DEVELOPING A FRAMEWORK FOR

PROMOTING INTERNAL

EFFICIENCY OF ELEMENTARY

SCHOOLS

Prepared by: HINA KAYNATSubmitted to: DR. Akhter AliRoll # 06

RESEARCH PROPOSAL

INTRODUCTION

Rationale for the Study

• The importance of quality education is universally recognized because the overall development of every country is tied to the type and standard of education, it provides. This, largely, depends on the internal efficiency of schools. The promotion of internal efficiency in elementary schools of the District Bahawalpur (Punjab) merits priority because the effectiveness of schools is dependent upon internal efficiency.

REVIEW OF LITERATURE• European Research Associates (2006:98) documented in a

study:The inputs and process of the education system match outputsand outcomes for measuring its effectiveness. The system ofeducation is composed of the following four major elements.1. Inputs: The inputs of education are: the characteristics of learners; educators; curricula; textbooks; facilities and equipment; and financial resources.2. Processes: these are the interactions between learners andinputs, between different inputs themselves, and betweenteaching/learning processes, e.g. attendance/participation,absenteeism, etc.

3. Outputs: these are the direct and more immediate results or effects of education, e.g. learner's completion/certification.4. Outcomes: these are the ultimate or eventual effects of education, e.g. increased earnings, employment,contribution to productivity, improved health, and othernonmonetary outcomes.

• McMahon (1988:4-5) reported:

Indicators within conceptual framework are helpful in monitoring the delivery of services, their efficiency, and the efficiency of investment strategies for human resource development that include the following:• Inputs, such as number of teachers, teacher quality, teacher salaries,

textbooks, textbook quality, textbook costs, number of students in average daily attendance, and fiscal resources,

• Processes, such as number of years taken by students to complete each level, cycle costs, dropout rates, repetition rates, number of days per school year, number of hours per day, class size, curriculum content, and curriculum quality,

• Outputs necessary to measure effectiveness, such as scores on achievement tests (preferably on a "value-added" basis),number of graduates, number completing a partial course and attitudes.

• Sehgal (2004:28) has searched norms of school efficiency and found the following six characteristics: standard of teachers, school reputation, school endeavor to assist development of student’s capability, liberty in school setting, immediacy between students leading to a sense of self- identity and good learning outcomes of students.

• World Bank (2010:57)• The Ministry of Education, Sports and Culture (MoESC) of Zimbabwe (1993:5)

• The study highlighted input, process and output indicators that were most relevant to the purpose and intent of the problem. The requirements are met through input indicators to evaluate utilization of resources. Examples of input indicators in education comprise the strength of staff members, plant facilities, availability of instructional materials, amount of spending on education, students/teacher ratios, family and cultural background of students and predetermined income of students. Inputs of schools may also consist of all spending on teaching and non-teaching staff, time, school infrastructure, necessary tools, course content and audio-visual aids.

Statement of the Problem

•The study attempt to develop a framework for promoting the

internal efficiency of girl’s elementary schools in the light of

parameters contained in global literature. The current scenario of the

internal efficiency of girls’ Government elementary schools will

reviewed and analyzed to identify gaps as well as suggested viable

framework for improvement of the internal efficiency of girls’ high

schools in the public sector. Government Girls Elementary schools

system will be taken as the dependent variable and internal

efficiency will be considered as an independent variable.

Objectives of the Study1. To investigate the current situation of internal efficiency of elementary schools in Bahawalpur District Punjab.2. To explore indicators by analyzing relevant documents and reviewing literature those contribute to improving internal efficiency of elementary schools.3. To identify gaps in the internal efficiency of elementary schools in Bahawalpur District Punjab.4. To develop an implementable framework that can promote the internal efficiency of elementary schools in the public sector.

Research QuestionsThe following key questions were examined in the study.• 1. What is the current scenario of internal efficiency of

Government elementary schools in Bahawalpur District Punjab?• 2. What are the indicators for promoting internal efficiency in

elementary schools?• 3. What are the gaps in the internal efficiency of elementary

schools of the Bahawalpur District that can be focused on a remedial solution?

• 4. What implementable framework can be suggested for improving the internal efficiency of Government elementary schools in Bahawalpur District?

•Null Hypothesis:

Internal efficiency have no significance the school progress and

school systems.

Significance of the Study• There is a close relationship between the efficiency of schools

with the education system, which is currently in bad repute. The results of this study will be useful for not only the educational planners but also for all the stakeholders of education, the reason being that only effective schools can satisfy all the stakeholders of education. The educational planners and curriculum developers will certainly learn which factors contribute to school efficiency and the system will be designed in that direction.

Limitations and Delimitations of the Study

The study - focused on the internal efficiency of the Government girls’ elementary schools on the basis of within-school factors. The external efficiency based on out of school factors were excluded from the purview of the study. Moreover, only selected Government Girls’ Elementary Schools in urban areas were studied in the sampled five Tehsils namely Bahawalpur, Ahmedpur East, Yazman, Kheberpur tamewali and Hasilpur of District Bahawalpur Punjab province of Pakistan.

Methodology• Present study will concerned with the effects of internal

efficiency variables on school progress. So a type of descriptive research (survey method) will be adopted in order to measure effects of independent variables (internal efficiency) on dependent variable (Elementary schools).

Population:• The target population of the study was 1229 principals/heads of elementary schools and 4201 elementary school teachers in District Bahawalpur province of Punjab.

• The sampled population of the current study was 297 principals/ heads of elementary schools and 1433 elementary school teachers in five Tehsils of District Bahawalpur.

Population of Elementary Schools’ Principals and Elementary School Teachers (ESTs)Population of

Respondents,Tehsil-wise

TehsilBahawalpur

TehsilKPT

TehsilYazman

TehsilAhmadPur East

TehsilLodhran

Grand Total

Population of ElementarySchools’ Principals

48 44 62 69 74 297

Population of ESTs 248 145 275 410 355 1433

Sample of the Study• The study chose stratified random sampling technique as the population was

spread over five Tehsils. Therefore districts were purposively selected and sample from every tehsils was randomly chosen in order to provide equal opportunity to subjects, for inclusion in every unit of the population. Adequacy and representativeness are the two basic requirements for a good sample. The adequacy of a sample means that the number of objects included in the sample should be reasonably large enough to provide reliable data. The representativeness means that it should be an unbiased reproduction of the important characteristics of the population. The sample of the study was adequate because 75 (25%) principals and 359 (25%) elementary school teachers were included in the study from all five tehsils of District Bahawalpur Pakistan. Stratified random sampling technique will used to ensure its representativeness. The following table gives a synoptic picture of the sample in five tehsils of District Bahawalpur.

Sample of Elementary Schools’ Principals and Elementary School Teachers (ESTs)

Population ofRespondents,Tehsil-wise Tehsil

Bahawalpur

TehsilKPT

TehsilYazman

TehsilAhmadPur East

TehsilLodhran

Grand Total

Population of ElementarySchools’ Principals

12

(25%)

11

(25%)

16

(25%)

17

(25%)

19

(25%)

75

(25%)

Population of ESTs

62

(25%)

36

(25%)

69

(25%)

103

(25%)

89

(25%)

359

(25%)

Research Instrument:

• Tools of research are the instruments that were not only used for collection and analysis of data, but used at every step of the investigation and compilation of a research report. The study used closed-ended opinionnaire, Checklist and observation for the purpose of data collection. The indicators were obtained from the review of literature and statements were placed under different categories to facilitate quick understanding of the purpose of each statement.

Data Collection and Analysis• The primary sources of data collection were closed-ended

opinionnaire that were personally administered to principals and elementary school teachers of sampled girl’s Government elementary schools. They were also got together in person. The secondary sources of data were official documents and review of literature.

• The data were quantified in terms of figures and percentages. However qualitative data were given different treatment. They were described and discussed for drawing inferences from them. For validity of results, appropriate statistical measures were applied and described in detail at the time of analysis of data.

Budget

Time Frame/Time line

Research Activities Estimated TimelineProposal Submission 1st July 2017

Finalizing of Research tool 5 September 2017Data collection 10 December 2017

Data Analysis and its interpretation

3 march 2018

Reporting Results 10 June 2018

Final Activities 1st July 2018

PERSONNEL• Chairman Department of Education• Assistant Professor Dr.Dilshad• Team members of M.Phil. Education• Head teachers of Elementary schools• Shaista, Fatima Ihsan, and Pasban my team members

THANKS FOR

YOUR ATTENTION