researching emerging technologies and environments in support of new learning scenarios
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RESEARCHING EMERGING TECHNOLOGIES AND ENVIRONMENTS
IN SUPPORT OF NEW LEARNING SCENARIOS
International Conference onInformation Technologies (InfoTech-2011)15-16 September 2011, St. St. Constantine and Elena, Bulgaria
Malinka Ivanova, Technical University –Sofia, BulgariaSteve Wheeler, University of Plymouth, UK
Aim
the trends, perspectives and experiences in learning environments building utilizing emerging technologies to be summarized and analyzed
Emerging technologies
- Emerging technology is a media that is coming into view, coming into existence, or coming to commonality- It is reshaping the nature of education, transforming classrooms into more engaging, collaborative and productive learning environments- instructions can be customized to student’s specific needs, interests and learning styles- It is redefining the way educators teach as well as the role they serve – from a source of information to being a guide, facilitator and coach in the learning process
Source: http://schoolcomputing.wikia.com/wiki/Emerging_Technologies
Emerging technologies
-Blog-Wiki-Podcast-Social Bookmarking-Social networking-Virtual worlds-Mobile educational applications-Augmented reality-Educational games-Tablet computers-Interactive whiteboards-Learner response systems
possibilities to connect three major dimensions of learning resources: learning collaborators, learning content, and learning services
Mobile technologies
• propose increasing learners’ capability to transport their own learning environment in time and location
• gaining of given learning experiences - working local or remote with content, access to services and interactions among learners and educators through written messages, images, video and voice
Why mobile learning?
Key advantages of mobile technologies:1. no time constraints2. no location border3. easier access to (multimedia) content,
knowledge and people4. giving opportunities for just in time learning, for
location based learning, community based learning, personal learning
Specification of mobile learning environment
• consist of portable communication devices and specific mLearning applications
• for effective learning realization: – correct definitions of learning objectives and learning
activities– the achievement of desired learning experiences– the choice of appropriate components of the mobile
environment– analysis of the learning context
Learning objectives and learning activities
• planning of appropriate learning activities for achievement of effective learning experience, receiving new or improving existing skills
• enabling some form or social interaction can encourage group experiences or the facilitation of relevant collaborative learning throughout
• can engage the learner, facilitating self-motivation and self-regulation
• achieving positive outcomes• carefully organised content should enhance the learning
experience by enabling the learner to make better sense of the material
Mobile learning context
Collaborative learning
Situated learning
Informal and lifelong learning
Observation-based learning
Game-based learning
Blended learning
Personal learning
Features of a mobile learning environment
• Mobility - learners have continuous access to content and services and connections with their peers/tutors
• Communication realization - Learners/educators can be in perpetual contact
• Management of profiles and roles • Suitable user interface - should meet users’ needs without
imposing unnecessary complexity, slow operation or excessive power consumption upon them
• Access to rich media objects - mLearning content should be delivered in small chunks rather than large units of information, which can be supported by appropriate use of different media types
• mLearning methods for access to stored information and services through the limited input functionalities of mobile phones are time-consuming and sometimes frustrating
• looking for different ways for effective deployment of mobile technologies and their increased impact among a wide range of audiences
QR codes – a promising technology providing learners with speedy and ready access to multimedia learning resources, information and services
What is QR code?
• QR Code - a two-dimensional symbol• invented in 1994 by Denso, one of major Toyota group
companies - for use in production control of automotive parts• approved as an ISO international standard (ISO/IEC18004) in
June 2000• QR Code is used everyday everywhere in Japan for the
following reasons:– Several characteristics superior to linear bar codes: much higher
data density, support Kanji/Chinese character, etc.– It can be used by anybody free of charge as Denso has released
the patent into the public domain– Data structure standard is not prerequisite for current usages– Most mobile phones in Japan equipped with cameras that enable
reading of QR Codes can access Internet addresses automatically by simply reading a URL encoded in the QR Code
QR Editor Content type Output formats
Store code
Features QR code
Kaywahttp://qrcode.kaywa.com/
URL, text, phone, SMS, RSS feed
Embed codeManual pics
no data matrix generation
ZXing Projecthttp://zxing.appspot.com/generator/
event, contact info, Email, geolocation,phone, SMStext, URLwifi network
Embed code,png manual
no
Delivrhttp://delivr.com/qr-code-generator
URL, Google places/map,contact info, Email, phone, SMS, text, RSS feed
png, eps yes API, QR code tracking, analytics
Mobile barcodeshttp://www.mobile-barcodes.com/qr-code-generator/
URL, text, phone, SMS, email
png, embed code
no
GOQRhttp://goqr.me/
text, URL,call, SMS, vcard png,embed code
no library (php, C++)
QR stuffhttp://www.qrstuff.com/
text, URL,phone, SMS, Email, vcard, event, Google maps, location,Wifi Login, Paypal Buy, social media, iTunes, YouTube video
png no
Maestrohttp://www.sparqcode.com/static/maestro
phone, SMS, map, URL, contact, raw, vcard
gif, svg, embed code, URL
yes error correction
Be QRioushttp://www.beqrious.com/generato
URL, map, Email, text, YouTube video, vcard, contacts
pdf, gif, URL yes picture including
QR code in education
• Rivers - a Japanese university in English as a Foreign Language classroom:
1. through QR code activity the students create opinion paragraphs based on their interactions with other people and materials
2. through an activity “collaborative mobile tagging” with purpose to promote communicative interaction outside of the traditional classroom environment
3. through an activity related to team working on a given problem
QR code in education
• Ramsden - QR codes as a learning technology in University of Bath in several cases: – for printed handbooks with links to online
resources, – lectures content with links to online presentations,
f– or classroom formative feedback, – video user guides, – campus/library induction, – Moodle print materials
QR code in education
• A student of Computer Science in Universite of Bologne, Italy - periodic table of elements with characteristics of every element through QR codes
• Adding QR codes to Word documents for students to check their answers
Laminate sheets and pin them up round the classroom (Mark Rollins @muppetmasteruk)
QR code in education
• QR Codes to enhance/extend information in books and printed material
QR code in education
• Share with other students, announce events
QR code in education
• Make a data chart
QR code in education
• Integrate in workbook
QR code in education
• Add QR codes to any/ all worksheets or handouts
QR code in education
• Linking reading books to online resources
QR code in education
• jump scan contacts
QR code in education
• QR Code Comic Tutorial
QR code in education
The workflow of QR code authoring process and QR code utilization by students
Educators’ authoring
Offline document processingOffline multimedia authoring
Online learning assets creation
URL addressTextEventGeolocationWifi network
Online QR editor use
Teaching / Learning environment
Mobile operator access
QR player use
InstructionPresentationAudio/video assetEvent informationAssessment formGeolocationNetwork access
Offline/online tasks performing
Students’ activities
Internet access
Specification of Mobile learning
Students’ readiness to use mobile technologies
Is your phone internet data enabled? Do you use your cell phone for texting?
Do you use your cell phone for taking pictures? Do you use your cell phone for playing music?
Students’ readiness to use mobile technologies
Do you use your cell phone for recording videos?
Do you use your cell phone for web browsing?
Do you use your cell phone for accessing Facebook?
Do you interested in receiving class updates as text messages?
AR technology
• Virtual 2D or 3D computer graphics objects are augmented with real world creating the sensation that virtual objects are presented in the real world
• The virtual objects display information that the students cannot directly detect with their own senses
• Computer-based, mobile phones-based
Marker AR technology – markers use for visual presentation of objects
• Marker pattern• Web camera• Computer
AR technology
• Markerless AR • Uses special equipment for placing virtual
elements in a digital world
AR technology
• Computer-based AR
AR technology
• AR based on mobile devices
AR technology
Product Type Features Prerequisite (for Windows OS)
License
ARToolKit Library single camera position, tracking code that uses simple black squares, use of any square marker patterns, easy camera calibration code, fast for real time AR apps
- Microsoft Visual Studio 6 and Microsoft Visual Studio .NET 2003- DSVideoLib, GLUT SDK- DirectX runtime
-GNU GPL/ARToolKit -Commercial -Dual license
ARTag Library increased computing processing power, more complex image processing, a higher reliability and immunity to lighting
-Ogre3D Software Development Kit-OpenCV\STLport-P5 Glove Software development kit
License restrictions
Studierstube
Framework for development
AR applications – collaborative, mobile -VisualStudio 2005-External components
- PC - GPL- mobile phones -commercially
Goblin XNA Library 3D scene manipulation and rendering, 6DOF position and orientation tracking, networking, creation of classical 2D interaction components
-Microsoft Visual Studio 2008, XNA Game Studio -Newton Game Dynamics SDK 1.53, ALVAR or Artag
BSD License
osgART Library support of multiple video inputs, integration of high level video object, video shader concept, generic marker concept, API in C++ ,Python, Lua, Ruby, C# and Java
- Visual Studio .NET 2003- OpenSceneGraph- ARToolKit
osgART Standard Edition - GNU GPL license
ARMedia Plugin for 3DSMax
stand alone, web, mobile apps, tracking techniques, marker library and generator, exporter, lighting debug mode, antialiasing, support animations, scene configuration
-ARMedia Player-3DSMax software- Apple QuickTime
Trial, PLE, Commercial
ATOMIC Authoring Tool choice of pattern and object, run and execute wrl files
-JAVA RT GPL license
DART A collection of extensions to the Macromedia Director
coordinate 3D objects, video, sound, and tracking information, communicate with cameras, the marker tracker, hardware trackers and sensors, and distributed memory
-Macromedia Director 8.5 or newer-Direct X 9.0b Runtime-Shockwave Player
Trial, Commercial
• AR in chemistry education - exploring how students interact and learn with AR and physical models of amino acids
• Y. Chen, 2006
AR technology in education
• In the biology area - a learning system on interior human body is produced to present the human organs in details when students need such knowledge
• C. Juan, F. Beatrice, J. Cano, 2008
AR technology in education
• In astronomy - the AR technology is applied as a method for better students’ understanding of sun-earth system concepts of rotation/revolution, solstice/equinox and seasonal variation of light and temperature
• B. Shelton, N. Hedley, 2002
AR technology in education
• In automotive engineering education - an AR system support teaching/learning of the disassemble/assemble procedure of automatic transmission of a vehicle
• I. Farkhatdinov, J. Ryu, 2009
AR technology in education
• AR books – for learning process enhancing• allowing the final user to experience a variety of
sensory stimuli while enjoying and interacting with the content
• the AR book’s features impact learning in several ways: – enhance its value as an educational material,– easier understanding of the visualized text,– audio-visual content is more attractive than
standard text books
AR technology in education
• Encyclopedia – 3D Magic Book Science
– Stimulates curiosity and inquiry– Connects students in learning science– Promotes interest in science.– Reinforces and enriches student understanding of key concepts– Supports diverse student populations in gaining access to critical science content– encourages active learning through student interaction with texts– Helps students gain a concrete understanding of challenging science topics
AR technology in education
Several advantages for educational practices:
• stimulates creative thinking among students• enhances their comprehension in concrete
subject domain • increases the understanding of spatial spaces• motivates students to perform their own
explorations • a supportive tool of theory learning in an
interesting and enjoyable way• proposes a safe environment for students to
practice skills and conduct experiments
Key benefits of AR technology
• excels at conveying spatial and temporal concepts• multiple objects can be placed in relative context to one
another or relative to objects in the real world• maximizes impact• creates contextual awareness• enhances engagement• facilitates interaction• heightens understanding with kinesthetic learners• provides a high degree of engaging• self-paced interaction, and maintains interest• improves communication, learning , retention, and interaction
with others• includes both professionally built content and an AR content
building tool suite Jochim, S., Augmented Reality in Modern Education
Benefits of AR technology for learning
Convey spatial and temporal conceptsLayer of multiple virtual objectsCreate awarenessMaximize impactMaintain interestImprove communicationImprove learning retentionManipulation of perspectives
self-paced
groups
Learning resources
AR bookAR guideAR tutorialAR learning object AR applicationAR service
interestingenjoyableintuitiveeasierengagingattractivefinancially effective
Learning process
Environment
interactivevisual-spatialservice-oriented experimentalsafe
Learning objectives
AR benefits
Knowledgememorize identify recognize
Comprehensionillustrate explain summarize
Applicationgeneralize produce show
Analysisanalyze compare
Synthesiscreate organize compose
Evaluationsummarize support
Specification of learning environment based on AR
technology
Provision for emerging technologies utilization
QR codes prototype in Nfomedia
A model of VLE with AR technology• Edu20 is utilized for students’ facilitation of learning scenarios,
access to AR content/patterns and social interactions
Authoring and learning
Learning
Edu20
self-paced
groups
ARMedia Plugin3DSMax software
ARMedia Player
Personal space
Course CG
School
Resources
AR Gallery
AR Tutorial
AR max file
ARmedia file
Community
sharing
copy to portfolio
favorites
AR marker file
Learning
ARMedia plugin in 3dsMax software
AR technology prototype in Edu2.0
A scenario of project-based learning
Conclusions
• Today’s learners need new skills to be able to find knowledge that is relevant, up to date and dynamic
• They require learning experiences that are responsive to their needs, and they often require them within a mobile context
• mLearning and AR with their various forms and contexts must be considered as serious alternatives to traditional forms of learning and for it to be successful, compelling and engaging scenarios need to be applied
• Most students are equipped with mobile devices but their effective use and adaptation in formalised learning contexts is dependent upon the appropriate design of pedagogic formats
• There is a need for future research in the areas of technology enhanced learning, human-computer interaction and media design with a particular focus on individual requirements and adapted content
Thank you for your attention!
• For contacts:
[email protected]://steve-wheeler.blogspot.com@timbuckteeth
[email protected]@malinkaiva