REVIEW #9

Conflict

World War I

Causes WWI Effects

Europe1914-1919

•Militarism (Industrial Rev.)•Alliances•Imperialism•Nationalism

•Assassination of archduke Ferdinand in the Balkan powder keg

•Germany blamed Treaty of Versailles Depression Hitler/WWII

•New countries in Eastern Europe

•League of Nations created but very weak

•Mandates created in Middle East

•Nationalist movements

World War II

Causes WWII Effects

World1939-1945

•Fascism in Germany/ Italy

•Hitler breaks Treaty of Versailles appeasement allows him to continue

•Asia—Japan imperialistic– needs natural resources Rape of Nanjing in China

•Creation of United Nations•Nuremberg Trials holds individuals responsible•Creation of Israel•Cold War Germany and Korea divided•Japan democracy•Partition of India between Hindu and Muslim•Indian and African independence movements

The Cold War

Causes Cold War Effects•World War II ended European supremacy•Dropping of A-bomb of Hiroshima and Nagasaki•Competing ideologies (communism vs. capitalism/democracy

•Cuban Missile Crisis•Korean War•Vietnam War•Space Race•Arms Race (Nuclear Proliferation)•Iron Curtain divided Europe into Western democracy and Soviet influenced E. Europe•*Soviet Union collapses with Gorbachev’s glasnost and perestroika

Human Rights Violations

Ukraine South Africa Rwanda•Stalin implements Five Year Plan and collective farms •Kulaks (wealthy, industrialized farmers) in Ukraine protest •Forced famine •The state sets high quotas a takes food grown

•Imperialism = white control of South Africa•Apartheid in South Africa (separation of the races) blacks can’t vote, public facilities separated•Nelson Mandela, Desmond Tutu use civil disobedience to end it

•Berlin Conference (1884) causes ethnic conflict •Hutu extremists attack Tutsi minorities •1 million dead in 100 days •UN involvement•Mass migration from Rwanda

Human Rights Violations

Cambodia Myanmar Sudan•American forces leave Vietnam •Communist rebels in the Khmer Rouge under Pol Pot come to power •Slaughtered over one million Cambodians to rid Cambodia of Western influence•Fighting continued until the 1990s

•Repressive military takes over when British leave •Struggles with poverty and ethnic tensions•Aung San Suu Kyi has led a democratic movement against military rule

•Arab Muslims (janjaweed) attacking Black Muslims in Darfur (South Sudan) • Refugee crisis as people flee Darfur•Sudan rich in oil = no U.N. intervention

Modern Crisis in the Middle East

Secular vs. Traditional

Palestine/ Israel

The 21st Century

•Islamic Fundamentalism (struggle between Western/ Technology ideas and traditional Islam•Examples: Iranian Revolution with rise of Ayatollah Khomeini•Taliban in Afghanistan

•Anti-semitism throughout world •Created Israel in 1947 as homeland to Jews •Desire for homeland = Jewish and Arab nationalism •Extremists preventing peace process

•9/11 attacks led to increase US presence in Middle East (Iraq and Afghanistan)•Led to women’s rights but more anti-West sentiments