research overview: what sayeem has been doing?

Research Overview:What Sayeem Has Been Doing?

Abu (Sayeem) ReazUniversity of California, Davis, USA

National Instruments InterviewFebruary 09, 2011

Andreas J. Kassler, Research Opportunities at Karlstads Universitet

Earliest Multi-Hop Network

Betterment of networks using feasible technologies

Presentation Overview

• PhD Research• Routing over Wireless and Optical Access• Asymmetric “Capacity” Deployment and Resource Assignment• Integrating Cloud in Access Network and Green Routing • Wireless Highway for 3G Backhaul• IPTV Stream Generator

• MS Research • Location Management using DNS• Multi-class (Vertical) Handoff Management• Secure Paging in Handoff Management

• Opportunity for Contribution to NI• Problem Solving• Programming and Development

PhD Research

Network Architecture: WOBAN (1)

• WOBAN: Wireless-Optical Broadband Access Network

• Deploy broadband access network with minimum wiring: cost effective

• An optimal combination of optical and wireless network to minimize cost and maximize utilization and performance

• Back-end: Optical access network, e.g., Passive Optical Network (PON)

• Front-end: Multi-hop Wireless Mesh Network (WMN)

• Optical Scenario:

1. Optical Line Terminals (OLTs) at Central Office (CO) are connected to Optical Network Units (ONUs) via fiber

2. ONUs are connected to the wireless access network via gateways

• Wireless Scenario:

1. A set of wireless routers form a wireless mesh network: end users are connected to nearby router

2. Some wireless routers work as gateways, connecting the wireless network to optical network

Network Architecture: WOBAN (2)

Why?

We like to have our cake and eat it too!

WMN

+

PON

Routing: The Big Picture

Efficient routing across WMN and PON: Shortest Delay

WMN: Divide the Capacity

Asymmetric

PON: Native Routing

Downstream:

Broadcast

Upstream:

Dynamic Bandwidth Allocation

Data Flow

Upstream

Downstream

Summary

Asymmetry in WOBAN

Traffic flows to and from the OLT

Bottleneck near the Gateways

Flow Aggregation

As a Result…

Many “links” are not even used!

Not all nodes need the same Capacity

Traffic on Links (Mbps)

Mixed Capacity Wireless Access

Deploy radio where needed!

Radio Deployment: MILP

Summary

Resource Assignment: Challenges

Asymmetric Capacity and Flow

Need to assign both Radio and Channel

Traffic Aggregation

http://www.ams-ix.net/technical/stats/

Smoother instantaneous burstiness!

Channel Assignment: BLP

Intelligent Channel and Radio Assignment (ICRA)

Summary

Bringing Service to UsersService = Content and/or Application

Can we bring them to closer to users?

Cloud-Integrated WOBAN (CIW)

Alix Boards Clougplug

Service Access: Traditional

Service Access: CIW

• Adds value to the network Competitive Edge

• “Now I want to use this network!!”

• Remove device dependencies

• Any common interface: possibly a browser

• Local services requests are delivered locally

• No/Limited traffic introduced to wireless backhaul

• More room for regular mesh traffic

• Service traffic moves away from gateways

• Bottleneck reduced

• Local updates remains local

• Likelihood of stale information becomes low

What Can We Gain

Implementations

Wisper Firetide Aruba/Tropos/Meraki

Deployment of CC: MILP

Summary

Green Routing in CIW (GRC)

Different part of the network is

busy at different time of the day

1. Split into Zones 2. Create BW Pipe for each Zone

3. Load balance for each pipe

GRCInstead of pack-and-turnoff, utilize the architecture of WOBAN:

Selective Turnoff and Load Balance

Path Computation: Auxiliary Graph

Summary

3G Backhaul

Connected Planet, Jan, 2010, http://connectedplanetonline.com/3g4g/news/att-doubles-3g-010510/

AT&T’s 3G cell sites are backhauled primarily through T1 lines, which, while adequate in the early days of UMTS, wind up becoming a choke point as AT&T upgrades to faster and faster network technologies.

Is fiber capacity properly utilized?

Is copper a bottleneck?

Single point of failure?

3G Architecture

Can we develop a methodology to • utilize fiber capacity

• reduce copper bottleneck

• create alternate paths for failure recovery

• provide better service quality to high bandwidth application

- Broadcast TV to UE

Without Huge Investment…

An Overlay Network adjunct to the existing 3G network using High Capacity Wireless Links

Load Sharing

P2P High Capacity Wireless Link

Overlay Network Architecture

Links become backup of each other

Any size, any shape

The Big Picture

Multiple Overlays

Overlay Placement: MILP

Summary

We have also investigated how an Overlay Network can be deployed in WMN

The WMN Version of the Problem

Because of the interference within the WMN, this is actually a “harder” problem

and the Formulation without the Details…

Summary

A 43-Node WMN with 3 Gateways

Tested for deployment of 1, 2, and 3 overlay links

Correlated yet Different!

I and B Frame from Trace

We need to generate I and B frames separately

Lognormal distribution closely approximates the frame size distribution of

I and B frames

M. Krunz and H. Hughes, “A traffic model for MPEG-coded VBR streams,'' Proc., ACM SIGMETRICS, 1995.

I and B Frame: Distribution

M. Krunz and H. Hughes, “A traffic model for MPEG-coded VBR streams,'' Proc.,ACM SIGMETRICS, 1995.

Videos are constructed with scenes!

Ik Ik+1∆

If ∆ is significant, then it’s a new scene!

Scene length is important:Within a scene, I frame sizes are close to each other…

New Scene

Scene Length Distribution

Addresses the variations within a scene

We use the relative sizes of all the I frames in a scene

compared to the first I frame

Variation Within a Scene

Increased and continuous burstiness

Each frame size was picked from corresponding Lognormal distribution, but relation between scenes is not considered

Data Rate on 10G EPON

We use the relative sizes of the first I frame in every scene and generate

subsequent I frame sizes in the scene from the first I frame size

Relative I Frame Size

We use the relative B frame sizes compared to the I

frame size in a GoP

Relative B Frame Size

Correlated, spike free synthetic traces with proper variations

Resultant Synthetic Trace

The frame size distributions match targeted Lognormal distributions even though they are not generated from actual Lognormal distributions

Distribution of Frame Sizes

Voila!

Original vs. Synthetic Trace

Data Rate on 10G EPON

MS Research

IP Mobility

IP Address 1

(old location)

IP Address 2

(new location)Subnet 1 Subnet 2

Old point of attachment New point of attachment

SIGMA: Seamless IP-diversity based Generalized Mobility Architecture

Basic idea: setup a new path to communicate with CN while maintaining the old path.

Handover process: STEP 1: Layer 2 handover

and obtain new IP address STEP 2: Add IP addresses

into the association STEP 3: Redirect data

packets to new IP address STEP 4: Update location

manager (LM) STEP 5: Delete or deactivate

obsolete IP address

Step 1Step 2Step 3Step 4Step 5 CN

MH

LM

RouterInternet

Subnet 1 Subnet 2

2 IP Addresses1 IP Address 1 IP Address

Location Management using DNS

IP Address 1 IP Address 2

CN

DNS Location Update

Loca

tion

Que

ryIP

add

ress

2

Internet

Subnet 1 Subnet 2

1

2

3

Challenge

Failure

Query time > Duration in Overlapping Area

Mobility Model

Determine if there will be a query to DNS while updating the entry

Summary

Multi-Class Handoff: mSIGMA

Handoff Decision

Performance

Packet Trace

WLAN

to

CDMA

CDMA

to

WLAN

Paging SIGMA: P-SIGMA

PGW 1 PGW 2

ID = X

DNS

Subnet 1 Subnet 2 Subnet 3 Subnet 4

Internet

ID = X ID = X ID = Y

PA 1

PA 2

Handoff within PA,

No update

Idle MH

Handoff within PA,

Update PGW

Active MH

Handoff across PA,

Update PGW and DNS

Active MH

Location Update

Location Updates

• PA single ID for subnets

• Roam within PA without updating LM

• Active and Idle MHs update DNS at inter-PA handoff

• Active MH updates PGW at intra-PA handoff

Paging Algorithm• Low mobility last location paging

• High mobility fixed paging

PGW 1 PGW 2

DNS


Internet

PA 1

PA 2

Low mobility subnet

paging with MAC1

High mobility subnets

paging with MAC1

MH not found

paging with MAC2 paging with MAC2

Last location paging Fixed paging

MH foundMH found

Connection Initiation• PGW is lightweight LM

updated for only active hosts

• DNS is heavyweight LM updated for all hosts only for inter-PA handoff

PGW 1 PGW 2

DNS


Internet

PA 1 PA 2

CN

Low mobility subnet

paging for A

High mobility subnets

paging for A

name lookup

IP address X

Location Update

MH with MAC A IP address X

Registration with IP address Y

Connection INIT

Connection INIT to YIP address Y

Attack on P-SIGMA

Intrusion Detection AlgorithmS

essi

on H

ijack

ing F

ree Loading

Summary

Opportunity for Contribution to NI

Problem Solving

• Identify new challenges for NI products

• Using optimization techniques to maximize performance

• Linear Programming

• Simulated Annealing

• Apply networking techniques

• For intelligent data-flow

• Energy efficiency

Footstep on a New Area

http://www.lightreading.com/document.asp?doc_id=204081

In a nutshell, lightRadio takes all of the essential elements of traditional base stations and antennas and shrinks them so that they can be distributed across the access network -- or cloud -- and deployed dynamically where or when capacity and coverage is needed. And the distributed network elements are connected via fiber-optic networks.

Programming and Development

• Development of network-related products

• Design intelligent protocols for routing

• Implement upper-layer protocols using socket programming

• Implement stack for lower-layer protocols

• Use generic programming skill to contribute to any development

Network Programming

• For Network layer or higher

• Use native TCP/Datagram socket

• For MAC layer

• Raw socket programming for common MAC protocols

• Send and receive data using MAC address

• IRQ to access registers

• Extract information from driver (not familiar)

Thank you!

Contact Information:

E-mail: [email protected]

Phone: 530-574-2090

Web: http://networks.cs.ucdavis.edu/~sayeem/

research overview: what sayeem has been doing?

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