results based accountability basics a half day presentation standard training slides sponsored by...
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Results Based Accountability BasicsA Half Day PresentationStandard Training Slides Sponsored by the Ministry of Social Development
The Fiscal Policy Studies InstituteSanta Fe, New Mexico
Websites
raguide.orgresultsaccountability.com
Book - DVD Orderssheapita.co.nzamazon.comresultsleadership.org
Results Based Accountability
Results Based Accountabilityis made up of two parts:
Performance Accountabilityabout the wellbeing of
CLIENT GROUPS/CUSTOMERS
For Teams - Providers – Programmes - Agencies – Service Systems
E.g. Clients of Services, Collectives, Ministries or the Health System
Population Accountabilityabout the wellbeing of
WHOLE POPULATIONS
For Communities – Cities – Districts – Countries
E.g. All Rangatahi/Youth in Te Tai Tokerau, All Migrants in Nelson
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The Language TrapToo many terms. Too few definitions. Too little discipline
Benchmark
Target
Indicator Goal
Result
Objective
Outcome
Measure
Modifiers Measurable Core Urgent Qualitative Priority Programmatic Targeted Performance Incremental Strategic Systemic
Lewis Carroll Center for Language DisordersMeasurable urgent systemic indicatorsCore qualitative strategic objectivesYour made up jargon here
Definitions• RESULT / OUTCOME– A condition of wellbeing for children, adults, families or communities
All Tamariki in Hamilton are Born Healthy, Safe Roads, Nurturing Whānau/Families, A Prosperous Economy
• INDICATOR / BENCHMARK– A measure which helps quantify the achievement of a result.
Rate of low-birth weight babies, Rate of road crashes, Rate of child abuse and neglect, Unemployment rate
• PERFORMANCE MEASURE– A measure of whether a programme, agency or service system is
working. Three types1. How much did we do?2. How well did we do it?3. Is anyone better off? = Client Results / Outcomes
Popu
latio
nPe
rfor
man
ce
Translation Guide/Rosetta StoneNot the Language Police
Ideas
1. A condition of well-being for children, adults, families & communities
2.
3.
etc.
Group 1 Group 2 Group 3 etc.
RESULT OUTCOME GOAL
TRANSLATION
Back to the Idea
From Ends to Means
ENDS
MEANS
RESULT / OUTCOME
INDICATOR / BENCHMARK
PERFORMANCEMEASURE
Client /Customer result = EndsService delivery = Means
From Talk to Action
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Popu
latio
nPe
rfor
man
ce
1. A Safe Community
2. Percentage of Total Recorded Offences
3. Average Police response time
4. An Educated Workforce
5. Installing street lights to make people feel safe
6. People have living wage jobs and income
7. % of people with living wage jobs and income
8. % of participants in job training programme who get living wage jobs
Result, Indicator, Strategy or Performance Measure?
Result
Indicator
Perf Measure
Result
Strategy
Result
Indicator
Perf Measure
Key RBA concepts• 2 key types of accountability and language discipline:
– Population accountability - results / outcomes and indicators
– Performance accountability - performance measures
• 3 types of performance measures:– How much did we do? – How well did we do it? – Is anyone better off?
• 7 questions from ends to means:– baselines and turning the curve – to make life better for our
families / whānau, children / tamariki, and communities.
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Population AccountabilityFor whole populations in a geographic area
Mark Friedman (author)www.resultsaccountability.comwww.raguide.org
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The 7 Population Accountability Questions1. What are the quality of life conditions we want for the children, adults and
families who live in our community? (Population & Results)2. What would these conditions look like if we could see them? (Experience)3. How can we measure these conditions? (Population Indicators)4. How are we doing on the most important of these measures? (Baseline Data
and Story)5. Who are the partners that have a role to play in doing better? (Partners)6. What works to do better including no- cost and low-cost ideas? (What
works)7. What do we propose to do? (Action Plan)
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Christchurch City Community Outcomes
• A safe city • A city of inclusive and diverse communities• A city of people who value and protect the natural
environment• A well governed city • A prosperous city • A healthy city • A city of recreation, fun and creativity • A city of lifelong learning • A city that is attractive and well designed
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Kotahitanga Whānau Ora Collective
• All whaanau in Te Puuaha ki Manuka(Greater South Auckland) are ...– Mana Ora: Healthy and safe;– Mana Motuhake: Economically secure;– Mana Tangata: Culturally confident;– Mana Rangatiratanga: Knowledgeable and skilled;– Mana Whānau: Connected, engaged and
entrepreneurs
Acknowledgement: Kotahitanga Collective Members: Turuki Healthcare Trust, Papakura Marae, Huakina Development Trust and Te Kaha O Te Rangatahi Trust, South Auckland, New Zealand.
positive statements - positive focus
Implementing RBA Aranui Result areas and indicators
A community full of knowledge and learning Indicator:% of students with NCEA level 1 @year 11% primary school students performing at national
average for literacy and numeracy
A community that is spiritually and socially strongIndicator:% of police callouts for family violence
Result Area 1:
Result Area 2:
A great physical environmentIndicator:
Expenditure on repairs and maintenance to city property in the Aranui Burwood Pegasus area
% of $ R & M that is due to damage
Result Area 3:
Result Area 4:
People who know and fit in AranuiIndicator:
% of people who offer to participate in local events
A community that is healthyIndicator:
% of Aranui residents presenting at Accident and Emergency with no trauma needs/ concerns
# of total acute inpatient admissions
Result Area 5:
Results for Children, Families and CommunitiesA Working List of Population Results
Healthy Births Healthy Children and Adults Children Ready for School Children Succeeding in School Young People Staying Out of Trouble Stable Families Families with Adequate Income Safe and Supportive Communities
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Georgia Policy Council for Children and Families
RESULTS Healthy children
Children ready for school
Children succeeding in school
Strong families
Self-sufficient families
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Tip for Drafting Population Accountability Results
All ______ in ______ are __________
Insert your Population
Insert your Geographic area
Insert your Condition of Wellbeing
Families Tauranga Economically Secure
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Examples of Means not Ends
1. COLLABORATION
2. SYSTEMS REFORM
3. SERVICE INTEGRATION
4. DEVOLUTION
5. FUNDING POOLS
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Leaking Roof(Results thinking in everyday life)
Experience:
Measure:
Story behind the baseline (causes):
Partners:
What Works:
Action Plan:
Inches of Water
? Fixed
Not OK
Turning the Curve
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Action Plan: #2
3 criteria for choosing Indicators
Communication Power
Proxy Power
Data Power
Does the indicator communicate to a broad range of audiences?
Does the indicator say something of central importance about the result?
Does the indicator bring along the data HERD?
Quality data available on a timely basis.
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Choosing IndicatorsWorksheetOutcome or Result_______________________
Candidate IndicatorsCommunication
PowerProxyPower
DataPower
H M L
H
Measure 1
Measure 2
Measure 3
Measure 4
Measure 5
Measure 6
Measure 7
Measure 8
HData
Development
Agenda
Safe Community
H M L H M L
H H
H L
Three Part Indicator List for each Result
Part 1: Primary Indicators
Part 2: Secondary Indicators
Part 3: Data Development Agenda
• 3 to 5 “Headline” Indicators• What this result “means” to the community• Meets the Public Square Test
• Everything else that’s any good (Nothing is wasted.)
• Used later in the Story behind the Curve
• New data• Data in need of repair (quality, timeliness etc.)
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What do we mean by a baseline?
Baselines have two parts: history and forecast
H
M
L
History Forecast
Turning the CurvePoint to Point
OK?
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New Zealand
KruidenbuurtTilburg, Netherlands
Portsmouth, UK
Country
Neighbourhood
City
Indicator Reports
Key RBA concepts• 2 key types of accountability:
– Population – results / outcomes and indictors– Performance – performance measures
• 3 types of performance measures:– How Much Did We Do?– How Well Did We Do It?– Is Anyone Better Off?
• 7 questions from ends to means – baselines and turning the curve – to make life better for our
families / whānau, children / tamariki, and communities.
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All ______ in ______ are __________
Insert your Population
Insert your Geographic area
Insert your Condition of Wellbeing
How would you experience this outcome? What would be different?
How would you measure success? What Indicator would you use?
Tip for Drafting Population Accountability Results
Performance AccountabilityFor clients of programmes, agencies, teams and service systems
Mark Friedman (author)www.resultsaccountability.comwww.raguide.org
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Results Based Accountabilityis made up of two parts:
Performance Accountabilityabout the wellbeing of
CLIENT GROUPS/CUSTOMERS
For Teams - Providers – Programmes - Agencies – Service Systems
E.g. Clients of Services, Collectives, Ministries or the Health System
Population Accountabilityabout the wellbeing of
WHOLE POPULATIONS
For Communities – Cities – Districts – Countries
E.g. All Rangatahi/Youth in Te Tai Tokerau, All Migrants in Nelson
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The 7 Performance Accountability Questions1. Who are our clients? (Client Group/Customers)2. How can we measure if our clients are better off? (Client/Customer
Result / Outcome)3. How can we measure if we are delivering services well? (Quality
Measures)4. How are we doing on the most important of these measures? (Baseline
Data and Story)5. Who are the partners that have a role to play in doing better? (Partners)6. What works to do better including no-cost and low cost ideas? (Common
sense ideas & research where available)1. What do we propose to do? (Action Plan)
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“All performance measures
that have ever existed
for any programme
in the history of the universe
involve answering two sets of
interlocking questions.”
How much service did we deliver?
How welldid we
deliver it?
How much change / effect
did we produce?
What quality of change / effect
did we produce?
Quantity Quality
Effe
ct
Effo
rt
O
utpu
t
In
put
Performance Measures
How much did we do? How well did we do it?
Is anyone better off?
# of young people (clients) receiving job training / mentoring
services
% clients who complete the job training /
mentoring programme
# of clients who move off a working age benefit and into
employment (at 6 months and at 12
months)
% of clients who move off a working age benefit and into
employment (at 6 months and at 12
months)
Social Services Example
E
ffect
Ef
fort
Quantity Quality
How much did we do?
Education example
How well did we do it?
Is anyone better off?
Number ofstudents
Student-teacherratio
Number ofgraduates
Percent ofgraduates
Quantity Quality
E
ffect
Ef
fort
How much did we do?
Drug/Alcohol Treatment ProgrammeHow well did we do it?
Is anyone better off?
Number ofpersonstreated
Percent ofstaff withtraining/
certification
Number of clientsoff of alcohol & drugs - at exit - 12 months after exit
Percent of clientsoff of alcohol & drugs - at exit - 12 months after exit
Quantity Quality
E
ffect
Ef
fort
How much did we do? How well did we do it?
Is anyone better off?
Quantity Quality
Number ofstudents
Student-teacherratio
Number of secondary school
students whograduate on timeand enter Uni or
employment after graduation
Percent of secondary school
students whograduate on timeand enter Uni or
employment after graduation
Education example # 2
E
ffect
Ef
fort
How much did we do?
Primary Care Practice
How well did we do it?
Number ofchildren aged 0-2 enrolled
Percent ofchildren who did
not attend
Quantity
#children
aged 8 monthsimmunised
(in the practice)
%children
aged 8 monthsimmunised
(in the practice)
Effe
ct
Effo
rtQuality
Is anyone better off?
How much did we do?
Not all performance measures are created equal
How well did we do it?
Is anyone better off?
LeastImportant
Quantity Quality
MostImportant
Least
Most
AlsoVery Important
Effe
ct
Effo
rt
How much did we do?
The matter of control
How well did we do it?
Is anyone better off?
Quantity Quality
LeastControl
PARTNERSHIPS
MostControl
Effe
ct
Effo
rt
Separating the Wheat from the ChaffTypes of performance measures found in each quadrant
How much did we do? How well did we do it?
Is anyone better off?
# Clients/customers served
# Activities (by type of activity)
% Common measurese.g. client staff ratio, workload ratio, staffturnover rate, staff morale, % staff fully trained, % clients seen in their own language,worker safety, unit cost
% Skills / Knowledge (e.g. parenting skills)
#
% Attitude / Opinion (e.g. toward drugs)
#
% Behavior (e.g. School attendance)
#
% Circumstance (e.g. working, in stable housing)
#
% Activity-specific measures
e.g. % timely, % clients completing activity, % correct and complete, % meeting standard
Point in Time vs. Point to Point
Improvement
The matter of use
1. The first purpose of performance measurement is to improve performance.
2. Avoid the performance measurement equals punishment trap.
● Create a healthy organisational environment
● Start small
● Build bottom-up and top-down simultaneously
Key RBA concepts• 2 key types of accountability and language discipline:
– Population accountability - results / outcomes and indicators
– Performance accountability - performance measures
• 3 types of performance measures:– How much did we do? – How well did we do it? – Is anyone better off?
• 7 questions from ends to means:– baselines and turning the curve – to make life better for our
families / whānau, children / tamariki, and communities.
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How much did we do?
Performance Measures for my …(insert the name of your Programme or Service here)
How well did we do it?
Is anyone better off?
# Clients/customers served
% client satisfaction with xxx
% Skills / Knowledge (e.g. parenting skills)
# /
% Attitude / Opinion (e.g. toward drugs)
# /
% Behavior (e.g. School attendance)
# /
% Circumstance (e.g. working, in stable housing)
# /
Choose one
What would you put in here?
Who are your clients?
Contributionrelationship
Alignmentof measures
Appropriateresponsibility
THE LINKAGE Between POPULATION and PERFORMANCE
POPULATION ACCOUNTABILITY
Result: Healthy Safe Young People Youth crime rates
CLIENT
RESULTS/OUTCOMES
# young people on programme
% meeting weekly with
mentor
# reoffending % reoffending
PERFORMANCE ACCOUNTABILITY
POPULATION
RESULT
Mentoring Programme for Young Offenders
Every timeyou make a
presentation,
use atwo-partapproach
Result: to which you contribute to most directly.
Indicators:
Story:
Partners:
What would it take?:
Your Role: as part of a larger strategy.
Population Accountability
Programme:Performance measures:
Story:
Partners:
Action plan to get better:
Performance Accountability
Your Role
Result: to which you contribute to most directly.
Indicators:
Story:
Partners:
What would it take?:
Your Role: within the larger strategy.
Population Accountability
Programme:Performance measures:
Story:
Partners:
Action plan to get better:
Performance Accountability
Your Role
Every timeyou make a
presentation,
use atwo-partapproach
Different kinds of progress1. Data
a. Population indicators:
Reporting on curves turned: % increase or decrease of the graphed data (e.g. the baseline).
b. Performance measures: Client group progress and improved service delivery:
How much did we do?How well did we do it?Is anyone better off? E.g. Skills/Knowledge, Attitude/Opinion, Behaviour Change,
Circumstance Change
2. Accomplishments Other positive activities accomplished, not included above.
3. Stories Real stories that sit behind the statistics that show how individuals are better off e.g. case studies, vignettes, social media clips.
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What’s next?A Basic Action Plan for Results Based Accountability
TRACK 1: POPULATION ACCOUNTABILITY
• Establish results• Establish indicators, baselines and charts on the wall• Create a result card• Set tables (action groups) to turn curves
TRACK 2: PERFORMANCE ACCOUNTABILITY• Performance measures, and charts on the wall for
programmes, agencies and service systems
• Use 7 Questions manager by manager, and programme by programme, in management, budgeting and strategic planning