Research ethicsBy: Ghulam YaseenGovt: Boys Degree College, Badin (Sindh)

A representator of Sindh, at RCS training Workshop, Islamabad

Responsible Conduct of Science

Sindh culture and Tradition

Research Ethics

Ethics – the discipline concerned with what is morally good and bad, right and wrong in Life

What is Ethics?

Ethics is a way of understanding and examining what is “right” and what is “wrong”

We are concerned with Biological Sciences!

Bioethics is a way of understanding and examining what is “right” and what is “wrong” in biological Science research and practice.

If there is no ethics in research then what will be effect? It will results in misconduct of science!!!!!!!!!

Misconduct may results in Fabrication Falsification Plagiarism

Scientific Misconduct?????Scientific misconduct is fabrication, falsification, or plagiarism in proposing, performing, or reviewing research, or in reporting research results.(Federal Register, October, 1999)Besides this, Misconduct ultimately harm society---------

6

6

Seven Areas of Scientific Dishonesty1. Plagiarism2. Fabrication and falsification3. Non-publication of data4. Faulty data-gathering procedures5. Poor data storage and retention6. Misleading authorship7. Sneaky publication practices

7

7

Case Study Late in the afternoon, Ali finally had a chance to

Google for information on “Biomass as alternate source of Renewable Energy" for his Research assignment for next morning. Though he was tiredbut wonders when he noticed the same article appearing on the first two websites was almost identical word-for-word. Both websites were for research publication by two different Researcher at two different academic institutions located in different states. Curious, he emailed the authors of both papers concerning her observation and printed out a copy of both pages to bring with his to Lab: the next morning.

9

This was ethical??Any falsification???Fabrication????Plagiarism????What are your views about his action?

Ethical

Basic Principles of Research Ethics

Respect for Persons

Beneficence/Non-Maleficence

Justice/Non-Exploitation

Respect for PersonsAutonomy Says that each individual: Is unique and free; Has the right and capacity to decide; Has value and dignity; and Has the right to informed consent.

Protection for vulnerable persons Special protections must be in place for those whose

decision–making capacity is impaired or diminished, whether due to physical or social factors

Beneficence/Non-Maleficence

Protection of the study participants is the most important responsibility of the researcher

Researchers must: Protect the physical, mental and social well-being of each

research participant; Minimizes physical and social risks; Maximize the possible benefits; and Retain the community perspective.

Justice/Non-Exploitation

The principle that calls for fairness in the conduct of research is the principle of justice/non-exploitation

Case Study-2 Raja knew he was smart and handsome. His classmates

always turned to him for help on assignments and healways knew the answers to the questions his teachersasked in M.Phil class. Raja just didn't study for tests sohis grades were often mediocre. At completion of M.phildegree, He desperately wanted to work at the famousResearch Institute. Raja felt that if he got a job there as asummer intern, it would really boost his chances ofgetting admitted to the graduate engineering program ofhis choice but he knew the institute hired very fewresearcher who had excellent academic records. So, Rajdecided to "tweak" his resume. He rounded his GPA upfrom 4.0 to a more respectable 4.5. Raja reasoned thatthese changes really didn't matter because he would showperformance during job duties.

Does this was ethical??????????

Right or Wrong Ethical Factors No Pressure

Do not pressurize participants.

SafetySafety of participants essential.

CreditEvery researcher must receive precise, appropriate credit.

CommunicateOne should try to make results known to participants.

Ill Usage of ResearchOne should be conscious of possible bad uses of research.

In general terms, “research ethics” is simply good citizenship applied to professional life.

Four basic tenants of Research Ethics HONESTY — conveying information truthfully and honoring

commitments, ACCURACY — reporting findings precisely and taking care to

avoid errors, EFFICIENCY — using resources wisely and avoiding waste, OBJECTIVITY — letting the facts speak for themselves and

avoiding improper bias.

To be a Ethical Researcher-----• Be Honest• Be Fair• Do no harm• Know and Follow the Rules• Bad rules should be changed, not broken• Be a good citizen• When in doubt, ask questions• Listen to the still small voice of your conscience,

especially when it’s being overwhelmed by the cacophony of stress

• If you suspect unethical behavior, proceed cautiously

Our ResponsibilitiesIn order to function effectively and make appropriate ethical decisions, faculty and administrative staff need to develop the skills to:

1. identify when situations present ethical conflicts,2. reason among possible courses of action, and3. effectively implement their best solution to the problem.

We all function in an environment governed by regulations and policies, which we must abide by within a core of ethical principles.

We Hope so!!!!!!!!!!!!We will

THANK YOU