resafe resafe life (2014-2016) partner csic (cebas-csic) july, murcia (spain), 2014 project life12...
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RESAFE RESAFE LIFE (2014-2016)
PARTNER CSIC (CEBAS-CSIC)PARTNER CSIC (CEBAS-CSIC)July, Murcia (Spain), 2014July, Murcia (Spain), 2014
Project LIFE12 ENV/IT/000356“Innovative fertilizer from urban waste,
bio-chard and farm residues as substitute of chemical fertilizers" (RESAFE)
CEBAS-CSIC (Murcia, CEBAS-CSIC (Murcia, Spain)Spain)
CSIC
Centro de Edafología y Biología Aplicada del Segura Centro de Edafología y Biología Aplicada del Segura
OUR INSTITUT: CEBAS
CEBASCEBAS
CAMPUS UNIVERSITARIOCAMPUS UNIVERSITARIO
Facilities (CEBAS-CSIC)Facilities (CEBAS-CSIC)The modern building off ers the scientists modern
laboratories, new culture chambers and pilot plants suited
to the expanded research lines of CEBAS (BASIC AND
APPLIED RESEARCH).
CEBAS LABORATORIESGROWTH CHAMBERS
PILOT PLANT
EXPERIMENTAL FIELD
Dr. Carlos GarciaDr. Carlos GarciaDra. Teresa HernándezDr. J. MorenoDr. Felipe BastidaLcda. Mª Dolores CollLcda. Carmen ChocanoDña. Irene PiñeraD. Alberto Lucas
CEBAS-CSIC (RESAFE)CEBAS-CSIC (RESAFE)
RESAFE (LIFE PROJECT)RESAFE (LIFE PROJECT)
Biotic communityBiotic community
ClimateClimate
Lithological materialLithological material
TopographyTopography
SOILSOIL
ORGANIC MATTER: i) A source of nutrients ORGANIC MATTER: i) A source of nutrients for plants.ii) Water retention; iii) Buffer for plants.ii) Water retention; iii) Buffer action; iv) Control of cation exchange; v) action; iv) Control of cation exchange; v) Reduction of pollutant toxic effects; vi) Reduction of pollutant toxic effects; vi) Improvement of soil aggregationImprovement of soil aggregation
ORGANIC MATTER IMPROVES CHEMICAL, PHYSICAL ORGANIC MATTER IMPROVES CHEMICAL, PHYSICAL AND BIOLOGICAL SOIL PROPERTIESAND BIOLOGICAL SOIL PROPERTIES
SOILSOIL AND AND ORGANIC MATTERORGANIC MATTER
ORGANIC FERTILIZERS FOR SOILSORGANIC FERTILIZERS FOR SOILS
IMPORTANT ASPECTS ABOUT ORGANIC AMENDMENTS-FERTILIZERS
1) QUANTITY OF POLLUTANTS (HEAVY METALS, SALINITY, PATHOGENS…)
2) WHERE AND HOW IT SHOULD BE USED
1)1) Mixtures between some organic materials. Added value: VAP Mixtures between some organic materials. Added value: VAP addition (Vegetable active principles, VAP)addition (Vegetable active principles, VAP)
2) STABILIZATION PROCESS WITHOUT TURNING CYCLES2) STABILIZATION PROCESS WITHOUT TURNING CYCLES
RESAFE PROJECTSRESAFE PROJECTS
RESAFE: Compost, biocharRESAFE: Compost, biochar
EDAPHIC BIOSTIMULANT
To increase micror-ganisms such as aero- bic bacteria, micorri-zation,…
To increase metabolic activity in the Soil (Soil Respiration)
SOIL BIOLOGICAL QUALITYSOIL BIOLOGICAL QUALITY
To increase soil To increase soil quality, fertility andquality, fertility andproductivityproductivity
ORGANICS FOR SOIL-PLANT ORGANICS FOR SOIL-PLANT SYSTEMSYSTEM
WHAT CEBAS-CSIC GROUP DO IN THE RESAFE PROJECT??WHAT CEBAS-CSIC GROUP DO IN THE RESAFE PROJECT??
ACTION B3 B5:ACTION B3 B5: IMPLEMENTATION ACTIONS. IMPLEMENTATION ACTIONS. DEMOSTRATION of HQORBP production at (pilot) semi-industrial scale.DEMOSTRATION of HQORBP production at (pilot) semi-industrial scale.DEMOSTRATION OF AGRICULTURE APPLICATION IN SPAINDEMOSTRATION OF AGRICULTURE APPLICATION IN SPAIN
ACTION C4 and C6. ACTION C4 and C6. Monitoring of environmental benefit of agriculture application in SpainMonitoring of environmental benefit of agriculture application in SpainMonitoring of thecnical-socio-economic assesment Monitoring of thecnical-socio-economic assesment
ACTION D. COMMUNICATION AND DISSEMINATION ACTIONS D2, D3, D4, ACTION D. COMMUNICATION AND DISSEMINATION ACTIONS D2, D3, D4, D5, D6, D7, D9, D10, D11, D12:D5, D6, D7, D9, D10, D11, D12: Communication and dissemination actions Communication and dissemination actions
ACTION E1:ACTION E1: Coordination Coordination
CEBAS-CSIC GROUP: RESAFECEBAS-CSIC GROUP: RESAFE
RESAFERESAFE: Soil fertility. The RESAFE Project will demonstrate the production and use of fertilizers characterised by reduced salinity in order to substitute chemicals and mineral fertilizers trough a techological route based on urban organic waste, biochard and farm organic residues processing.
ACTIONSACTIONS FOR RESAFE FOR RESAFEIN SPAIN IN SPAIN
ANALYSIS ON SAMPLES (CEBAS-CSIC):ANALYSIS ON SAMPLES (CEBAS-CSIC):
On organic materials and organic fertilizers: Italy, Spain On organic materials and organic fertilizers: Italy, Spain and Cyprus (B1, B2 and B3)and Cyprus (B1, B2 and B3)
ACTIONS TO BE CARRIED OUT BY CEBASACTIONS TO BE CARRIED OUT BY CEBAS
NationNation SampleSample CodeCode
CyprusCyprus Urban Organic Waste (Green Waste)Urban Organic Waste (Green Waste) CY-UOWCY-UOW
CyprusCyprus Farm Organic Residue (Poultry Manure)Farm Organic Residue (Poultry Manure) CY-FORCY-FOR
ItalyItaly BiocharBiochar IT-BCIT-BC
ItalyItaly Urban Organic Waste (Compost)Urban Organic Waste (Compost) IT-UOWIT-UOW
ItalyItaly Farm Organic Residue (Poultry Manure)Farm Organic Residue (Poultry Manure) IT-FORIT-FOR
SpainSpain BiocharBiochar ES-BCES-BC
SpainSpain Urban Organic Waste (Compost)Urban Organic Waste (Compost) ES-UOWES-UOW
SpainSpain Farm Organic Residue (Horse Manure)Farm Organic Residue (Horse Manure) ES-FORES-FOR
RESAFERESAFE: Soil fertility. The RESAFE Project will demonstrate the production and use of fertilizers characterised by reduced salinity in order to substitute chemicals and mineral fertilizers trough a techological route based on urban organic waste, biochard and farm organic residues processing.
CHEMICAL, BIOLOGICAL AND MICROBIOLOGICAL ANALYSISCHEMICAL, BIOLOGICAL AND MICROBIOLOGICAL ANALYSISM
AT
ER
IALS
INF
OR
MA
TIO
N
ANALYSIS SAMPLES (RESAFE)ANALYSIS SAMPLES (RESAFE)
RESAFE PROJECT IN SPAIN RESAFE PROJECT IN SPAIN
LaboratoriesLaboratories(CEBAS-CSIC)(CEBAS-CSIC)
Controlled Controlled growthgrowth
chamberschambers
0,00
2,00
4,00
6,00
8,00
10,00
12,00
14,00
pH
0,00
2,00
4,00
6,00
8,00
10,00
12,00
14,00
mS
/cm
EC
RESAFE (LIFE)RESAFE (LIFE)
pH pH values: 6-8. These values arevalues: 6-8. These values aretypical for organic amendments.typical for organic amendments.Only BIOCHAR showed a pH values Only BIOCHAR showed a pH values in the basic range (10-12).in the basic range (10-12).
ECEC showed values between 2-6 mS/cm. showed values between 2-6 mS/cm. BIOCHAR showed the lowest EC valuesBIOCHAR showed the lowest EC values
0,0010,0020,0030,0040,0050,0060,0070,0080,00
%Ashes
0,0010,0020,0030,0040,0050,0060,0070,00
%
VOM
0,00
1,00
2,00
3,00
4,00
5,00
g/10
0g
Total Nitrogen
0,0010,0020,0030,0040,0050,0060,0070,00
g/10
0g
Organic Carbon
RESAFE (LIFE)RESAFE (LIFE)
All organic materials (UOW and FOR) showed organic matter (organic carbon) All organic materials (UOW and FOR) showed organic matter (organic carbon) Between 15-50%; and total nitrogen (1--5%).Between 15-50%; and total nitrogen (1--5%).BIOCHAR showed the highest organic C content, but this material has an BIOCHAR showed the highest organic C content, but this material has an OM quality different to the other wastes (stabilized organic matter)OM quality different to the other wastes (stabilized organic matter)
0
0,5
1
1,5
2
2,5
g/10
0gTotal Elments
Al (g/100g)
Fe (g/100g)
Mg (g/100g)
Na (g/100g)
P (g/100g)
0,00
10,00
20,00
30,00
40,00
50,00
60,00
70,00
80,00
90,00
100,00
mg/
Kg
Total Elements
B (mg/Kg)
Ni (mg/Kg)
Pb (mg/Kg)
Se (mg/Kg)
Tl (mg/Kg)
0,00
100,00
200,00
300,00
400,00
500,00
600,00
700,00
800,00
mg/
Kg
Total Elements
Zn (mg/Kg)
Sr (mg/Kg)
Cu (mg/Kg)
Mn (mg/Kg)
Ti (mg/Kg)
Cr (mg/Kg) 0,00
5,00
10,00
15,00
20,00
25,00
30,00
35,00
mg/
Kg
Total Elements
V (mg/Kg)
Bi (mg/Kg)
Li (mg/Kg)
Mo (mg/Kg)
SOIL ENZYMES versus SOIL FERTILITYSOIL ENZYMES versus SOIL FERTILITY•Enzymes are proteins which have a key role in soil functionality.
•They are involved in the main cycles of elements such as C, N, P and S. A lot of
processes in soil are carried out by enzymes (degradation of organic wastes,
oxidation of organic matter, …).
•Soil enzymes can be bioindicators of the potential of a soil to carry out specific
biochemical reactions in order to maintain soil fertility.
EEEE
EE
EEEE + S + S EE-S-S EE + +
PP
Células vivasCélulas vivasEnzyme-substract complexEnzyme-substract complex
(soluble or not soluble)(soluble or not soluble)
EE
EE
Not proliferant cellsNot proliferant cells
Dead cells and Dead cells and cellularcellularwasteswastes
EE
EEEE
EE
EE
EE
EE
EEArcillas y coloides húmicosArcillas y coloides húmicos
Burns, 1982Burns, 1982
RESAFE (LIFE)RESAFE (LIFE)
Enzyme activitiesEnzyme activities
b-Glucosidase enzymes b-Glucosidase enzymes catalyze the final limiting step of cellulose degradation
Carbon cycle
Phosphatase enzymes Phosphatase enzymes catalyze the hydrolysis of various organic phosphate esters
Phosphorus cycle
O
CH2OH
OH
OH
OH
OH
O OH
OH
CH2OH
OB-glucosidasi
O
CH2OH
OH
OH
OH
D-glucosioCellobiosio
2OH
H2O
R-O-PO32- + H2O R-O-H + HO-PO3
2-
Dheydrogenase enzymes Dheydrogenase enzymes catalyze the oxidation of organic compounds with the removal of two hydrogen atoms that are transferred to the molecule of NAD+
R-H2 + NAD+ NADH + R + H+
Indicator of global microbial metabolism
RESAFE (LIFE)RESAFE (LIFE)
0,00
5,00
10,00
15,00
20,00
25,00
30,00
ES-UOW ES-FOR ES-BC CY-UOW CY-FOR IT-UOW IT-BC IT-FOR
0,43
21,05
0,01
27,96
5,157,31
0,01
9,44µmol
PN
F g
-1 d
ry s
oil h
-1
β- Glucosidase
RESAFE (LIFE)RESAFE (LIFE)
B-GlucosidaseB-Glucosidase is a hydrolase included in the C cycle. It is important is a hydrolase included in the C cycle. It is important for soil quality. BIOCHAR and ES-UOW samples showed the lowest for soil quality. BIOCHAR and ES-UOW samples showed the lowest values for this enzyme. ES-FOR and particularly, CY-UOW showed values for this enzyme. ES-FOR and particularly, CY-UOW showed the highest values of the highest values of ββ-glucosidase activity indicating many C -glucosidase activity indicating many C sources availables for microorganisms.sources availables for microorganisms.
0,00
50,00
100,00
150,00
200,00
250,00
ES-UOW ES-FOR ES-BC CY-UOW CY-FOR IT-UOW IT-BC IT-FOR
130,21
56,90
0,00
31,03
141,68
56,52
0,00
201,90µ
mol
IN
TF
g-1
h-1
Phosphatase
RESAFE (LIFE)RESAFE (LIFE)
Phosphatase activityPhosphatase activity: hydrolase of P cycle. It hydrolizes organic : hydrolase of P cycle. It hydrolizes organic P to inorganic P, available to plants. Biochard showed the P to inorganic P, available to plants. Biochard showed the lowest values of phsphatase activity and IT-FOR the highest lowest values of phsphatase activity and IT-FOR the highest activity values.activity values.
RESAFE (LIFE)RESAFE (LIFE)
The degradation of organic matter The degradation of organic matter is a property of all heterotrophs, is a property of all heterotrophs, and its rate is commonly used to and its rate is commonly used to indicate the level of microbial indicate the level of microbial activityactivity
A negative effect was observed for A negative effect was observed for soil microbial soil microbial respiration respiration in BIOCHAR and UOW (ES and IT) in BIOCHAR and UOW (ES and IT) samples. It could be due to some inhibition samples. It could be due to some inhibition problem (EC,problem (EC,toxic compounds,…), or the scarce of available C toxic compounds,…), or the scarce of available C for microorganismsfor microorganisms
RESAFE PROJECT (6 months)RESAFE PROJECT (6 months)
PLANT TESTS (Petri dishes)PLANT TESTS (Petri dishes)
0,0
20,0
40,0
60,0
80,0
100,0
120,0
%Germination Index (Dil
1/20)
0,0
1,0
2,0
3,0
4,0
5,0
6,0
7,0
8,0
cm
Root Mean Length (Dil 1/20)
RESAFE (LIFE)RESAFE (LIFE)
Some Some biostimulant effects biostimulant effects has been has been observed in soils with organic materials. A observed in soils with organic materials. A possible phyto- hormonal effect could be possible phyto- hormonal effect could be responsible of this effect.responsible of this effect.Salinity (EC) and/or some phytotoxic Salinity (EC) and/or some phytotoxic compunds can be responsible for the compunds can be responsible for the negative effect on germination Index.negative effect on germination Index.
020406080
100120140
%
Germination Index (Dil 1/10)
0
0,5
1
1,5
2
2,5
3
3,5
4
4,5
cm
Root Mean Length (Dil 1/10)
RESAFE (LIFE)RESAFE (LIFE)
Some Some biostimulant effects biostimulant effects has been has been detected in soils with organic materials. A detected in soils with organic materials. A possible phyto- hormonal effect could be possible phyto- hormonal effect could be responsible of this effect.responsible of this effect.Salinity (EC) and/or some phytotoxic Salinity (EC) and/or some phytotoxic compunds can be responsible of the compunds can be responsible of the negative effect on germination Index.negative effect on germination Index.
Microbial biomass: Microbial biomass: PPhosphohosphoLLipid ipid FFatty atty AAcids (PLFAs)cids (PLFAs)
Bligh & Dyer, 1959Frostegard et al., 1993
Bligh & Dyer, 1959Frostegard et al., 1993
PhosphoLipid Fatty Acids (PLFAs)
Microbial biomass C and N (Powlson et al., 1987)Microbial biomass C and N (Powlson et al., 1987)ATP, Ergosterol, etc.ATP, Ergosterol, etc.
RESAFE (LIFE)RESAFE (LIFE)
Lipid fractionsLipid fractions
PFLA ExtractionPFLA Extraction
Trace GC UltraTrace GC Ultra
RESAFE (LIFE)RESAFE (LIFE)
BIOCHAR showed no microbial population. In the rest organic wastes,BIOCHAR showed no microbial population. In the rest organic wastes,Bacteria>> fungi>> actinomicetesBacteria>> fungi>> actinomicetes
LABORATORY ASSAYLABORATORY ASSAY(Containers with 75 litre)(Containers with 75 litre)
CountryCountry MIXMIX RecipeRecipe N. of N. of
containecontainer replicar replica
CollectioCollection timen time
N. of N. of
subsampsubsamplele
ESES UFUF 60406040 11 T0T0 aa
22
UFVUFV 22 T20T20 bb
UFVBUFVB 33 T40T40 cc
T60T60
RESAFE (LIFE)RESAFE (LIFE)
VAP CONSERVATIONVAP CONSERVATION
For VAP conservation you mustFor VAP conservation you must:
-- Keep the box closed, in a dry place, far from light or heat -- Keep the box closed, in a dry place, far from light or heat sourcesource
-- P-- Put the box with label on the top surface ut the box with label on the top surface
-- Use only the quantity you need -- Use only the quantity you need
-- If you do not finish the VAP product, close the box after use taking away all -- If you do not finish the VAP product, close the box after use taking away all
air (reduce the box) VAPs suffer for air and light air (reduce the box) VAPs suffer for air and light
ES-UF/UFV/UFVB-60/40-1 for container 1 (3)ES-UF/UFV/UFVB-60/40-1 for container 1 (3)ES-UF/UFV/UFVB-60/40-2 for container 2 (3)ES-UF/UFV/UFVB-60/40-2 for container 2 (3)ES-UF/UFV/UFVB-55/45-3 for container 3 (3)ES-UF/UFV/UFVB-55/45-3 for container 3 (3)
RESAFE (LIFE)RESAFE (LIFE)
TIME: 0, 20 days, 40 days and 60 daysTIME: 0, 20 days, 40 days and 60 days
MIXTURES preparation:MIXTURES preparation:
* UOW (semi-compost) 60%* UOW (semi-compost) 60%* FOR (fresh material) 40%* FOR (fresh material) 40%* BIOCHAR: 10%* BIOCHAR: 10%
--- VAP: 3-4 kg--- VAP: 3-4 kg
Containers with the mixtures at 0, Containers with the mixtures at 0, 20, 40 and 60 days.20, 40 and 60 days.
No light and temperature 26ºCNo light and temperature 26ºCSampling according to UNIRO and Sampling according to UNIRO and ENEAENEA
SAMPLINGSAMPLING
Samples obtained at 20 daysSamples obtained at 20 days(samples were taken according to(samples were taken according tothe proposal for all partners)the proposal for all partners)
6,807,007,207,407,607,808,008,208,40
pH t0
0,001,002,003,004,005,006,007,008,009,00
mS
/cm
EC t0
7,207,407,607,808,008,208,40
pH t20
0,001,002,003,004,005,006,007,00
mS
/cm
EC t20
0,001,002,003,004,005,006,007,008,009,00
10,00
3,21 2,91
0,27
7,42
9,227,58
µmol
PN
F g-
1 dr
y so
il h
-1
β- Glucosidae t20
020406080
100120
73,83
117,26103
54,11 70,21 61,47
µmol
INTF
g-1
h-1
Phosphatase t20
0,00
2,00
4,00
6,00
8,00
10,00
12,00
3,872,02
8,9310,04
6,21
µmol
PN
F g-
1 dr
y so
il h-
1
β- Glucosidae t0
0
20
40
60
80 65,03 60,76
78,6468,38
46,3
µmol
INTF
g-1
h-1
Phosphatase t0
WHAT CEBAS GROUP WILL DO IN THE WHAT CEBAS GROUP WILL DO IN THE RESAFERESAFE PROJECT PROJECT
ACTIONS: MONITORING ON AMENDED SOILS (B5 AND C4). ACTIONS: MONITORING ON AMENDED SOILS (B5 AND C4).
CEBAS will carry out the production of organic material according to the CEBAS will carry out the production of organic material according to the obtained results. (1000-1500 kg). This organic material will be used on obtained results. (1000-1500 kg). This organic material will be used on plant experiments at field level plant experiments at field level
On amended soils: initial point and at the end of each On amended soils: initial point and at the end of each cropcrop
-- -- Biological analysis: fraction labile C, Soil respirationBiological analysis: fraction labile C, Soil respiration---- Biochemical parameters: enzyme activitiesBiochemical parameters: enzyme activities-- -- Microbial community: PFLA,s (this parameters could Microbial community: PFLA,s (this parameters could be be measured in some samples) measured in some samples) PhosphoLipid Fatty Acids
•Socio-economic impact of the project. Socio-economic impact of the project.
CEBAS-CSIC GROUP: RESAFECEBAS-CSIC GROUP: RESAFE
CEBAS-CSIC GROUP: RESAFECEBAS-CSIC GROUP: RESAFE
ABARAN field experiment (for horticulture experiments)ABARAN field experiment (for horticulture experiments)
For cereals: Las TIESAS For cereals: Las TIESAS field, (ITAP, Albacete)field, (ITAP, Albacete)
CEBAS WORKING GROUPCEBAS WORKING GROUP
THANK YOU FOR YOUR ATTENTIONTHANK YOU FOR YOUR ATTENTION