resolve workshop details 2016 - concordia university · pdf filedavinci’resolve’11...

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DaVinci Resolve 11 (Page numbers without a name reference in this document refer to the Resolve 11 manual, found in the Applications/ DaVinci Resolve folder) This workshop covers some basic features of Resolve. It really just scratches the surface of this very detailed application. Resolve is primarily a color grading (correction) software, but it is also a useful basic video editor and can accept all RAW video formats. At the CDA we use Resolve for the following tasks: color grading a sequence sent from Premiere and then either exporting this graded sequence as one Pro Res or DPX file, or as a series of Pro Res files for relinking in Premiere transcoding RAW video into an offline video format (typically Pro Res) for editing in Premiere – online RAW video is then linked again in Resolve for color grading There are two versions of Resolve: Resolve Lite: the free version. This does not include noise reduction tools and has a timeline resolution cap of 3840 x 2160. Resolve Lite is installed in all the CDA edit rooms. Resolve (Full version). This has noise reduction tools and no resolution cap on the timeline. It’s expensive but it is packaged with Black Magic Cinema Cameras (but not the Pocket camera). The CDA has one copy of the full version in edit room zero. You may go back and forth between the two versions as long as you comply with these restrictions (you can’t open a 4K timeline with noise reduction in the Lite version for example). Resolve works on almost any computer, but the performance may vary according to your source media. Resolve 11 System Requirements: Mac OS X 10.8.5 or later (or Windows) 12 GB RAM recommended, 8 GB minimum Other Requirements: A calibrated screen A second monitor really helps (for your video scopes)

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DaVinci  Resolve  11  

(Page  numbers  without  a  name  reference  in  this  document  refer  to  the  Resolve  11  manual,  found  in  the  Applications/  DaVinci  Resolve  folder)  

This  workshop  covers  some  basic  features  of  Resolve.  It  really  just  scratches  the  surface  of  this  very  detailed  application.  

Resolve  is  primarily  a  color  grading  (correction)  software,  but  it  is  also  a  useful  basic  video  editor  and  can  accept  all  RAW  video  formats.  

At  the  CDA  we  use  Resolve  for  the  following  tasks:  

-­‐‑color  grading  a  sequence  sent  from  Premiere  and  then  either  exporting  this  graded  sequence  as  one  Pro  Res  or  DPX  file,  or  as  a  series  of  Pro  Res  files  for  relinking  in  Premiere  

-­‐‑transcoding  RAW  video  into  an  offline  video  format  (typically  Pro  Res)  for  editing  in  Premiere  –  online  RAW  video  is  then  linked  again  in  Resolve  for  color  grading  

 

There  are  two  versions  of  Resolve:  

Resolve  Lite:  the  free  version.  This  does  not  include  noise  reduction  tools  and  has  a  timeline  resolution  cap  of  3840  x  2160.  Resolve  Lite  is  installed  in  all  the  CDA  edit  rooms.  

Resolve  (Full  version).  This  has  noise  reduction  tools  and  no  resolution  cap  on  the  timeline.  It’s  expensive  but  it  is  packaged  with  Black  Magic  Cinema  Cameras  (but  not  the  Pocket  camera).  The  CDA  has  one  copy  of  the  full  version  in  edit  room  zero.  

You  may  go  back  and  forth  between  the  two  versions  as  long  as  you  comply  with  these  restrictions  (you  can’t  open  a  4K  timeline  with  noise  reduction  in  the  Lite  version  for  example).  

Resolve  works  on  almost  any  computer,  but  the  performance  may  vary  according  to  your  source  media.  

Resolve  11  System  Requirements:    

Mac  OS  X  10.8.5  or  later  (or  Windows)  

12  GB  RAM  recommended,  8  GB  minimum  

Other  Requirements:  

A  calibrated  screen    

A  second  monitor  really  helps  (for  your  video  scopes)  

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A  good  graphics  card  

 

Expanded  Systems:  

Open  FX  Plug-­‐‑ins  are  available  (for  example:  film  grain  effects)  

A  second  video  card  dedicated  for  rendering  and  effects  processing:  Resolve  works  with  CUDA  (NVIDIA  cards)  and  Open  CL  (AMD  cards)  

A  Black  Magic  Design  video  card  or  thunderbolt  device  with  HD  SDI  or  HDMI  output  to  a  color  correction  monitor  

A  color  correction  monitor  

A  control  surface  

Read  the  system  requirements  carefully  for  expanded  systems.  

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

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Part  One:  Transferring  an  Edit  from  Premiere  to  Resolve  We  can  edit  in  Resolve  but  typically  the  editing  happens  in  another  software,  such  as,  Premiere.  

XML  export  from  Premiere  

You  can  export  a  sequence  from  Premiere  to  a  timeline  in  Resolve  using  XML  export.  

Other  project  file  exchange  types  are  also  compatible  with  Resolve:  Avid  AAF  files  or  generic  EDL  files.  

Sending  a  Sequence  from  Premiere  to  Resolve  using  xml:  

-­‐‑if  your  Premiere  sequence  is  set  to  the  NTSC  frame  rates  of  23.976  fps  or  29.97  fps  then  the  sequence  time  code  should  correspond  to  your  source  media:  if  the  source  is  drop  frame  time  code  then  the  sequence  should  also  use  drop  frame  time  code  (you  can  change  this  in  the  Sequence  Settings  in  Premiere  after  the  sequence  is  created)  

 –in  drop  frame  time  code,  the  00  and  01  frame  are  dropped  every  minute  except  for  every  10th  minute  

-­‐‑duplicate  the  sequence  and  clearly  name  it  as  the  sequence  to  be  corrected  –  when  you  import  the  xml  file  into  Resolve  you  will  be  asked  to  choose  the  sequence  to  import  –  so  it  helps  to  clearly  identify  it  

-­‐‑delete  blank  video  tracks  and  audio  tracks    

-­‐‑VERY  IMPORTANT:  remove  color  correction  effects  on  all  clips  otherwise  Resolve  will  translate  this  as  an  effect  

-­‐‑keep  the  video  on  video  track  one,  unless  compositing  layers  

-­‐‑move  generated  media  (Premiere  bars,  black,  countdown  leaders  and  text  generated  in  Premiere)  and  unsupported  media  (AE  Linked  Comps)  to  an  upper  track  and  turn  OFF  the  track  

 

About  Effects  

-­‐‑generally  you  want  to  send  the  media  to  Resolve  without  effects  (but  there  might  be  some  exceptions)  

-­‐‑there  is  a  list  of  supported  effects  on  page  368  of  the  Resolve  manual  when  using  XML  import  

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-­‐‑transitions  (dissolves)/opacity/composite  modes/position/scale/speed  effects  are  supported  

-­‐‑Resolve  claims  to  accept  mixed  frame  rates  in  a  sequence  but  in  my  experience  this  causes  problems  with  xml  import  –  so  avoid  mixed  frame  rates  

-­‐‑mixed  frame  sizes  are  accepted  (but  you  can  rescale  in  Resolve  if  the  scaling  is  not  correctly  interpreted)  

-­‐‑keyframed  positioning,  scale  and  opacity  is  supported  if  the  values  are  typed  in  manually  in  the  effects  window  (i.e.:  scale  to  frame  size  does  not  work)  

-­‐‑linked  audio  or  merged  clips  are  supported  

-­‐‑nested  sequences  are  not  supported  

-­‐‑some  still  formats  are  not  supported  

-­‐‑  speed  changes  are  supposedly  accepted  but  in  fact  they  cause  problems    

-­‐‑Resolve  has  a  speed  tool  that  is  better  than  Premiere  but  if  you  want  variable  speed  effects,  I  recommend  “baking  in”  variable  speed  effects  using  the  time  warp  effect  in  After  Effects    

-­‐‑unsupported  effects  can  be  handled  in  two  ways  (think  about  whether  the  effect  should  be  applied  before  or  after  color  grading):    

a)  the  effect  can  be  “baked”  into  the  file  (by  exporting  as  Pro  Res  HQ)  and  then  reimported  into  Premiere  to  replace  the  original  clip  before  the  xml  export  

b)  the  effect  can  be  removed  and  then  applied  later  to  the  corrected  clip  that  is  exported  from  Resolve  back  into  Premiere  –a  timeline  can  be  exported  as  individual  clips  from  Resolve  for  relinking  in  Premiere  

 

Exporting  a  Reference  Movie  From  Premiere  

-­‐‑export  a  reference  movie  to  verify  the  xml  export  worked  correctly  

-­‐‑a  reference  movie  can  also  contain  color  correction  done  in  Premiere  as  a  suggestion  to  the  “colorist”    

-­‐‑if  you  wish,  apply  the  timecode  effect  to  the  entire  sequence  to  have  a  time  code  burn-­‐‑in,  otherwise  a  visual  reference  is  just  as  good  

-­‐‑  export  the  reference  movie  as  Pro  Res  Proxy  or  something  similar  

 

 

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Part  Two:  Setting  Up  a  Resolve  Project    These  steps  are  covered  in  a  series  of  video  tutorials:  

http://cda.concordia.ca/cvvt/CVVT/Resolve_10/Resolve_10.html  

 

Resolve  needs  a  database  folder  where  it  will  keep  your  user  and  projects.  

1.  Before  you  open  Resolve,  create  a  folder  on  your  external  drive.  For  convenience  call  this  folder  something  simple  like  EXTDB,  or  ResolveDataBase.  You  will  have  to  recreate  this  database  each  time  you  switch  edit  rooms  in  the  CDA,  so  the  name  of  the  folder  should  be  the  name  of  your  database.  

2.  The  database  is  created  with  the  stack  of  pancakes  icon  in  the  first  window  of  Resolve.  You  are  creating  a  DISK  database.  Make  sure  this  database  is  selected  before  you  go  back  to  the  User  creation  window.  

3.  Then  create  a  User.  Resolve  will  not  prompt  you  if  you  lose  your  password.  So  pick  a  password  that  you  will  not  forget.  

4.  Create  a  new  Project.  

5.  Once  the  project  is  open,  go  to  (Top  Menu)  DaVinci/Preferences/Media  Storage.  Create  a  new  Media  Storage  location  that  is  your  database  folder  on  your  external  drive.  

6.  Then  go  to  the  Project  Settings  (the  wheel  icon  in  the  bottom  left  of  the  interface).  In  Project  Settings/General  Options/Working  Folders,  set  the  Cache  File  and  the  Gallery  Stills  location  to  the  same  Database  folder.  The  folders  are  hidden  but  they  exist  in  this  location.  This  setting  is  important  so  you  do  not  lose  preview  files  and  gallery  stills  when  you  move  to  other  computers.  

7.  Save  Project.  Quit  and  Reopen  Resolve  to  activate  your  preference  changes.  

Steps  two  and  then  steps  five  to  seven  have  to  repeated  each  time  you  work  on  a  new  computer.  You  cannot  see  your  user  and  projects  until  the  database  has  been  recreated  for  that  version  of  Resolve.  

 

Note  that  Resolve  will  not  see  any  folders  in  the  Finder  that  you  create  once  Resolve  has  already  been  launched.  You  can  always  see  to  the  root  level  of  your  drives  with  Resolve,  so  make  sure  you  are  not  placing  folders  in  a  location  for  which  you  lack  permissions.  

 

 

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Importing  the  Reference  Movie  and  XML  file  into  Resolve  

Create  a  New  Project  in  Resolve.    

Check  the  Project  Settings/Master  Project  Settings/Timeline  Format.  You  must  match  the  image  size  and  frame  rate  of  your  Premiere  project.  Change  the  size  and  frame  rate  in  the  Resolve  project  settings,  and  then  make  sure  to  save  the  project  to  initiate  these  changes.    

Import  the  xml  file:  if  you  have  multiple  sequences  in  the  project,  make  sure  you  are  importing  the  right  sequence.  By  default  your  media  will  also  be  imported  into  the  media  pool.  

Import  the  reference  movie  into  the  Media  Pool  by  right  clicking  on  the  clip  in  the  library  and  importing  as  “an  offline  clip”.  It  has  a  checkered  icon.  

Check  sync  with  the  reference  movie.  Select  your  timeline  icon  in  the  timelines  window  in  the  top  left  of  the  edit  page  and  right  click  “link  offline  edit  clip”.  Then  go  to  the  media  pool  window  and  open  the  reference  movie  in  the  viewer.  In  the  viewer,  bottom  left,  select  the  checkered  icon.  The  viewer  and  timeline  window  are  now  ganged  for  checking  sync.  

If  the  sync  is  correct,  go  to  the  Color  workspace  to  start  grading.  

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

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Part  Three:  the  Resolve  Interface  Resolve  has  four  workspaces:  media,  edit,  color,  and  deliver.  

 

1.  Media  Workspace  

Library  Window:  allows  you  to  navigate  into  your  hard  drives  to  import  clips  

-­‐‑the  globe  icon  indicates  the  database  volume  on  top  of  the  Library  window  –this  location  is  determined  in  DaVinci/Preferences/Media  Storage  

Note  that  you  cannot  see  a  folder  on  any  drive  that  was  created  after  Resolve  launched  

Metadata  window  (bottom  right):  click  on  a  clip  to  see  the  resolution/frame  rate/codec  etc.  

Media  Pool:  create  bins  to  contain  media  –  this  is  your  storage  area,  like  the  Project  window  in  Premiere  

 

Some  Import  Options:    

Scene  Cut  Detection  –really  useful  if  all  xml/aaf/edl  efforts  are  failing  

-­‐‑on  import  you  can  right  click  on  a  clip  for  “scene  cut  detection”  –this  allows  an  edited  video  to  be  segmented  into  cuts  to  be  individually  graded  

-­‐‑no  new  media  is  created  

-­‐‑this  is  a  last  ditch  resort  to  import  a  sequence  into  Resolve  –use  prudently  and  with  caution-­‐‑  of  course  it  does  not  work  with  cross  dissolves-­‐‑  straight  cuts  only  

Importing  Image  Sequences:  

Image  sequences  come  in  at  the  frame  rate  specified  in  Project  Timeline  settings  but  the  frame  rate  can  be  changed  after  the  import  by  right  clicking  on  the  file  and  going  to  clip  attributes.  

Video  Clip  frame  rates  can  be  changed  in  the  same  manner.  

 

 

 

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2.  Edit  Workspace  

A  project  can  have  multiple  timelines  at  different  frame  rates  and  resolutions.  

Resolve  has  a  simple  but  effective  editing  workspace.  

All  familiar  edit  controls  are  present:  

Insert  and  overwrite  edit  buttons  

Tracks  and  track  targeting  related  to  the  above  buttons  

Timeline  view  options  

Trim  Edit  Tool  for  Ripple/Roll  and  Slip  Edits  

Toolbox  of  Transitions/Titles/Generated  Effects  

Audio  Meters  

Speed  Changes  and  Retiming  Changes  (variable  speed  changes)  are  possible  and  look  very  good.  

-­‐‑  but  video  playback  is  not  as  smooth  in  Resolve  as  in  Premiere  

 

Two  Options  if  your  system  is  slow  (if  playback  is  not  smooth):  

Option  1.  Background  Render  Caching  

–  a  cached  frame  is  like  a  preview  file  in  Premiere  (or  a  Render  file  in  Final  Cut)      

-­‐‑  set  the  cache  frame  location  when  you  create  a  project  (Project  Settings/General  Options/Working  Folders)  

-­‐‑in  the  same  window  in  General  Settings  you  can  also  choose  the  format  for  Cached  Frames:  Pro  Res  or  DNxHD  are  good  choices  

-­‐‑the  cache  files  will  be  invisible  but  they  will  still  take  up  space  on  your  hard  drive  

-­‐‑on  the  top  menu  choose-­‐‑  Playback/Render  Cache/Smart  –  portions  of  the  timeline  that  play  back  poorly  will  be  cached  automatically  

-­‐‑the  red  line  indicates  portions  of  a  timeline  to  be  cached  

-­‐‑Blue  status  bars  indicate  when  a  clip  has  been  cached  on  a  timeline  or  color  page  

-­‐‑you  can  also  cache  a  clip  manually  by  right  clicking  and  selecting  Render  Cache  Clip  Source/On  

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-­‐‑the  cache  folder  can  be  deleted  at  any  time  from  the  top  menu  Playback/Delete  Render  Cache  

 

Option  2.  Making  Proxies  of  DPX  media  

-­‐‑lower  resolution  video  files  of  DPX  media  are  called  proxy  files    

-­‐‑Project  Settings/Image  Scaling  determines  the  resolution  of  Proxies.  

-­‐‑this  is  also  where  you  enable  proxies.  

-­‐‑the  location  of  the  Proxy  files  is  determined  by  Project  Settings/General  Options/Working  Folders.  Set  the  Proxy  file  location  to  a  folder  on  your  hard  drive.  They  will  be  hidden  files  in  the  Finder.  

Resolve  will  generate  proxies  in  the  background  or  you  can  also  generate  your  own  proxies  with  the  Proxy  Manager  (right  click  on  a  clip  in  the  media  pool).  

I  assume  that  the  proxy  file  format  is  a  lower  resolution  DPX  file.  

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

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3.  Color  Workspace  

Obviously  this  is  the  main  part  of  the  application.  

Without  going  into  detail  on  the  theory  of  color  grading,  here  some  of  the  basic  tools  in  the  Color  workspace:  

Scopes  

Top  Menu:  View/Video  Scopes  

You  want  to  display  the  scopes  while  making  corrections.  It  helps  to  have  a  second  monitor  since  they  appear  in  a  “floating”  window.  

In  the  scopes  window  you  can  display  one  to  four  scopes  at  once.  Make  sure  to  adjust  the  brightness  controls  (bottom  right)  on  the  vectorscope,  otherwise  the  pixels  are  not  visible.  Each  scope  has  separate  controls.  

 Monitoring  the  image  on  a  computer  monitor:  

Toggle  Viewing  controls:    

Option  F:  Enhanced  Viewer  

Shift  F:  Full  Screen  

Adding  a  Node  

In  resolve  corrections  are  applied  to  nodes:  a  tree  like  structure  can  develop  with  each  node  influencing  the  successive  node.  You  can  think  of  a  node  as  a  layer.  

Get  out  of  enhanced  viewing  mode.  The  Node  window  is  on  the  top  right.  

Keep  the  first  node  blank.  Add  a  node  as  you  add  changes.    

Top  Menu:  Nodes/Add  Serial  Node  

The  first  node  is  typically  an  overall  primary  color  adjustment.  

You  can  try  out  different  color  adjustments  using  different  nodes  and  turning  off  selected  nodes.  

Command  D:  turns  off  a  selected  node  

Option  D:  turns  off  all  nodes  

Parallel  Nodes  can  be  added  to  combine  different  effects  simultaneously  (for  example  three  mattes  simultaneously  applied).  

There  are  other  types  of  nodes  for  specific  functions.  

 

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Left  Palette:  Color  Wheels  

Most  of  the  action  on  the  color  workspace  takes  place  on  the  color  wheels.    

The  color  wheels  have  two  settings  (top  right):  Primaries  and  Log.  

The  Primary  option  is  used  for  correcting  linear  (HD)  video,  the  Log  option  is  for  correcting  RAW  video  or  log  sampled  video.  

Primary  Color  Control  Wheels  (P.517)  

Auto  Contrast  Button  (bottom  left):  try  it,  it  might  work.  

Lift/Gamma/Gain/Offset  

If  you  have  used  the  three-­‐‑way  color  corrector  in  Premiere  then  these  controls  will  look  very  familiar.  These  controls  correspond  to  Shadows,  Midtones  and  Highlight  adjustments  in  the  three-­‐‑way  tool.  Lift  and  Gain  are  linear  adjustments,  while  gamma  is  nonlinear.  There  is  overlap  between  the  three  areas  of  luminance.  

The  wheels  on  the  bottom  are  for  contrast  adjustments.    

Start  with  the  lift  and  find  your  black  point,  then  adjust  gain  and  gamma.  

Going  to  the  left  on  the  Lift  wheel  lowers  the  black  point.  Going  to  the  right  on  the  Gain  wheel  raises  the  white  point.  

The  color  areas  are  for  hue  adjustments.  

The  Offset  wheel  makes  a  general  correction  to  entire  hue  or  luminance.  

Below  the  wheels  you  will  see  other  controls:  

Contrast  and  Pivot  

These  controls  are  an  alternative  method  for  controlling  contrast  adjustments.  The  pivot  controls  the  center  point  for  contrast  adjustment  and  the  contrast  stretches  out  the  pixels  from  that  point  over  the  entire  area  of  luminance.  

Saturation/Hue/Luma  Mix  

These  are  global  controls  for  the  entire  image.  

Luma  Mix:  At  100:  automatic  adjustments  are  made  to  maintain  luma  levels  when  doing  individual  color  channel  adjustments.  At  0:  luma  levels  will  change  with  individual  color  channel  adjustments.  (p.522)  

 

 

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Comparing  Video  Clips  

Grabbing  Stills  

Stills  are  used  for  comparison  between  shots  or  alternative  grades.    

Right  click  on  the  image  in  the  canvas  window  and  “Grab  Still”.  The  stills  gallery  is  located  to  the  left  of  the  canvas  window.  You  can  rename  the  still.  Make  sure  that  you  have  set  your  still  location  in  General  Options  of  the  Project  Settings.    

To  see  the  still  next  to  the  image  to  be  corrected:  select  the  still  in  the  gallery  and  then  right  click  on  the  video  you  are  correcting  in  the  canvas  window  and  choose  “Show  Reference  Wipe”.  

 

 

Copying  a  Grade  to  Another  Clip  

There  are  many  ways  to  copy  grades.  Here  I  will  mention  only  a  few.  

To  copy  all  the  nodes  from  one  clip  to  another:  

Grab  a  still  of  the  finished  grade  from  clip  A,  then  when  your  new  video  clip  B  is  selected,  right  click  the  still  A  from  the  gallery  and  choose  “append  node  graph”.  

Copying  individual  nodes:  

Copy  the  node  from  one  grade  and  paste  it  to  a  new  node  in  another  clip.  

Using  Memories:  

Select  a  clip  from  the  timeline  and  from  the  top  menu  Color/Memories/Save  Memory  (A  to  H).  

Select  another  clip  and  Color/Memories/Load  Memory  (A  to  H)  

There  is  a  memories  gallery  in  the  top  left  of  the  Color  workspace.  

 

 

 

 

 

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Right  Palette:  Curves  (P.552)  

For  the  Photoshop  users  these  might  be  more  familiar.  You  can  get  more  specific  adjustments  from  the  curves.  

By  default  the  curves  are  ganged  together,  this  can  be  turned  off  from  the  menu  in  the  top  right  of  the  curves  window.    

There  is  a  zoom  button  in  the  middle  of  the  curves  window.  

You  can  click  on  a  pixel  in  the  canvas  window  with  the  eyedropper  and  automatically  this  value  will  appear  as  a  point  on  your  curves.  

Initially  you  will  see  the  Custom  curves  but  there  are  six  other  curve  options:    

Soft  clip,  hue  vs  hue,  hue  vs  sat,  hue  vs  lum,  lum  vs  sat,  sat  vs  sat.  

The  soft  clip  window  can  be  used  to  avoid  unpleasant  clipping  in  highlights  or  shadows.  You  can  also  create  soft  clip  LUTS  in  Resolve  to  apply  to  all  clips.  

The  Hue  vs  Sat/Hue/Lum  curves  allow  you  to  isolate  a  particular  hue  in  the  image  to  apply  a  correction.  This  is  a  secondary  correction  and  works  a  bit  like  a  matte  but  in  each  case  you  are  adjusting  hue,  saturation  or  luminance  of  that  particular  hue.  

The  Sat  vs  Sat  curves  can  isolate  an  area  of  the  image  based  on  saturation  of  hue.  

The  Lum  vs  Sat  curves  can  isolate  an  area  of  the  image  based  on  luminance.  

In  all  cases  use  the  eyedropper  to  identify  the  source  and  then  refine  the  curve.  

 

Secondary  Correction  in  the  Color  Workspace  

Qualifier  (P.587)  

Secondary  color  correction  refers  to  correcting  only  one  part  of  the  image.  The  qualifier  is  a  traditional  secondary  color  correction  tool.  A  matte  is  created  with  the  eyedropper.  One  color  in  a  particular  area  of  saturation  and  luminance  can  be  used  to  create  a  matte.  

Use  as  follows:  select  the  object  in  your  image  with  the  eyedropper,  turn  on  the  “magic  wand”  icon  to  see  the  matte.  Select  the  plus  and  minus  eyedroppers  to  continue  refining  the  matte.  Change  the  values  in  the  hue,  sat,  lum  scales  to  refine  as  well.    

Any  subsequent  change  in  the  primary  color  wheel  window  or  curves  will  pertain  only  to  this  matte.    

 

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Shape  Window  

These  are  like  After  Effects  masks.  

There  are  preset  shapes  to  which  you  cannot  add  points  and  there  are  polygonal  or  curved  shapes  that  can  be  drawn  by  hand.  The  polygonal  shape  is  the  most  useful.  

The  softness  controls  overall  feathering.  

If  you  want  to  reverse  the  shape  (make  changes  outside  rather  than  inside  the  shape)  go  to  the  key  window  (key  icon)  and  click  on  the  output  toggle  button  (top  right).  

 

Tracking  

Tracking  can  be  applied  to  a  matte  shape.    

Apply  the  shape  to  an  object  and  then  track  backwards  or  forwards  with  the  tracking  window.  Keyframes  will  be  created  in  the  window  to  the  right.  

The  shape  can  also  be  manually  manipulated  in  the  window  after  the  initial  keyframes  are  in  place.    

It  is  best  to  track  a  small  portion  of  your  object  and  then  increase  the  size  and  feathering  of  the  matte  as  required  during  the  shot.  The  sizing  and  the  feathering  will  also  be  keyframed.    

 

Keying  

The  keying  window  allows  you  to  see  the  matte  and  make  more  adjustments.  

It  also  allows  you  to  reverse  the  matte.  

 

Resizing  Window  

This  is  used  for  resizing  images.  Resizing  can  also  be  keyframed.  The  keyframe  window  is  to  the  right  of  the  right  palette.    

 

Keyframing  Color  Changes  

Keyframing  functions  much  like  in  After  Effects.  Turn  on  key  frames  for  the  parameters  you  wish  to  keyframe  and  then  make  changes  in  time.  Each  node  will  appear  in  the  keyframe  window  as  “Corrector”  with  a  number  attached.  

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Grading  RAW  and  Log  files  in  the  Color  Workspace  

This  is  a  bit  of  a  perfunctory  description  of  an  extensive  topic.  

About  RAW  files  and  Log  sampling:  

All  RAW  video  formats  use  some  variation  of  the  Log  color  encoding.  This  refers  to  “media  with  Log-­‐‑C  or  similar  gamma  and  color  encoding,  derived  from  the  Cineon  Log  gamma  curve,  developed  by  Kodak  to  digitally  store  flat  contrast,  wide  gamut  image  data  that  preserves  image  detail  with  a  wide  latitude  for  adjustment”.  (P.  524)  

Log  encoding  is  used  in  “digital  negative”  video  files  or  image  sequences  to  approximate  the  dynamic  luminance  range  of  film.  Linear  sampled  8  bit  or  10  bit  YUV  video  ignores  much  of  the  brightness  information  in  the  world.  Log  sampled  images  preserve  more  highlights.  Kodak  developed  logarithmic  digitizing  of  images  for  film  to  digital  transfers.    

“With  linear  digitizing  the  brightness  difference  was  constant  everywhere  and  the  relative  brightness  changed  from  sample  point  to  sample  point,  getting  larger  towards  the  darks.  With  log  digitizing  the  brightness  difference  changes  and  the  relative  brightness  stays  constant.  From  dark  to  light,  one  code  value  change  represents  a  uniform  change  of  brightness  to  the  eye.  Linear  is  uniform  in  brightness,  log  is  uniform  in  perception.”  (Wright,  p.402)  

Log  encoding  works  to  translate  a  greater  dynamic  range  of  luminance  because  our  eyes  perceive  fewer  changes  in  highlights  than  shadows.  The  shadow  and  midtone  portion  of  the  image  is  rendered  in  more  detail  than  the  highlights.  

If  you  are  working  with  linear  HD  video  then  you  can  start  color  grading  immediately  but  if  you  are  working  with  RAW  video  or  log  encoded  video,  you  must  first  decide  how  to  normalize  these  clips.  You  may  have  log  encoded  RAW  files  (RAW  video  is  always  log  encoded)  or  log  encoded  files  in  a  standard  video  codec  like  Pro  Res  422  or  some  type  of    MPEG  file  used  by  Sony,  Canon  or  Panasonic.  

If  you  have  RAW  files  you  can  apply  a  LUT  at  the  project  level.  All  RAW  clips  will  automatically  be  normalized  on  input  into  the  Media  window.  Clips  without  LUTs  applied  will  look  desaturated  and  washed  out.  Normalizing  means  that  the  clip  has  a  contrast  adjustment  applied  to  interpret  the  clip  into  a  certain  color  space  or  gamut  (usually  HD  video  Rec.709).  

About  LUTs:  

LUT  stands  for  look  up  table.  This  is  a  mathematical  process.  “A  table  of  numbers  that  uses  the  value  of  the  input  data  as  an  index  into  the  table  to  look  for  a  second  number  for  output.”  (Wright,  P.460)  The  types  of  image  processing  done  by  LUTs  in  Resolve  may  vary  but  they  are  often  used  for  log  to  linear  conversions.  

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Gamut  is  a  range  of  colors  that  is  expressed  in  a  technical  name  (Rec.709  for  HD  video).  

Gamma  refers  to  luma  reproduction.  It  defines  the  black  point.  The  current  standards  are:  

2.6  –  DCP  projection  

2.35-­‐‑  EBU  standard  (European  Broadcasting  Union)  

2.2  -­‐‑  Consumer  standard  (computer  monitors)  

HD  video  color  correction  monitors  use  the  2.35  EBU  standard.  

 

Here  are  three  options  for  interpreting  RAW  or  log  encoded  files:  

Option  One:  Managing  RAW  media  at  the  Project  Level:  

Project  Settings/Camera  Raw:  

On  the  top  left  of  this  window  you  determine  how  each  type  of  RAW  file  (ARRI,  Red,  Sony,  Cinema  DNG,  Phantom)  will  be  interpreted.  These  settings  affect  all  the  RAW  clips  of  that  type  in  all  the  Resolve  workspaces.  For  Black  Magic  Cameras,  that  shoot  log  images  in  Cinema  DNG  files  or  Pro  Res,  only  the  Cinema  DNG  files  are  affected  by  the  Resolve  Project  Settings.  Pro  Res  files  are  not  RAW  files.    

For  example,  with  Cinema  DNG  files  her  are  the  options:  

Choosing  to  Decode  Using  Project/  Color  Space  Rec.709/Gamma  Rec.709  will  apply  a  LUT  to  normalize  the  clip  to  the  HD  color  space.  You  may  want  to  do  this  if  you  are  generating  low  resolution  clips  for  editing  in  Premiere  or  AVID.  

Choosing  to  Decode  Using  Project/  Color  Space  BMD  Film/  Gamma  BMD  Film  is  like  having  no  LUT  applied.  You  will  be  grading  from  the  low  contrast  log  image.  

This  is  a  good  default  starting  position  for  grading  since  LUTs  can  also  be  applied  to  Nodes  in  the  color  window.  

Choosing  to  Decode  Using  Project/  Color  Space  P3  D60/  Gamma  P3  D60  is  a  digital  cinema  LUT.  You  could  use  this  to  see  if  your  clips  look  correct  when  displayed  through  a  Digital  Cinema  projector.  The  CDA  does  not  have  one  of  these  projectors.  

Choosing  to  Decode  Using  Camera  Metadata  will  use  the  LUT  supplied  by  the  camera  (this  will  probably  be  Rec.709)  

 

 

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Option  Two:  the  RAW  settings  in  the  Color  Workspace  

For  each  individual  shot,  you  can  change  the  RAW  settings  in  the  Primary  Color  Correction  Panel  (Camera  Icon).  There  are  presets  by  camera  type.  Once  again,  if  you  shot  with  a  Black  Magic  Design  camera,  this  option  is  only  available  for  Cinema  DNG  clips,  not  Pro  Res  clips.  

 

Option  Three:  Applying  a  LUT  on  a  Node  in  the  Color  Workspace  

A  3D  LUT  can  be  applied  to  a  Serial  Node  to  any  given  clip.  There  are  a  number  of  3D  LUT  presets  for  log  to  linear  conversions  for  Arri,  Sony  and  Black  Magic  camera  video.  You  can  also  import  custom  LUTs  into  Resolve  from  other  camera  manufacturers,  Canon  for  example.  

I  think  this  is  the  most  useful  way  to  apply  an  LUT.  This  method  of  applying  LUTs  can  work  with  log  encoded  video  files,  like  Pro  Res  or  MPEG  files.    

 

Option  Four:  Grade  from  Scratch  (without  applying  a  LUT)  

Use  the  Log  Color  Wheels  for  contrast  adjustment  and  primary  color  adjustment.  

It  can  be  helpful  to  use  a  gallery  still  of  a  LUT  preset  as  a  reference  when  grading  from  scratch.  

 

Log  Color  Control  Wheels  (P.523)  

The  color  wheels  in  the  left  palette  can  be  switched  from  Primary  to  Log  mode  for  correcting  log  encoded  video,  RAW  video.  

The  controls  look  similar  but  they  respond  differently  and  the  names  are  now:  

Shadow/Midtone/Highlight/Offset    

Adjustments  made  with  the  Log  color  control  wheels  are  generally  made  to  the  node  before  the  one  with  the  LUT  applied,  if  a  LUT  is  applied.  

When  correcting  Log  clips,  start  with  the  Offset  wheel.  Define  the  overall  contrast  using  the  slider  to  find  the  black  point  and  then  adjust  the  contrast  and  pivot  controls  to  increase  contrast.  Once  the  contrast  is  roughly  set,  then  adjust  the  overall  hue  if  necessary.  

Then  go  into  the  individual  luminance  wheels  to  affect  shadows,  mids  and  highlights.  These  adjustments  can  be  minor  and  detailed.  

Control  the  color  cast  for  each  of  these  areas.  

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Using  a  LUT  as  a  reference  

One  trick  is  to  first  apply  a  default  LUT  to  the  clip  and  to  grab  a  still.  Then  delete  the  LUT  on  the  node  but  use  the  reference  still  as  a  guideline  for  your  adjustments.  The  default  LUTs  can  be  too  aggressive  but  they  are  useful  as  a  comparison  and  to  make  sure  to  eliminate  the  low  contrast  haze  from  RAW  log  images.    

Low  Range/High  Range  

Adjusts  the  borders  between  the  midtone  adjustment  and  the  shadows  and  highlights.  

 

 

 

 

Using  the  FSI  Monitor  in  Room  Zero  

The  FSI  monitor  is  the  professional  color  grading  monitor.  

The  FSI  Monitor  can  represent  different  color  spaces  but  it  is  essentially  a  YUV  4:2:2  monitor  working  in  the  Rec.709  gamut.  This  is  the  color  space  of  HD  video.    

The  monitor  can  simulate  the  P3  color  space  of  DCP  Projection  but  it  is  only  a  simulation,  and  therefore  I  leave  this  option  off.  When  color  grading  for  DCP,  post-­‐‑production  studios  will  use  a  Digital  Projector  calibrated  for  the  P3  color  space.  But  the  FSI  monitor  has  a  slightly  cooler  color  cast,  and  therefore  it  will  create  a  reasonably  accurate  output  for  DCP  in  addition  to  HD  video.  

You  will  notice  that  the  main  computer  monitor  in  edit  room  zero  has  a  slightly  warmer  color  cast  than  the  FSI  monitor.  Compare  the  two.  The  computer  monitor  will  show  what  an  output  on  the  web  will  look  like,  or  perhaps  an  output  for  LCD  television.  

Because  the  FSI  monitor  is  set  to  receive  a  broadcast  YUV  4:2:2  Rec.709  signal,  it  is  important  that  your  Video  Output  settings  are  correct  in  the  Resolve  Project  Settings.  

Project  Settings/Master  Project  Settings/Video  Monitoring/Video  Levels  should  be  checkmarked.  

Do  not  checkmark  4:4:4  SDI  output.  Although  the  video  card  can  do  4:4:4  output  over  3Gbit  SDI,  the  monitor  is  not  set  up  to  handle  this  input.  

Display  the  waveform  on  the  FSI  monitor  (Button  F1)  and  compare  with  the  waveform  in  Resolve  when  you  are  in  Color  Workspace  (View/Videoscopes).  Even  

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though  one  is  in  IRE  units  (FSI)  and  the  other  in  10  bit  values  (Resolve),  they  should  correspond.  This  is  what  is  important.  The  RGB  values  will  be  remapped  correctly.  

In  Resolve,  the  waveform  monitor  shows  luminance  values  from  0  to  1023.  This  is  the  total  luminance  value  range  for  10  bit  video.    

Broadcast  YUV  video  has  a  decreased  range  of  64  to  940.  This  is  what  the  FSI  monitor  is  representing.  Despite  the  difference  in  scale,  you  should  see  the  same  pattern  and  your  black  levels  should  line  up,  as  should  your  highlights  at  100  IRE  on  the  FSI  or  1023  on  the  Resolve  monitor.  

In  the  Resolve  media  pool  you  can  look  at  clip  attributes  for  each  clip.  Leave  the  level  for  each  clip  on  AUTO.  Do  not  specify  video  or  data  levels.  

 

Also,  in  the  Video  Monitoring/Video  Format  selection,  do  not  use  progressive  segmented  frame  video  formats  on  output.  If  your  video  is  1080  24p,  use  the  1080  23.976fps  setting  not  the  1080PsF  23.976.  This  will  stabilize  the  signal  when  paused.  

 

 

4.  Deliver  Workspace  

This  is  the  export  workspace.  

The  most  common  export  options  are:  

 -­‐‑  a  single  Pro  Res  HQ  file  of  the  entire  timeline  

-­‐‑multiple  Pro  Res  HQ  files  for  relinking  to  a  sequence  in  Premiere  

-­‐‑a  DPX  file  of  the  entire  timeline  for  creating  a  DCP.  

The  Deliver  workspace  can  also  be  used  for  creating  lower  resolution  files  (“offline”  files)  of  RAW  media  for  editing.  Pro  Res  Proxy  is  a  good  format  for  offline  files.  When  creating  offline  versions  or  multiple  Pro  Res  files  for  relinking,  make  sure  to  Use  Source  Filename  in  the  File/Save  as  options.  Offline  and  online  versions  must  have  identical  file  names  (but  different  file  extensions).  

Multiple  jobs  can  be  added  to  a  render  queue.    

There  are  Easy  Set-­‐‑ups  for  Pro  Res  (Final  Cut  Pro  Round  Trip)  and  DNxHD  (AVID  Round  Trip)  and  H.264  (Video  Sharing)  but  the  Basic  individual  render  settings  are  fairly  self-­‐‑explanatory.  The  Intermediate  and  Advanced  windows  add  more  settings,  like  manual  video/data  level  adjustment.  

 

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Resolve  Deliver  settings:  

If  you  are  working  on  a  Mac,  the  two  main  export  formats  from  Resolve  are  ProRes  HQ  for  a  video  master  (back  to  Premiere  or  Final  Cut)  and  a  DPX  export  for  creating  a  DCP.  In  addition,  the  MXF  DNxHD  export  option  should  be  used  for  a  video  master  going  back  to  AVID.  I  assume  that  what  I  say  below  about  a  ProRes  HQ  export  also  pertains  to  a  DNxHD  (but  I  have  not  actually  verified  this  empirically).  

To  maintain  the  correct  luminance  levels  on  export  you  must  be  aware  of  some  of  the  differences  between  HD  video  and  RAW  video.  There  are  two  major  differences:  

The  first  difference  is  color  compression.  

Although  we  speak  of  video  as  using  the  RGB  color  system,  with  three  channels  of  information  (Red,  Green  and  Blue)  per  pixel,  this  is  not  strictly  true.  HD  video  is  a  YUV  4:2:2  video  format  (also  known  as  YCbCr)  not  a  RGB  format.  The  color  is  compressed.  Instead  of  three  color  channels  per  pixel  there  are  two:  Cb  (Chroma  Blue)  and  Cr  (Chroma  Red)  and  a  luminance  channel  Y.  The  green  information  is  calculated  mathematically.  The  color  sampling  ratio  4:2:2  refers  to  the  fact  that  there  is  twice  the  luminance  information  as  color  information.  Even  a  relatively  lossless  codec  like  Pro  Res  HQ  is  a  10  bit  YUV  4:2:2  video  format  (although  Pro  Res  4444  is  not).  However,  Pro  Res  is  superior  to  most  HD  video  codecs  that  are  8  bit  YUV  formats,  and  often  using  4:2:0  or  4:1:1  color  sampling  ratios.  

RAW  video  formats,  in  comparison,  are  strictly  RGB  video  formats,  using  three  10  bit  (or  higher)  RGB  channels  per  pixel  without  color  compression.  

The  second  difference  is  whether  the  video  is  using  linear  or  logarithmic  digitizing.  

Linear  and  log  encoded  video  use  two  different  data  levels  (or  ranges)  to  store  image  data.  In  Resolve  these  ranges  are  described  either  as  Video  Levels  for  linear  HD  video,  or  Data  Levels  for  log  RAW  video.  Each  video  clip  is  identified  on  import  as  having  either  video  or  data  levels  but  this  identification  can  be  changed  manually  through  Clip  Attributes  in  the  Media  workspace.  The  designation  by  the  software  should  be  correct.  Nevertheless  it  is  important  to  pay  attention  to  these  settings  when  you  monitor  the  video  on  an  external  color  correction  monitor  and  when  you  export  using  the  Deliver  workspace.  I  have  already  mentioned  how  to  use  the  video  level  setting  on  video  output  to  the  FSI  color  correction  monitor.  

Here  is  what  you  should  concern  yourself  with  in  the  Deliver  workspace  in  Resolve  to  preserve  the  proper  luminance  on  export:  

There  are  three  windows:  Basic,  Intermediate  and  Advanced.  In  the  Basic  window,  the  video  or  data  level  that  Resolve  has  assigned  to  the  clips  is  taken  into  account.  In  the  Intermediate  window  you  have  a  choice  of  keeping  the  Auto  level  (what  Resolve  has  assigned)  for  the  export  or  manually  choosing  Video  or  Data  levels.  You  may  

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have  to  choose  manually  if  you  are  combining  different  types  of  media,  linear  and  log,  on  a  timeline.    

Use  the  following  scenarios  as  a  guide.  You  should  always  reimport  your  exported  file  into  Resolve  to  compare  luminance  levels  with  the  original  graded  timeline.  

 

 

1.    A  DPX  export  from  a  timeline  with  RAW  media:  

The  Basic  setting  is  correct.  

Intermediate  Video/Data  Level  settings:  

The  Auto  and  Data  setting  are  correct.  

Video  setting  is  incorrect.  

 

2.  Pro  Res  HQ  export  from  RAW  media  

Basic  setting  is  incorrect.  

Intermediate  Video/Data  Level  settings:  

Auto  and  Video  are  correct.  

Data  is  incorrect.  

 

3.  Pro  Res  HQ  export  from  Pro  Res  Log  Video  (from  Black  Magic  Cameras)  

Basic  is  correct  

Intermediate  Export  Level  Settings:  

Auto  and  Video  are  correct  

Data  is  incorrect  

 

4.  Pro  Res  HQ  export  from  HD  Video  (linear  video:  H.264,  XDCAM,  AVCHD,  etc.)  

Basic  is  correct  

Intermediate  Export  Level  Settings:  

Auto  and  Video  are  correct  

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Data  is  incorrect  

 

For  reference,  here  is  the  description  from  the  Resolve  11  Manual  of  Video  and  Data  Levels  (P.101):  

To generalize, with 10-bit image values (with a numeric range of 0-1023), there are two different data levels (or ranges) that can be used to store image data when writing to media file formats such as QuickTime, MXF, or DPX. These ranges are:

> Video Levels: Typically used by Y’CBCR video data. All image data from 0 to 100 percent must fit into the numeric range of 64–940. Specifically, the Y’ component’s range is 64–940, while the numeric range of the CB and CR components is 64–960. The lower range of 4–63 is reserved for “blacker-than-black,” and the higher ranges of 941/961–1019 are reserved for “super-white.” These “out of bounds” ranges are recorded in source media as undershoots and overshoots, but they’re not acceptable for broadcast output.

> Data Levels: Typical for RGB 444 data acquired from digital cinema cameras, or film scanned to DPX image sequences. All image data from 0 to 100 percent is simply fit into the full numeric range of 0 to 1023.

 

 

References:

Wright,  Steve.  Digital  Compositing  For  Film  and  Video,  Third  ed.,  Focal  Press,  2010.