Revolution and NationalismChapter 14

Revolutions in RussiaChapter 14 Section 1

Czars Resist Change Czar Alexander III and

absolute authority Czars Continue

Autocratic Rule Censorship and secret

police Oppression of racial and

religious minorities specifically who? (pogroms?)

Czar Nicholas II succeeds AIII and continues the autocratic rule

Russia Industrializes Russia rapidly industrializes

through growth in the _________ industry and the development of railroads

The Revolutionary Movement Grows Russian citizens’ response to

industrialization? (Does this sound familiar?)

Marxist ideas of an overthrow by the proletariat became popular

Mensheviks vs. Bolsheviks How is Lenin able to gain

control of the Bolsheviks? What happens to him?

Crises at Home and Abroad

3 major events that paved the way for revolution in Russia: The Russo Japanese War

February 1904 Russia breaks treaties with the Japanese, losses to the Japanese increase unrest

Bloody Sunday: The Revolution of 1905 January 1905 Russians petition the _______ at his winter palace

in ____________ for what? As a result, the Duma is created…and dissolved after 10 weeks

WWI: The Final Blow WWI exposes Russia’s weaknesses Rasputin (in exchange for “healing” the czar’s son is able to

make key political decisions in the czar’s absence Desertion, food, fuel all became issues

Portrait of the 8 year old Alexei Rasputin

The March Revolution 200,000 workers strike in

Petrograd, soldiers shot down rioters then?

The Czar Steps Down In 1917 Nicholas II abdicates

and a year later his entire family is _________

The Duma establishes what in place of the czar?

Soviets are formed locally in an attempt to gain power and make reforms

The Bolshevik Revolution

Lenin’s “Peace, Land, and Bread” slogan sweeps through Russia’s major soviets

The Provisional Government Topples Lenin and the Bolshevik Red Army arrest the provisional

government and take over gov’t offices Bolsheviks in Power

Distribution of farmland, control of factories, Treaty of Brest-Litovsk

Russia citizens’ response? Civil War Rages in Russia

What kinds of groups made up the White Army? Purpose? 14 million Russians die, Red Army crushes the opposition

More like the French or American Revolution?

Lenin Restores Order What did war and revolution do to

the Russia economy? New Economic Policy

The NEP under Lenin allows for _________ control of major industry and __________ ownership of small businesses

In just 7 years Lenin has Russia back to pre-war production

Political Reforms In response to nationalism, Lenin

organizes Russia into the Union of Soviet Socialist Republics

Bolsheviks become the Communist Party with Lenin as dictator (of the party and not the people, so he said)

Stalin Becomes Dictator After Lenin’s stroke in 1922,

Leon Trotsky (leader of the Red Army) and Joseph Stalin compete for leadership of the Communist Party

Stalin worked hard to get his people into position of power within the Communist Party

Gained total power by 1928, Trotsky forced into exile in 1929

14.1 Daily Questions1. What was gained by the Russian czar’s censorship and

strict policies?2. Why did entering WWI prove devastating for Czar

Nicholas?

Honors Only

3. How did Lenin’s Communist Party stray from Marx’s original concept of communism?

TotalitarianismCase Study: Stalinist Russia

Chapter 14 Section 2

A Gov’t of Total Control Totalitarianism-a gov’t that takes

total, centralized, state control over every aspect of public and private life (mass communication)

Challenge to Western ideals like what?

Terror, indoctrination, propaganda, censorship, persecution

Police Terror Terror and violence Police exist to enforce the ________’s

policies as opposed to what? Use of spies, intimidation, brutal

force

A Gov’t of Total Control Indoctrination

Instruction in the gov’t’s beliefs (control of education/youth)

Propaganda and Censorship Biased or incomplete information Control of mass media What happened if you went against

gov’t provided information?

Religious or Ethnic Persecution Take the blame, become enemies of

the state Terror/violence Rules and living situations

Stalin Builds a Totalitarian State

Police State Citizens become vigilantes Arrest and execution of millions of

Russians Great Purge-campaign directed at

eliminating anyone who threatened his power

What happened to Bolsheviks under Stalin?

Russian Propaganda and Censorship Against creativity, must conform to

state views How did the media portray Stalin? Use of propaganda to influence

behavior

Stalin Builds a Totalitarian State

Education and Indoctrination Nursery schools university What happened to those who

questionsed the CP? Sacrifice and hard work

Religious Persecution Atheists spread anti-religious

propaganda What happened to churches

and religious leaders? Could a perfect communist

state truly be created?

Stalin Seizes Control of the Economy

Creation of a command economy where the ______ made all of the economic decisions

An Industrial Revolution Five-Year Plans-quotas and goals

for output…how would this effect the production of consumer goods? Overall results?

An Agricultural Revolution Collective farms created by

combining privately owned farms in the USSR, purpose?

How did peasants attempt to sabotage gov’t efforts?

Daily Life Under Stalin How did the lives of

Soviet citizens change under Stalin?

Women Gain Rights After the Revolution

women were seen as equal in the USSR

Forced to join the labor force

Chosen professions? Expectations at home?

Total Control Achieved How long does it take Stalin to transform society? Rule by terror instead of a constitutional government

14.2 Daily Questions1. Why did Stalin limit the production of consumer goods?

2. What was so revolutionary about education under Stalin?

Honors Only

3. What is ironic about Stalin putting the Bolsheviks on trial for crimes against the state?

Imperial China CollapsesChapter 14 Section 3

Nationalists Overthrow Qing Dynasty

Why was China considered “ripe for revolution” in the 1900s? (Hint: modern vs. traditional)

Kuimintang push for modernization, led by Sun Yixian they _________ the Qing dynasty

Shaky Start for the New Republic 3 goals:

An end to foreign control Democracy Economic security

Military rule takes hold of China, betraying the democratic ideals that started it

Nationalists Overthrow Qing Dynasty

WWI Spells More Problems China enters the war on the

side of the __________ hoping for what?

The May Fourth Movement across China shows devotion to change and strong opposition the Treaty of Versailles

Democracy vs. communism Why would Chinese citizens

abandon democracy in favor of Lenin’s brand of Communism?

The Communist Party in China

What was the difference between Marx and Mao’s vision of a communist revolution?

Lenin Befriends China Nationalists and Communists in China unite (for a short time),

why? Lenin sends ________ and ________ to aid the revolutionary cause

Peasants Align with the Communists The new leader of the Nationalists Jiang Jieshi is weary of the

Communists, why? When the peasants did not feel as if Jiang and the nationalists were

helping them, they began supporting the ______ Nationalists and Communists Clash

After uniting to defeat the warlords in China, Jiang turns against the Communists

Jiang established the Nationalist Republic of China, recognized by who (and more notably not who?)

Civil War Rages in China Nationalists and Communists engage

in civil war, Mao recruits the _______ for his Red Army

The Long March Jiang’s army forces 100,000

communist troops on what would be called the Long March

Mao and the rest of the survivors settle in northern China

Civil War Suspended Civil war rages, Japan takes

advantage and by 1938 hold a large portion of China

The Nationalists and the Communists sign an “uneasy truce” to defeat the Japanese

14.3 Daily Questions1. Why did Mao believe that peasants would make true

revolutionaries?2. Did Jiang and Mao eventually solve their differences?

Why or why not?

Honors Only

3. What were the weaknesses of the new republic in China?

Nationalism in India and Southwest Asia

Chapter 14 Section 4

Indian Nationalism Grows

Congress Party (Hindus) and the Muslim League work together for Indian independence, why?

WWI Increases Nationalist Activity Indians fight for Britain during WWI

in exchange for what? Was this promise fulfilled?

Rowlatt Acts allowed the English gov’t to _________ protestors for up to ______ years

Amritsar Massacre An alliance of Hindus and Muslims

in reaction to the Acts worries the British

Amritsar Massacre changes loyal subjects to nationalists

http://www.guardian.co.uk/politics/2013/feb/20/david-cameron-pay-respects-amritsar-

massacre

Gandhi's Tactics of Nonviolence

Gandhi’s approach to political activity?

Noncooperation Gandhi supports civil

disobedience (refusal and nonviolence) as a reaction to the Amritsar Massacre

Attempts to weaken the political and _______ control over India

Boycotts Refusal to buy goods, attend

schools, pay taxes, vote in elections

Gandhi successfully leads a boycott of British __________

Gandhi's Tactics of Nonviolence

Strikes and Demonstrations Civil disobedience

significantly effects the British economically

Was Gandhi able to eliminate all violence?

The Salt March Purpose for walking 240

miles to the ocean? The march against salt

processing results in the brutal beating of demonstrators

gains international support for Gandhi

Britain Grants Limited Self-Rule

By 1935 India is allowed to self-govern with limited democratic elections

Not full independence until 1947

Muslims vs. Hindus in the fight for control of India

Nationalism in SW Asia Turkey Becomes a Republic

Break up of the Ottoman Empire after WWI

Mustafa Kemal defends the Turks against Greek conquest and the ___________ overthrow the sultan

1923 Turkey becomes a republic, Kemal’s reforms?

Persia Becomes Iran British try and take over Persia after

WWI, nationalists revolt under Reza Shah Pahlavi

Pahlavi modernizes, keeps the power, and renames the country Iran in 1935

Nationalism in SW Asia Saudi Arabia Keeps Islamic

Traditions Saudi Arabia is united in 1932

under the Saud family Arab and Islamic traditions are

kept Religious traditions, no

democracy

Oil Drives Development 1920s and 1930s Europeans and

Americans become interested in _______ deposits in SW Asia

2/3rds of the world’s oil supply was found near the Persian Gulf

Economic changes and development because of the potential for huge profits

14.4 Daily Questions1. Why was civil disobedience a popular solution for

Indians?2. In what ways was civil disobedience a more

successful method than violence?

Honors Only

3. The Amritsar Massacre is similar to what event in Russian history that also sparked a revolution?