research in the cbrn domain: from mil to extended civ-mil ... · pdf filefrom mil to extended...
TRANSCRIPT
Research in the CBRN domain:
From Mil to extended Civ-Mil cooperation
Royal Higher Institute for Defence, March 2013
Université catholique de Louvain
Pr. Dr. JL Gala
Med Colonel,
Haematologist - Geneticist
Director CTMA / DLD-Bio
Center for Applied Molecular Technologies /
DLD-Bio
UCL-Brussels, Belgium
Plan
• Biological threats at a glance
• Observations
– 1: Biothreats no more « military-restricted»
– 2: Need for Joint Civ-Mil cooperation in CBRN_R&D
– 3: From « reach back » to « on-site CBRN testing »
– 4: Deployability & in-field testing: new Civ-Mil R&D field !
– 5: Room for further improvements: CBRN int. standards !
• Way ahead and conclusion
CBRNE
Threats
Animal Crops Human
Viruses Radiological
Bacteria
Chemical Toxins
EOD
Biological
années
morts
heures Hours Days Years
Dea
ths
C / E
B C / E
B
Biological agents : Mostly covert incidents with delayed lethality
Risk : Likelihood X impact
Copyright 2012 - CTMA/DLD-Bio
Observation 1
B-threats are no more a « Mil restricted topic »
Shift from « Mil» to « Civ-Mil»-driven R&D prompted by
- Globalization (missions, intercontinental trips…)
- Rapidly emerging diseases
- Global risks from remote, poorly accessible areas with
weak health care support
On-going and future research in the CBRN domain:
From Mil-driven R&D to extended Civ-Mil cooperation
Common Mil-Civ Needs:
Joint efforts and cooperation
VIRUSES FUNGI PROTOZOAE BACTERIA PRIONS (?)
Intentional release only
CBRN cases
Natural outbreak –
Endemic zone
Daily infections
Hospital – Ops «in-field»
POTENTIAL THREATS OCCASIONAL THREATS COMMON THREATS
Best validation & trg model
NOT EXPECTED in environment
Risk in war zone (Mil Operations)
PRESENT in natural environment
Risk for Mil Ops in endemic area
COMMON in daily life Risk anytime, anywhere
Rapid, specific and sensitive identification of living pathogens
- Deadly for human beings, animals and crops
- Contaminating the environment
TOXINS
Identification tools and technologies: all alike !
Anthrax : from disease-endemic area to bioterrorism
Accidental (benign) human infection
Deliberate release human infection
Outside «military field» !
Deadly anthrax cases
Countless anthrax copy cat
« Weapanized deadly anthrax»
Major natural outbreaks:... From Variola…. to EBOLA and Monkeypox
Smallpox
Viral Hemorraghic
Fever
Viral Hemorraghic Fever in Africa : 2012
Copyright 2012 - CTMA/DLD-Bio
Copyright 2012 - CTMA/DLD-Bio
Africa
Outbreak 2012
Infected
(confirmed, probable,
suspected)
Deaths Death rate
RDC
Ebola - Jul 2012
Province Orientale 62 34 52%
Uganda
Ebola - Aug 2012
Kibaale 24 17 30%
Luwero 7 4 58%
Uganda
Marburg - Oct 2012
Kabale, Ibanda, Mbarara,
Kampala
12 8 67%
Copyright 2012 - CTMA/DLD-Bio
Monkeypox, Varicella… or Smallpox ?
Need for rapid differencial diagnostic test !
Observation 2
Need for rapid, sensitive, reliable detection and
identification of B-agents
Joint Civ-Mil efforts and R&D cooperation in CBRN
Dual use of CBRN tools and procedures
On-going and future research in the CBRN domain:
From Mil-driven R&D to extended Civ-Mil cooperation
CTMA / DLD-Bio
« Academic - Military - Industrial » Interface
EU
Commission
Bio threats
Biomedical
EU Defense
Agency NATO
networks
Academic hospital &
university support
CTMA DLD-Bio
EU Space
Agency
Military partners
Integrated Mission Group in Security (IMG-S)
Academic partners In
tera
tio
na
l
Nati
on
al
Industrial partnership
and valorisation
(SME’s, industries)
Regional / federal
R&D projects
Copyright 2012 - CTMA/DLD-Bio
OBJECTIVE
Genetic diseases
Biomarkers / Biosensors
B-agents : typing,
virulence & antibiotic
resistance
Toxins
Academic (UCL) &
Clinical pole
(St Luc Univ Hospital)
BE-Defence
(DLD)
RESOURCES
Applied sciences - Technological transfer unit
Clinical
Genetic Testing
DLD-Bio
Genetic
Research
Spin-off
Identification
Diagnosis
CTMA / DLD-Bio
1
Engineering
Biostatistics
Bioinformatics
Biological –
Medical genetics
Copyright 2012 - CTMA/DLD-Bio
Cutting-edge identification tools:
Genetic-based identification
Copyright 2012 - CTMA/DLD-Bio
RHID / IRSD / KHID studies
MED04 Ended 2010 Genetic profile of the B-agents from the CDC “class A” list
MED08 Ended 2011 Specific genetic detection of biothreat agents in difficult sample matrix
LAND06 Ended 2012 CBRN Mixed sample analysis: ultrafiltration and B-agent genetic
identification of nanobiological agents
MED05 ONGOING Rapid DNA- and RNA-based diagnosis of highly contagious viral agents
MED20 ONGOING Multiplex genetic detection of antibiotic resistance (β-lactams and
aminoglycosides)
DLD04 ONGOING Portable DNA-based platfom for multiplex identification of B-agents in
Ops
DLD05 ONGOING Rapid detection and characterization of agents responsible for culture-
negative hospital infections
Optimization of “Mil CBRN-R&D” ?
Last 20 years: No CBRN concepts !
Needs defined by: RHID / ACOS Strat
International consortia
National consortia
Needs Opportunities
Sharing costs (technological watch compulsory…but expensive)
Mutualized benefits Copyright 2012 - CTMA/DLD-Bio
R&D CBRN-Matrix to better support « Mil R&D »
BioEDEP,
JIP-CBRN,
CBRN Cat B
COST, PASR,
FP7
Horizon
2020…
IAP/ARTES20
CBRN-SIBCRA
EDA
Marshall plan
(Biowin), Waleo,
WB Health
FEDER
Erasmus Mundi
Regional/
Federal R&D
projects
BE-MOD
RHID-projects
Interuniv. Attraction Pole
Interuniv. Coop. pole
Brain-Belspo
EC ESA
NATO
IMG-S (CBRN Think tank)
MED
LAND
DLD
BE-Biotech
(SME’s, Industries)
The matrix allows to spread costs, to mutualize the benefits and to decrease the failure rate
CBRN application: Detection of Biological Warfare
Agents (BWA): The "Dirty Dozen" (WHO) Initial Non Specific
Symptoms Pathogen
Bacteria
FLU SYNDROME
NONSPECIFIC SYMPTOMS
[fatigue, myalgia, fever, headache,
nonproductive cough, chest pain, respiratory
distress, high fever, abdominal pain
vomiting, diarrhea]
Inhalation Anthrax Bacillus anthracis
Pneumonic Plague Yersinia pestis
Tularemia Francisella tularensis
(Rabbit Fever)
Brucellosis Brucella suis
Q-Fever Coxiella burnetii
Glanders: Burkholderia mallei
Burkholderia pseudomallei
Viruses Smallpox Variolavirus
Venet. Equine Enzephalitis VEE-Virus
Marburg-Fever (Viral Hemorrh. Fever)
Marburg-Virus
Toxins Botulism Clostridium botulinum
Ricin-Intoxication Ricin
SEB-Intoxication Staphylococcal-Toxin
LUNG INFECTION : Tuberculosis
Innovative dual-use testing: example-1
Copyright 2012 - CTMA/DLD-Bio
Innovative dual-use testing: example-2
Copyright 2012 - CTMA/DLD-Bio
Copyright 2012 - CTMA/DLD-Bio
CTMA/DLD-Bio work validation ?
Few examples….
• Tomaso H, Jacob D, Eickhoff M, Scholz HC, Al Dahouk S, Kattar MM, Reischl U,
Plicka H, Strand JO, Nikkari S, Matero P, Beuret C, Lista F, Gala JL, Broll H,
Appel B, Sellek Cano RC, del Carmen Ybarra de Villavicencio M, Broekhuijsen M,
Indra A, Petersen R, Neubauer H. A multicenter evaluation of real-time PCR
assays for the identification of Yersinia pestis. Clin Chem Lab Med, 2008;46:1139-
44.
• Irenge LM, Walravens K, Govaerts M, Godfroid J, Rosseels V, Huygen K, Gala
JL. Rapid detection and specific identification M. avium subsp. paratuberculosis in
fecal samples from experimentally infected, subclinically affected cattle by a triplex
real-time PCR: comparison with conventional methods. Vet Microbiol,
2009;136:166-172.
• Irenge LM, Durant JF, Tomaso H, Pilo P, Olsen JS, Ramisse V, Mahillon J, Gala
JL. Development and validation of a real-time quantitative PCR assay for rapid
identification of Bacillus anthracis in environmental samples. Appl Microbiol
Biotechnol, 2010;88:1179-92.
• Irenge L, Gala JL. Current B. Rapid detection methods for Bacillus anthracis in
environmental samples : a review. Appl Microbiol Biotechnol. 2012;4:1411-1422.
Response
time
Selectivity Sensitivity Warning Detection Identifi-
cation
Monito-
ring
Survey /
recce
Molecular
Genetics --- + +++ + +
Immuno - ++ - + -
Optical
detection ? ? +++ ? ? + +
Physical
detection ++ + - ++ +
Hybrid
technologies
Ongoing-CBRN Research
Integration of Hybrid identification methods
Copyright 2012 - CTMA/DLD-Bio
Observation 3
CBRN threats require « rapid on-site testing»:
The concept «Light Fiedable Laboratory or LiFi »
Size ? Specificity ? Sensitivity ? Type of Samples?
Tools (analytical, communication, GIS/EO, Sat Navigation [GPS/GNSS], robots) ?
On-going and future research in the CBRN domain:
From Mil-driven R&D to extended Civ-Mil cooperation
Interoperable platform
for CRBN or Health crisis
Identical HEART
CIVILIAN
specifications
MILITARY
specifications
• Civilian-specificity
– B-specific
– Light Fieldable
– First responders (nurses,
MD)
– GOARN / WHO
• Common Civ-Mil specifications
– Analytical equipement
– Communication, site selection,
georeferencing
– Expertise (human resources)
• Military-specificity
– Full CBRN protection (heavy
shelter??)
– Heavy slowly deployable
– Sampling team
– Ops military C2
Copyright 2012 - CTMA/DLD-Bio
Observation 4
« Increased deployability » and « on-site testing »
implies facing new constraints (preparation,
communication, technologies, logistics, …) !
New field for « Civ-Mil oriented-CBRN research »
On-going and future research in the CBRN domain:
From Mil-driven R&D to extended Civ-Mil cooperation
Trigger for BE-LiFi
deployement in Africa ?
240 Km
Monkeypox MWEKA
Outbreaks 2007 & 2008
RESISTANT TUBERCULOSIS
MALARIA
DREPANOCYTOSIS...etc...
EBOLA
Endemic Monkeypox
area
Copyright 2012 - CTMA/DLD-Bio
Deployment prerequisites ?
• Rapid and easy deployment: Balance the volume/weight of the
equipments with the technical /logistic needs and constraints
(no dedicated container nor transporter).
• Robust /portable “cutting edge” technologies: avoid the loss or
damage of often sensitive equipments during the journey and
deployment.
• Specific, sensitive, reliable and validated identification of
health-threatening B-agents in a large range of samples
(flexible universal platform for complex matrixes; wide range of
B-agents)
• Compliant with biosecurity and biosafety standards (expertise,
daily training)
Deployment in Ops
conditions
No dedicated aircraft !
C130 normal rotation: 3days
Copyright 2012 - CTMA/DLD-Bio
A simple tent or even a
wooden hut…..
KUYA KUMPALA CAMP
Copyright 2012 - CTMA/DLD-Bio
• Heat
• Storms with water flood
• Lightening with power cut
Some
challenges
Copyright 2012 - CTMA/DLD-Bio
Light Fieldable Detection Laboratory
Kananga, RDC, April 2009
Modular structure : scalability – joint intervention
Copyright 2012 - CTMA/DLD-Bio
Successful monitoring of health-threatening
agents nearby a Military settlement
• Monkeypox outbreak
• Ebola outbreak
Real-time PCR
• Resistant Tuberculosis
Endpoint-PCR
Copyright 2013 - CTMA/DLD-Bio
Observation 5
Light fieldable laboratory:
Room for continous improvement –
Needs for international CBRN integration &
standards
On-going and future research in the CBRN domain:
From Mil-driven R&D to extended Civ-Mil cooperation
Copyright 2012 - CTMA/DLD-Bio
Copyright 2012 - CTMA/DLD-Bio
Copyright 2012 - CTMA/DLD-Bio
B-LiFE Proof of Concept
(Anthrax spread in EC premises in Brussels)
29 Nov 2012
Integration of Space-based technologies/ tools : Sat Communications, Sat Navigation (GPS/GNSS), GIS/Earth observation
B – LiFE ESA-
IAP/ARTES20
Biological
Light Fieldable
Laboratory for Emergencies
Data Relay Satellite
Georeferencing Sampling team:
Earth Observation: Site selection
Candidate sites 50-500m
Soccer field RMS
Copyright 2012 - CTMA/DLD-Bio
Copyright 2012 - CTMA/DLD-Bio
B-LiFE Communication flow
Wireless Optic Fiber Optic Fiber
Optic Fiber Sat Com
Wi-Fi
3G
Central Server
SES Bedzdörf Emergency.Lu antenna
Mobile lab
Sampling team
Crisis Center
Copyright 2012 - CTMA/DLD-Bio
Plan
• Biological threats at a glance
• Observations
– 1: Biothreats no more « military-restricted»
– 2: Need for Joint Civ-Mil cooperation in CBRN_R&D
– 3: From « reach back » to « on-site CBRN testing »
– 4: Deployability & in-field testing: new Civ-Mil R&D field !
– 5: Room for further improvements: CBRN int. standards !
• Way ahead and conclusion
B-LiFE supported by new projects in « R&D CBRN-Matrix »
EDA
Regional/
Federal R&D
projects
BE-MOD
RHID-projects
EC ESA
NATO
IMG-S (CBRN Think tank)
BE-Biotech
(SME’s, Industries)
• B-LiFE - IAP/ARTES20:
Biological Light Fieldable
laboratory for Emergencies
(CTMA Coordination)
• FP7-SEC-PRACTICE: Preparedness and
Resilience against CBRN Terrorism using
Integrated Concepts and Equipment
• FP7- SEC-MIRACLE: MobIle Laboratory
for the Rapid Assessment of CBRN
Threats Located within and outside the
EU (CTMA Coordination)
• BioEDEP: 2d generation
deployable tactical field
analysis (project n°6)
• Sampling
(SIBCRA) team
Copyright 2012 - CTMA/DLD-Bio
Mil R&D: Luxury or Need ?
…a clear answer is now provided by the EU institutions themselves !
But maybe no mopre as « stand alone »
Mil R&D needs to intergrate / Meet in « wider societal needs «
END
Copyright 2012 - CTMA/DLD-Bio