Introduction to Methods & Techniques By Jyotirmoye Das

RESEARCH METHODOLOGY

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What is RESEARCH ?

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oRESEARCHoSearch for informationoSearch for truth & knowledge oSearch for proofsoSearch over already existing reports

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ENUCIATTING PROBLEM

FORMULATING THE

HYPOTHESIS

COLLECTING THE

FACTS/DATA

ANALYSING THE DATA

REACHING CERTAIN

CONCLUSONS

RESEARCH

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What is METHODOLOGY?

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METHODOLOGYGiving a clear cut idea on what methods or process the researcher is going to carry out in his or her research to achieve research objectives.

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What is RESEARCH METHODOLOGY?

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Some Definitions

“Answering unanswered questions or exploring which currently don’t exists is a research”

- Goddard & Melville

“The process used to collect information and data for the purpose of making business decisions.”

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In research methodology , researcher always tries to search the given question systematically in our own way and find out all the answers till conclusion.

Not only research methods but also consider the logic behind the methods.• Why ?• How?• In what way?• When ?

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Objectives of Research Methodology

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OBJECTIVES

Identify

Appraise

Describe

Interpret

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Significance Of Research methodology

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• In several fields of economics, whether related to business or to the economy as a whole.

• Basis for nearly all government policies in our economic system.

• Certainly facilitates the decision of the policy maker.

• Significance n solving various operational and planning problems of business and industry.

• Important for social scientists in studying social relationships and in seeking answers to various social problems.

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Research Problem

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• Troubling question

• Difficulty

• Condition

• Statement

About an area

of concer

n

To be improv

ed uponExists

in literatu

re theory

or practic

e

Which has to

be elimina

ted

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Definition

General statement of an issue meriting research.A research problem is one which requires a researcher to find out the best solution for the given problem.

In simple language : some difficulty which a researcher experiences in the context of either a theoretical or practical situation and wants to obtain a solution for the same.

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Research Process

RESEARCH PROCESS IN FLOW CHART

Review the literature

Define research

Problem

Review concepts & theories

Research previous research finding

Formulate hypothesis

Design research

Collect data

Analyze data Interpret and report

F F

FF

FF

F

Execution Test of Hypothesis

|

||

||| |V

V V|

V||

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Types Of Researches

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DESCRIPTIVE

ANALYTICAL

APPLIED

BASIC

QUANTITATIVE

QUALITATIVE

CONCEPTUAL

EMPIRICAL

TYPES O

F R

ESEA

RCH

ES

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• DESCRIPTIVE RESEARCH• Surveys and fact-finding enquiries of

different kinds.• Description of the state of affairs as it exists

at present.

• ANALYTICAL RESEARCH• Researcher has to use facts or information

already available and analyze these to make critical evaluation of the material.

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APPLIED RESEARCHFinding a solution for an immediate problem facing a society or an industrial/business organization.

BASIC RESEARCHConcerned with generalization and with the formulation of the theory.“Gathering knowledge for knowledge sake”

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• QUANTITATIVE RESEARCH• Based on measurement of quantity or

amount.

• QUALITATIVE RESEARCH• Concerned with phenomena relating to or

involving quality or kind.

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• CONCEPTUAL RESEARCH• Related to some abstract ideas or theory. • Used by philosophers or thinkers to develop

new concepts or to interpret existing ones.

• EMPIRICAL RESEARCH• Appropriate when proof is sought that

certain variables affect other variables in some way.

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THANK YOU