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of 4ISSN:xxxx-xxxx SFJNS, an open access journal

Volume 1 · Issue 1 · 1000001SF J Nucl Sci

Research Article Open AccessScifed Journal of Nuclear science

A Ayeshamariam, SF J Nucl Sci, 2017, 1:1

U HAp Strutures and Its Preparation by Using Sunlight Irradiation Method

*1,2A Ayeshamariam, 3K M Tajun Meera Begum, 4S Irshad Ahamed, 5B Ravikumar and 6M Jayachandran 1Research and Development Center, Bharathiyar University, Coimbatore, 641076, India*2Department of Physics, Khadir Mohideen College, Adirampattinam 614 701, India3Arignar Anna Government Arts and Science College, Karaikal 609605, Puducherry, India4Sri Manakula Vinayagar Medical College and Hospital, Kallitheerthalkuppam, Madagadipet, Pondicherry, 605107, India 5,6Department of Physics, Devanga Arts College (Auto), Aruppukkottai, 626 101, India

Keywords Uranyl acetate; TEM; SAED; Laser Raman

Introduction Concentrations of metals and other elements in nature may have important information for the assessment of exposure to potentially toxic and heavy metals, evaluation of nutritional status and diagnosis of or screening for certain diseases. Often, it is useful to evaluate patterns based on several elements. However, when analyzing complex NPs with high concentrations of nanocomposites by Bio synthesis, the sample preparation plays a critical role to cure some diseases and to protect environment from toxic and heavy minerals. It is essential to reduce spectral and its chemical composition minimise the risk of clogging the nebuliser, torch injector, or sampling interface [1]. Less cost- and time-consuming procedures for high throughput analysis involve dilution with acid or alkali solutions (e.g., ammonia hydroxide or tetramethylammonium hydroxide) [2]. Sometimes are experienced in the ICP-MS determination of elements such as B, Br, Se, I and Hg [3]. However, no systematic comparison of the different sample preparation methods for the multi-element analysis different metals and human blood cells by ICP-MS has

been reported [4]. This study aimed at comparing the alkali dilution and acid digestion methods for the preparation of metals and multi element analysis for the ICP-MS determination of Li, B, Mg, P, S, K, Ca, Cr, Mn, Fe, Co, Ni, Cu, Zn, As, Se, Rb, Sr, Mo, Cd, Sb, Cs, Ba, Pb and U [5]. Xhixha, G et al., reported that industrial processes may involve NORM, which are often characterized for the radioactivity content through gamma-ray spectrometry measurements since it is a non-destructive technique that can provide simultaneous determination of several radio nuclides. 238U and 232Th natural series are generally found in disequilibrium in NORM samples [6] and comprises a wide range of gamma-ray energies from lower energies of

*Corresponding author: A Ayeshamariam, Research and Development Center, Bharathiyar University, Coimbatore, 641076, India. E-mail: [email protected]

Received June 20, 2017; Accepted July 12, 2017; Published July 25, 2017

Citation: A Ayeshamariam (2017) U HAp Strutures and Its Preparation by Using Sunlight Irradiation Method. SF J Nucl Sci1:1. Copyright: © 2017 A Ayeshamariam. This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License, which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original author and source are credited.

AbstractHAp solutions were produced by using its raw materials, this solution is doped with Uranayl acetate of source materials by using Bio synthesized Sun light irradiation method, prepared NPs were characterised by using X-ray Diffractometer and its structural analysis and coupling of the molecules its bond were studied. From Transmission Electron Microscopy the batch like structure of its morphology were analysed and its SAED pattern were well matched with X-ray diffraction pattern. Raman modes of optical, transverse and rotational vibrations confirmed the nanocomposites present which was prepared by using Sunlight irradiation method

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Citation: A Ayeshamariam (2017) U HAp Strutures and Its Preparation by Using Sunlight Irradiation Method. SF J Nucl Sci1:1.

particular interest like 210Pb (46.5keV), 234Th (63.3keV), 230Th (66.7keV) and 226Ra (186.5keV) to high energies upto 208Tl (2615keV).From the radioprotection point of view the determination of the activity concentration of such radio nuclides is of great importance either for ensuring workers protection or for disposal of such residues. Therefore, the neglecting true coincidence effects may lead to erroneous results and missed or falsely identified radio nuclides. If the gamma rays are emitted essentially at the same time within a time interval that is shorter than the resolving time of the spectrometer they are registered in the spectrum as a one count. True coincidence summing results in two effects: one is the reduction of the net peak area in the full energy peaks (i.e., summing-out) and the other is the increase of the number of counts or creation of new peaks (i.e, summing-in) [7]. Both summing-out and summing-in effects systematically influence on the results of the spectral analysis. In nature, most of the radio nuclides emit multiple gamma rays originating in complex decay processes [8].

2. Experimental For getting HAp precursor solution, 0.05M solution of calcium acetate was prepared by dissolving the appropriate amount of calcium acetate Ca (C2H3O2)2 salt mixed with 100ml of solvent (75ml of double distilled water and 25ml of ethanol) and stirred for about 5hrs under vigorous conditions at room temperature to obtain a sol-gel solution and then 0.03M of orthophosphoric acid (H3PO4) is added drop by drop in above prepared sol-gel solution. Finally the transparent HAp solution is formed after stirred in 5hrs. During the preparation of HAp solution the pH of the solution is maintained at 10.5 by adding the aqueous ammonia. 0.5 M solution of Uranayl acetate (Sigma Aldrich 99%) is mixed with HAp solution in the ratio of (9:1). Double distilled water and 0.1M of HCl were mixed together and stirred vigorously for about 1hr at room temperature to obtain the final transparent solution; we have synthesized the Uranium nanoparticles using plant extract of Alovera gel from its leaf broth. The leaves were collected and the leaf broth was prepared by taking 5 gm of thoroughly washed and finely gel from cut leaves and 15ml of Milli Q water was added to it .Then the gel from the leaves were nicely crushed in mortar pestle then transferred the nicely crushed gel from leaves in to centrifuge tube and centrifuged at 10000-11000 rpm for 10min at 4 to 50 C .After centrifugation supernatant was taken and filtered using Whatmann paper then used the

supernatant for the synthesis of Uranium nanoparticles. We have used 0.1% Uranayl acetate concentration throughout experiment, 1ml of Glycene was mixed with biological 1ml of solution from leaf extract and added 10ml of milli Q water to it and subjected to sun light irradiation, within a few minutes; the solution developed a distinct characteristic colour and we studied the rate of synthesis with respect to time by collecting the sample at 10min intervals of time. The dried composites were annealed at 250º C for 1 hour.

2.1 Characterisation The crystalline phase of samples was identified by an X-ray Diffractometer (PAN analytical, XRD- CuKα radiation). The morphology was observed using a Transmission electron microscope (TEM JEOL, JEM – 2010-F). Raman spectra were collected on a Raman spectrometer (Renishaw inVia Reflex).

3. Results and Discussion U/HAp (35.824) can be observed, which are corresponding to metal peaks of Co, Ce and U. Figure 1, XRD signal pattern strongly represent the presence of U and weakly symbolize the HAp. The U/HAp powdered particles, its full width at half maximum (FWHM) is used in Scherrer formula, D=0.9λ/β Cosθ, The crystal size (D) and its related parameters are calculated and tabulated in the Tables 1 respectively. The variation in grain size is less appreciable and it decreases nominally about U/HAp (42.48) nm. Whereas the grain size of these particles are 43 nm. In the case of Uranium structure, the U/HAp the U is coupled by bond with negatively charged HAp by bond with positively charged carbons in the cubic frame as in the Figure 2(a-c).Figure 1. XRD analysis of U/HAp




Figure 3. (a-b) TEM and SAED Pattern analysis of U/HA

From these results, it is observed that, the grain size is grown in the case of interplanes spacing, the value of the compound with annealing are found be increased considerably, it can be inferred that, the interplanes are drastically expanded over the U surface due to the applied thermal energy. From the table, it is also observed that,

there is no change in the dislocation density and strain over the lattice. From this observation, it can be noticed that, though thermal forces applied in the lattice sites, there is no considerable strain found and the structure does not changed shown in Table 1 and Figure 2(a-c).

Figure 2. (a-c) Structure of U/HAp

Samples d spacing observed

d-spacing JCPDS hkl Observed

2 Theta2theta JCPDS

Lattice parameter

JCPDS

Crystal size (nm)

Strain x 10-3

lines/m2

U/HAp 2.48234 2.5045 110 36.1871 35.824 Cubic a = 3.542 A0 42.48 -0.00893

Table -1 Structural parameters of U/HAp

Figure 3 shows TEM images and histograms of synthesized U/HAp nanocomposites that are calcinated at 250˚C for 1 h. The black spots on images are according to U or HAp nanoparticles which grow on its surface. As can be seen, the average size of nanoparticles is about <d>=40 nm that near the results of Scherrer’s equation. According to histograms (Figure 3b) the nanoparticles have uniform size distribution (<σ>= 3.4 nm) that shows the used method for synthesis of U/HAp is suitable method. So, it can be use for synthesis of nanoparticle with uniform size [9]. Figure 4 shows the Raman analysis of U/HAp which is having the frequency of transverse and rotational modes of vibration of the composites 140, 632 and 1098 Cm-1. This analysis confirmed the minerals U/HAp present and its frequency well matched with results [10].




Figure 4. Laser Raman Analysis of U/HAp NPs

4. Conclusions The present study shows that U/HAp-nanoparticles prepared by Sun light irradiation of biosynthesis method is a good nanocomposites to apply for the removal of toxic and heavy metals in nature. The adsorption process will be successful function of the adsorbent mass and concentrations and contact time. This biological materials and determination of compounds in the form of vibrational modes can be utilized for the radioactive gamma ray radiations.

References1. Lutz TM, Nirel PMV (1991) Schmidt B Whole blood analysis by ICP-MS In Holland G.Eaton AN editors Application of plasma source mass spectrometry Cambridge UK The Royal

Society of Chemistry 96-100.

2. Hewitt CD, Winborne K, Margrecy D et al. (1990) Critical appraisal of two methods for determining aluminum in blood samples Clin Chem August 36: 1466-1469.

3. Farhat A, Ahmad F, Arafat H et al. (2013) Analytical techniques for boron quantification supporting desalination processes a review Desalination 310 9-3117.

4. Nirel P, M. V. LTM (1991) Plasma source mass spectrometry (ICP-MS) application to multi element analysis in environmental samples a practical evaluation J Trace Microprobe Techn 9 :95-106.

5. Concha G, Broberg K, Grander M (2010) High-level exposure to lithium, boron cesium and arsenic via drinking water in the Andes of northern Argentina Environ Sci Technol 44: 6875-6880.

6. Xhixha G, Bezzon, G.P et al. (2013) The worldwide NORM production and a fully automated gamma ray spectrometer for their characterization Journal of Radioanalytical and Nuclear Chemistry 295: 445-457.

7. Debertin K., Helmer, R.G et al. (1988). Gamma and X-ray spectrometry with semiconductor detectors

8. Long, H , Ren B , Li et al. (2017) 3D hierarchical Co 3 O4 Controlled preparation of coral urchin like structures and application in photo catalytic degradation Journal of Alloys and Compounds.

9. Mathis U, Kaegi R, Mohr et al. (2004) TEM analysis of volatile nanoparticles from particle trap equipped diesel and direct injection spark ignition vehicles Atmospheric Environment 38: 4347-4355.

10. Capitanio U, Shariat, Isbarn et al. (2009) Comparison of oncologic outcomes for open and laparoscopic nephroureterectomy a multi institutional analysis of 1249 cases European urology 56: 1-9.


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