residue management machinery for ca - dr. h.s. sidhu

7/31/2019 Residue Management Machinery for CA - Dr. H.S. Sidhu

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An Agricultural Hub for the region - a vehicle for Second Green Revolution

An Agricultural Hub for the region - a vehicle for Second Green Revolution

Harminder Singh SidhuSr. Agricultural Engineer

[email protected]

Residue Management Machinery for CA


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Machinery v/s Issues Degradation of Natural Resources

(Soil, Water & Environment)

Stagnation in the crop Yield

Declining Farmers Income Scarcity of Farm Labor

Mechanization for small Farmers Climate change Sustainability of Agriculture


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Conservation AgricultureThree Principles

No/Minimum Tillage Soil Cover with residue Crop Rotation

Three Benefits

Enhanced Productivity

Richer ResourcesClimate Adaptation

Un-sustainbility can not be the optionSystems need to be both biophysically and socio-economicallysustainable.Sustainability also demands confronting climate change


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30 0 3015

Kilometers

Biomass Intensity (t/ha) Legend

5.001 - 7.0007.001 - 9.0009.001 - 12.000

2.000 - 5.000

Total Surplus Crop Biomass in Punjab State

Rice Straw : 65-70%

Rice Husk : 5-10%

Wheat Straw : 10-15%


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POSSIBLE STRAW MANAGEMENT PRACTICES

Collection

Straw incorporation (most difficult)

BurningComplete burning (mostly practiced)Partial burning

Straw Mulch


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Mostly Practiced Rice Residue Management Technique

PIL in High Court


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0

500

1000

15002000

2500

3000

3500

40004500

5000

2006-07 2007-08 2008-09 2009-10 2010-11

50 2501000

1950

5000

India


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0

8 9

22

0

5

10

15

20

25

T i m e

( d a y s

)

Happy Seeder No-tillage Conventional Incorporation

Sowing Time Lag for different options


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0

500

1000

1500

2000

2500

900

575

1600

2450

C o s

t ( R s

/ a c r e

)

Happy seeder No-tillage Conventional Incorporation

Custom hiring Cost for different options


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10

15

20

25

30

35

18-Oct-03 26-Oct-03 3-Nov-03 11-Nov-03 19-Nov-03

Temperature ( oC)Mulch

Bare

Max.

Min. Bare

Bare

Mulch

Mulch

Effect of residue management on soil temperature (5 cm)

Sidhu et al. 2007


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Moisture conservation at different layers formulched and un-mulched plots

5.0

7.0

9 .0

11.0

13.0

15.0

17.0

19.0

7.5 15 3 0 6 0 9 0 12 0

Depth of layers (cm)

M o

i s t u r e c o n

t e n

t ( % )

w ithout m ulchWith mulch


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Weed matter growth in mulched and

un-mulched plots

Weed matter after 45 days ofsowing

Weed matter after 90 days ofsowing

0

0.1

0.2

0.3

0.4

0.5

Q u a n

t i t y ( t / h a

)

Plot A2 Plot P6 Plot P1

Plots

With mulchWithout m ulch

0

0.05

0.1

0.15

0.2

0.25

Q

u a n

t i t y ( t / h a

)

Plot A2 Plot P6 Plot P1

Plots

With mulchWithout m ulch


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Wheat Phenology 2007-08

8

7

Sowing-Flowering,113

Sowing-Flowering,103

Sowing-Maturity, 154

Sowing-Maturity, 148

0 20 40 60 80 100 120 140 160 180 200 220 240 260 280 300

Mulch

Non-mulch

Germination Sow ing-Flow ering Sowing-Maturity

Sowing Date- 13/11/2007

Source :Dr. Yadwinder Singh


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39

6

140

11

0

20

40

60

80

100

120

140

q u a n

t i t y k g / h a

N P K S

Quantity of Nutrient available in Rice Straw in one hectare

Organic


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424

96 0

231

751

0

100

200

300

400

500

600

700

800

R s

/ h a

N P K S Total

Value of Nutrient Lost in Burning Rice Straw per ha


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Canopy temperature under various tillage option

WheatVarieties Canopy Temperature ( C )Turbo HappySeeder

Zero till Conventional Rotoseeder

DBW 17 30.1 30.6 31.8 32.8PBW 550 29.5 30.7 31.7 33.9HD 2894 31.5 32.5 32.9 33.2

Average 30.37 31.27 32.13 33.30No. ofobservations 43 10 18 5


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Rice Residue Management


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Performance of wheat during last three conjunctive years

Districts Year (locations) Yield (t/ha) % increase*

CT HS4 2007- 08 (46) 4.59 4.73 3.02

2 2008- 09 (14) 4.34 4.54 4.61

12 2009 -10 (94) 4.35 4.48 3.15

Mean (154) 4.46 4.58 3.20

* Over conventional


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Rs 60000-65000 /ha


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Germination


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Can we apply Nitrogen mechanically

in straw mulch ?

Can we apply Nitrogen mechanically

in straw mulch ?


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22.5

10 Row No r m a l T u r b o Ha pp y S e e d e r


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Front Row Rear Row Disc Row to apply Urea

Row Geometry of 10 row Turbo Happy Seeder along with five Discs for N Placement


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Urea Box

S e e d & D A P


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45 cm


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Can we run Happy seeder in wet

rice straw ? Morning hrs

Can we run Happy seeder in wet

rice straw ? Morning hrs


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New CA Seeder Prototype


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New Zero Till Tyne

V e r t i c a l C u t t e r w i t h Z T

t i n e

R e s i d

u e P u s

h e r


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Easy Seeder New CA Seeder Prototype


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Lot of changes are necessary toadopt conservation agriculture but thebiggest change is in the mind.

Franke Dijkstra

Pioneer Brazilian zerotillage farmer. Started 35years ago.


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Conservation Agriculture

Agriculture of the Future

Future of the Agriculture


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Thanks

residue management machinery for ca - dr. h.s. sidhu

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