanionsizd,ncivdesnaonaedanoiednienldssn568,700nhdctaeds.nLocated between two big rivers, River Sebangau and River Katingan, with many tributaries andnlardsn pntinthdncdotdeni nthdn aer.n episdni nthdndoactodotni nthdnSdbaoga nNatiioaln aernisntinsavdnthdnpdatnswaopn iedstndcisystdonaodnitsnbiidivdesitynaodnoat ealn oiq dodssn ienthdnsardni niopeiviognthe quality of human life and the generations to ciod.

Sdbaoga naedanddsigoatddnasnanNatiioaln aern eionwhichnwasniocdnan eid ctiionFiedst.nTeacdsni ntiobdenpeid ctiionsddon eionthdnoaoyncaoalsnb iltntintardni tnthdntiobdenhaevdstddn eionthdn iedst.nThdncaoalsnshiwontinca sdneapidndeyiogni npdatnswaopnionthdndeynsdasio.nAsnaneds ltnthdnpdatnbecome flammable, no longer able to absorb water, and reduced its ability as the habitat of protected flora and fauna, including the loss of fisheries resources for the benefit of surrounding cioo oitids.

In order to maintain ecosystem functions Sebangau TN area can run optimally, it needs restoration d iets,ndspdciallynedgaediognthdnwatdensystdonionthdnedgiio.nRdstieatiioni npdatnswaopn iedstndcisystdo,nionanwayni noariogndaosntinclisdnthdncaoalnhasnbddons ccdss llynperformed in the teib taeyni nRivdenBar og,nRivdenRasa ,naodnRivdenBaogahnsiocdn2004.

Ion2008,na tdenddvdlipiognaon oddestaodiogni nclioatdnchaogd,nitnisnroiwonthatnthdnd ietntinrddpnthdnpdatnionwdtncioditiionwithnthdnchaoodlnblicriognalsinedd cdnthdnedldasdni ngeddohi sdngasds.nThdonthrough the scheme Reducing Emissions from Deforestation and Forest Degradation, restoration d ietsnaednlirdlyntinibtaion iedstncaebionceddits.

FiedstncaebionschdodnddvdlipddnionSdbaoga nNatiioaln aerncaonbdncatdgieizddnasnandemonstration activitynbdca sdnitmn(i)nciod ctsnthdntdstiognaodnddvdlipodotni ntdchoiligidsntinedd cdncaebiondoissiiosn eionpdatlaodsmn(ii)npde ieonthdntdstiognaodnddvdlipodotni nodas edodotnodthidsnionpdatncaebiondoissiios,n(iii)npilitnbdod it-sharing schdodnbdtwddonthdnNatiioaln aernA thieitynwithnthdns eei odiogncioo oitids,nwhichnteaditiioallyn sdnoat ealnedsi ecdsnionplacd.n edsiddotialnRdg latiionNi.n61ni n2011nionthdnNatiioalnActiion laon ien eddohi sdn asnEoissiiosnDdcedasdnsdtsnrestoration in the Paernasnddoiosteatiionactivitynionthdnpdatlaodnciosdevatiionaeda.

REDD+nodchaoisonhasnoitnbddonsdtnciopldtdly,nbithnoatiioallynaodniotdeoatiioally.nbiwdvde,nbasddnionthdneds ltni nthdnSicializatiioni nClioatdnChaogdnMitigatiionionSdbaoga nNatiioaln aernhdld in, whichnwasnhdldnatnSaoiteanSdbaoga nIodahn(SSI)nFidldnCaopnionSdptdobden20,n2011,nTbEn ARTIESnoardnthdn illiwiognageddodotm


1. Rightsnhilddesni nRivdenBar og,nRivdenRasa naodnRivdenBaogahnappeivddnthatnthdncaoalnblicriognionthdnedgiionlistddnionREDD+nschdod.

2. WWF-Iodiodsiantin acilitatdnthdnpedpaeatiionaodnedgisteatiioni nREDD+nactivitidsndic odots. 3. The progress of REDD+ pilot activities registration, either success or failure, will always be

communicated by WWF-IodiodsiantinTbEn ARTIESnwhinsigoddnthisnMdmorandum of Uoddestaodiog.n

4. If the REDD+ pilot activities succeeded in obtaining compensation for carbon credits, the disteib tiionaodnitsn tilizatiionwillnbdndisc ssddn ethdenbynTbEn ARTIESnwhinsigoddnthisnMdoieaod oni nUoddestaodiog.n

5. In order to get beod itnionans staioabldnoaoode,nTbEn ARTIESnionthdienedspdctivdncapacitynwillnrddpnthdnactivitidsnthatnci ldnthwaetnd ietsntinedd cdngeddohi sdngasnedldasdn(d.g.,n ieds,nilldgalnliggiog,nwildli dnpiachiog,n ishiognwithnpiision/ndldcteicity,ndtc.)ndidsnoitnoccur in the edgiionionq dstiio.

6. This agreement shall come into force from the date of this Memorandum of Understanding was signed, and if irregularities are found and there are things that have not been set, this MiUnwillnbdnedvidwdd.

Accordingly, an agredodotnwasnoaddnasnan ieoni ndogagdodotni nTbEn ARTIESnaodnbdciodnaned dedocdnionthdniopldodotatiioni nedlatddnactivitids.

To the agreement:

FIRST PARTY,

DIDIEK SURJANTO

SECOND PARTY,

JUMADY A. USUP

TbIRDn ARTY,

CAKUN

F URTbn ARTY,

BAHRAN DAN RUSLIANSYAH

FIFTbn ARTY,

M. DIMBEE

SIXTbn ARTY,

YUNITA

SEVENTbn ARTY,

NURDIN, S.Sos

EI bTn ARTY,

RUDY HAMID

NINTbn ARTY,

SABRAN H.M. USIN, SH

TENTbn ARTY,

IDARWAN, SE

ELEVENTbn ARTY,

BASEL A. BANGKAN

TWELFTbn ARTY,

IJEN I. PITER


Documentation of Communication Mechanism for DA REDD+ in Sebangau National Park

REDDn isnanciopldxnpeijdct,n iovilviognstardhilddesnatndi dedotn ldvdls.nCioo oitynwhin livdn ionaodns eei odiognthdnpeijdctnaedanshi ldnbdndogagddnaodnattaionio ieoatiionabi tnthdnpeijdct.nThdyn aedn thdn iestn whin dxpdeidocdn thdn iopactsn i n thdn odwn riodn oaoagdodnt of land and edsi ecdsn sd,nwhichn ioncdetaionddgeddnbeiogsn lioitatiioni naccdss.n dipldn ionthdnpeijdctnaedanwould also taring roles ienrddpiognthdnaeda, aodnbdaenthdneisrni nthdnpeijdctn aildd.nAond dctivdnmechanism of communication between project proponent and the relevant communities shi ldn bdn peipdelyn dstablishdd,n asn tin s ppietn thdn s ccdssn i n thdn peijdct.n Cioo oicatiionmechanism would also promoting mutually constructive relationship, while providing an d dctivdnwayntinaddedssncioo oitynciocdeos.

The main goal of the establishment of a communication mechanism are as follows:

• Provide an effective means to convey information about the project to the relevant stardhilddes.

• eividdnancldaenaccdssn ienthdncioo oityntindxpedssiognthdienciocdeos. • Provide clear and definite procedures for handling complaints. • Provide and effective procedures to resolve disputes and problems occured in the

pedpaeatiionaodniopldodotatiioni nthdnpeijdct.

Design of communication channeling and dispute resolution consulted with thdn bdadn i nSdbaoga nNatiioaln aernaodnDamang Kepala Adat (Customary Chief).nCioo oicatiionbdtwddonthdn peijdctn aodn cioo oityn aeeaogddn illiwiogn thdnNatiioaln aernoaoagdodotn ste ct ed.n Atnthe site and village level communication handled by the Resort ManagemdotnUoits.nThdednaedntwinedsietsnionthdnpeijdctnaeda,n i.d.,nRivdenMaogrirnRdsietnaodnRivdenBaogahnRdsiet.nThdntwinedsietsnwilln s ppietddn byn ithden edsietsnwhichn licatddn atn odaebyn villagds,n i.d.,n iodn atn KdedognBaogrieainaodnthdnithdenatn ad eaonSdbaoga .nIoquiries and complaints from community also acciooidatddnbynRdsietnMaoagdodotnUoits.nThdedby,nNatiioaln aernsta nassigoddnatn thdsdnedsietsnshi ldnhildn pdatdsni nthdnpeijdctnddvdlipodot.

Siodtiodsnpdipldndinoitnhavdndoi ghncio iddocdntinasrnq dstiiosnien edport directly to the givdeododotn i icdes.n Ion thdn casdn thdyn caon beiogn pn thdien ciocdeosn thei ghn thdn VillagdnRepresentative Biaednien thei ghnthdnVillagdnbdad.nMdobdesni n thdnBiaedndldctddndvdeyn ivdnyears, and have a role to represent the community in formal sit atiios.n ThdnBiaedsndxistn atnKdedognBaogrieainaodn ad eaonSdbaoga nVillagd.

At the higher level, there are two Section Management Units which coordinate and supervise sta n ion thdn Rdsietn Uoits,n i.d.,n alaogran Rayan Sdctiion aodn laogn isa n Sdctiio.n Sdction MaoagdodotnUoitsnhaodldncioo oicatiionaodncioplaiotsnatns bdisteictnldvdl.nThdncioo oity,nat this level, may represent by Community Forums or by Camat (S bdisteictnbdad).nMdobdesnof the forum also elected every five years and represent the community in a broader sit atiios.nThdnFie osndstablishddn ion sixn s bdisteictnaei odnSdbaoga nNatiioaln aern ion2006.nRole of the Forums is to represent community concerns on the management of the National


aer.nThdnFie osn istdeddntinbdnd dctivdnpaetodenionthdnNatiioaln aernMaoagdodotnthei ghnio ieoalnchaoodls.

COMMUNITY

RESORTOFFICER MANTIRS

DAMANGSECTIONOFFICER

VILLAGE BOARDREPRESENTATIVE

COMMUNITYFORUM

VILLAGEHEAD

SUBDISTRICTHEAD

HEAD OFNATIONAL PARK

STATECOURT: Information Flow

: Dispute Resolution

Chart of Communication and Dispute Resolution

Problems are often resolved more easily, cheaply, and efficiently when they are dealt with daelyn aodn lically.n Aoyn cioplaiotsn aodn disp tes firstly will be resolved at the lowest level of ciiedioatiio,n i.d.natn thdnRdsietnMaoagdodotnUoits.nAoyndisp tdnwhichnodddn j dgdodotsnaodniovilviogn licaln c stiosnwi ldn bdn haodlddn byn c stioaeyn dlddes.n Thdedn aednMantirs at village level who will help to rdsilvdndisp tdsnatnvillagdnldvdl. Mantirs coordinate the matters with the RdsietnMaoagdodotnUoit.nI nthdnoattdes need higher level of authority, it will raise up to the Damangs,nwhin stayn atn Sabaoga n aodn Sdbaoga nK alan S bdisteict.n Ion thdn casd,n thdnDamangs ciiedioatdnwithnSdctiionMaoagdodotnUoit.

I n iolyn thdn oattdesn caooitn bdn sdttlddn atn thdn abivdn piiots,n itn willn beiogn pn tin thdn bdadn i nNatiioaln aernMaoagdodotnUoit.nThdn icialnwilln iodnthdnbdstnsil tiios,naodn i n itnstillncaooitnresolved at the National PaernMaoagdodotnUoitnthdndisp tdnwillnbdnbei ghtntinthdnstatdnci et.

Cioo oityn li dn isn vdeyn dyoaoic,n asn wdlln asn thdn caebion peijdct.n An ldxibldn odchaoison i ncommunication and resolution should be placed to anticipate any change occured in the field, and also atnpilicynldvdl.nEval atiionionthdnodchaoisonperformed at the end of each fiscal year, iovilviogn Natiioaln aern Maoagdodotn Uoit,n edpedsdotativdsn i n thdn cioo oity,n Customary Chiefs, as well as representatives of the government at village and subdistrict ldvdl.n icialsnatnhighdenldvdlnaodnacaddoianci ldnbdncios ltddntingdtnanbeiaddenvidws.nAdj stodotnwillnbdnoaddnbasddnionthdndval atiio.