Status, Application and Progressive Development of

International andNational Space Law

United Nations/Ukraine

Workshop on Space Law

Межгосударственная космическая Межгосударственная космическая программа исследования Земли и программа исследования Земли и

космического пространства космического пространства в мирных целяхв мирных целях

(проект)(проект)

Project of the Interstate Cosmic Program between Russia and Uzbekistan on peaceful

research and use of the Earth and Space

RUSSIAN INSTITUTE OF SPACE DEVICE ENGINEERING

CENTER OF SPACE RESEARCH, UZBEK ACADEMY OF SCIENCE

PRESENTED BY I. IBRAGIMOV, CSR, AS RUz

UN/Russian Federation/European Space Agency Workshop on the Use of Micro-Satellite Technologies for Environmental Monitoring

and Impact to Human Health 3-7 September 2007, Kaluga (Tarusa), Russian Federation

REPUBLIC OF UZBEKISTAN

*SUFFA

General Information• Location: Central Asia

• Geographic coordinates: 41 00 N, 64 00 E Area: 447,400 sq km

• Natural resources: natural gas, petroleum, coal, gold, uranium, silver, copper, lead and zinc, tungsten, molybdenu

• Population: 27 307 000 (July 2006 est.)

• Economy (major export earners): cotton and other agriculture production, color metals, gold, chemical fertilizers, natural gas and oil

• Development of space constructions and apparatus for research of Moon and planets, security systems of space apparatus, research in the sphere of space material

• Development of ground infrastructure, supply of space-vehicle launching site by the systems of ground and space communication

• Development of space devices, information security systems, special software products

• Production of the composite materials equipment for space and aviation

Space activity in Uzbekistan, before:

• Remote Sensing and Geograficl Information System

• Global Satellite Navigation Systems for the different branches

• Application of space telecommunication systems for environmental security, monitoring of dangerous natural and anthropological phenomena and objects, telemedicine and distance education

• Creation of the International Radioobservatory on the Suffa Plato (Uzbekistan-Russia Agreement on 27.07.1995)

Space activity in Uzbekistan, at present:

The Agreement on strategic partnership between the Russian Federation and Republic Uzbekistan, 2004

1. The strategic partnership aimed at maintenance of mutual safety, counteraction to global threats and calls, strengthening of regional stability, expansion of cooperation in political, economic and humanitarian spheres, forms a strong basis long-term and an all-around development of relations between Republic Uzbekistan and the Russian Federation.

7. One of the priority direction of the cooperation is:

- cooperation in realization of interstate space programs of research of the Earth and a space with use of an infrastructure available in the territory of a Republic Uzbekistan

The Agreement on Union Relationsbetween the Russian Federation and Republic

Uzbekistan, 2005

6. The parties coordinate and unite the efforts directed on increase of efficiency of mechanisms of counteraction and neutralization of threats of the international terrorism, violent extremism, distribution of the weapon of mass destruction, illegal circulation of narcotics, psychotropic substances and those precursors, the weapon, the transnational organized crime, other displays of new threats and calls of safety.

12. The parties provide equal in rights and mutually advantageous cooperation in scientific and technical, power, financial, investment, bank, aviaconstruction, communication areas, in nuclear power, in sphere of information technologies, other spheres representing mutual interest, and according to the national legislation create for this purpose necessary favorable conditions.

SUBPROGRAM I - Creation, operation and use of objects of the space infrastructure located in territory

of Republic Uzbekistan

• “SUFFA” - creation, development and maintenance of the international radioobservatory on plateau Suffa.

• "Science" - researches of a space with use of a scientific complex on plateau Suffa.

• “Majdanak" - maintenance, development and use of a network of quantum-optical stations for measurements and supervision over space vehicles.

• "Astronomy" - researches of a space with use of a scientific complex on mountain Majdanak

SUBPROGRAM II Complex Projects of practical use RS@GIS, Satellite

Navigation and other modern applied space technologies

• "Accuracy" - creation of system of precision satellite navigation of territory of Republic Uzbekistan

• "City" - creation of the automated system of maintenance of town-planning with use of space technologies

• "Pioneer" - creation of a mobile navigation-geodetic complex for geodetic and topographical works in territory of Republic Uzbekistan

• "Transport" - creation of the automated system of satellite monitoring and management of transport of Republic Uzbekistan

• "Деhkanin" - creation of the automated system of satellite monitoring and management of agricultural activity of Republic Uzbekistan

SUBPROGRAM II (continuation)

• "Basis" - creation of a uniform electronic cartographical basis and geoinformation system of Republic Uzbekistan.

• "Geology" - creation of the automated system of satellite monitoring of natural resources and preventions from landslides processes in territory of Republic Uzbekistan.

• "Petrogas" - creation of the automated system of satellite monitoring and management of an oil-and-gas complex of Republic Uzbekistan.

• "Ustyurt" - inspection and maintenance of use of area of falling of separated parts of rockets-carriers in territory of Karakalpakstan.

• "Space-UZ" - system researches of questions of creation and development of a national space infrastructure in interests of the decision of social and economic, scientific problems and maintenance of national safety of Republic Uzbekistan

Project “SUFFA”, Outline

• The large-scale radio astronomy facility complex is being created on Suffa plateau (Uzbekistan, altitude 2500 m) according to the Russia – Uzbekistan Agreement on constructing of the International Radio Astronomy Observatory «SUFFA» - IRAOS

• It will be a basic part of the VLBI and Earth-Space VLBI systems.

• IRAOS structure will be the follows:

- radio telescope RT-70 for 0.9 ÷ 60 mm band 70 m main reflector,

- two removable sub-reflectors;

- satellite communication station;

- data receiving and processing system and other necessary infrastructure.

• The adaptive optics principle will be used for control the surface of the main mirror consisted of about 1200 trapezoid panels.

Overview - I• 1984 - project was started up; • 1992 - project was suspended after SU disappeared;• 1995 - Agreement was signed between Governments

of Russia and Uzbekistan establishing "The International Radio Astronomy Observatory "Suffa" (IRAOS).

• This Agreement provides a legal basis for the continuation of the construction of the 70-m Suffa radio telescope which will belong to the IRAOS;

• The duration of the Agreement is 99 years.

The Agreement is open for joining by other States, international organizations, national scientific institutions or personalities from third states

Overview - II• 2001 - project was considerably updated and

modernized;• 2007 – start preliminary works for infrastructure

(electricity, communications, water, heat, etc.);• 2007-2008 – renewal researches of optical and radio

transparency; • 2008 – 2009 – installing the radiotelescope RT-70; • 2010 – term planned to put the radiotelescope into

experimental operation;• 2011- first observations.

This project is one of the most prominent for the new century radio astronomy

Purpose of RT-70 radio telescope on Suffa 1.Radio Interferometer mode observations:a) Ground based VLBI within the existed networks.b) Earth-Space Very Long Base Interferometry (ESVLBI)

with space born radio telescopes (D = 12 m) at angle resolution 100 better than ground based systems

2. Autonomous mode observations of astrophysical objects.3. Geodynamic and geophysical problems. 4. Programme SETI targets.5. Super long distance space apparatus navigation and

operation

Some main features of RT-70Optical arrangement : two-mirror Gregory scheme (Feq=571(345) m) with additional periscope mirror Dper=0.6 m

Primary mirror : parabolic shaped D= 70 m , F = 21 m, aperture angle = 160 degSecondary mirror (s) : ellipsoid shaped D=3 (5) m , IF = 242 m

Pointing accuracy : ~1 arc sec using special guide-builder and precise digital angle sensors

Guiding accuracy: ~ 0.3˝ sec-1Operational wavelengths : S-range (0.87 ÷ 10 mm), M-range (1 ÷ 10 cm),

7 (10) working bands

Total construction weight : 4500 tonnes

1 - azimuth master 2, 3, 8 - laser position measuring devices 4 - basic platform 5 - primary mirror 6 - secondary reflector 7 - periscope mirror 9 - guide-builder (for precise pointing)10 - monitoring device (controller)11 - digital feedback sensor

Sketch-section of RT-70 radiotelescope

1 - laser position measuring devices

2 - basic platform

3 - primary mirror

4 - counter-reflector

5 - reference devices

6 - electric jacks for reflecting panels

7 - periscope mirror

8 - guide-builder

Sketch for RT-70 radio telescope primary mirror shape fitting system

• Preamble• International principles of space activity• History of the development and current state of the

space research in Uzbekistan• Priority directions of the development of space research

and technologies in the Republic of Uzbekistan• System of objects and tasks for the development of the

space research and technologies• Problematic questions of space research and ways of

their solution• Proves of the necessity of the creation and development

of the regulation-legislation basis of space activity in Uzbekistan

• Development of international cooperation in the field of space activity

Horizon shielding diagramat location of the radio telescope in Suffa plateau

Distribution of clear time in 1981-1991 general cloudiness

Radio astroclimate and solar activityNow we are beginning activity to further explore the Suffa site more

deep and to learn the main «radio astroclimate» parameters by means of a new technology:

«radioseeing» - radio transparency and stability in different submm, mm and cm bands;

PWV - their intercorrelation and correlation with meteoparameters and active processes on the Sun and heliosphere.

It is necessary to study influence and interconnection with solar activity, magnetosphere-ionosphere disturbance, plasma waves, turbulence and radio conditions at the Suffa.

The long term observations and measurements will be the main experimental materials and data base for the atmosphere-ionosphere modelling at the site to forecast the "radio-weather" for reliably planning the scientific schedule of the future telescope.

Three forms of joining to this project 1. The participation in completing the complex «Suffa». An

immediate participation in completing the installation is encouraged and will give the preferences in future activities.

2. The participation in providing facilities by last generation receivers and other modern equipment. This might be started with participation in new site testing project: radio astroclimate, correlation solar activity and radiotransparency, magnetosphere-ionosphere disturbance, plasma waves, turbulence and radio conditions at the Suffa.

3. Scientific collaboration with co-financing future operation of the radioobservatory RT-70 and participation in scientific researches on that base.

Thank you