Republic in Republic in CrisisCrisis

Victory Over Victory Over CarthageCarthage

Brought Incredible RichesBrought Incredible RichesTrade, taxes, lootingsTrade, taxes, lootings

Created Conflict in Roman SocietyCreated Conflict in Roman SocietyPeople suffer taxes, poverty, and warPeople suffer taxes, poverty, and war

LatifundiaLatifundia

Social ProblemsSocial ProblemsLatifundiaLatifundia

Huge estates owned by wealthy familiesHuge estates owned by wealthy familiesWorked by slaves captured in warWorked by slaves captured in war

Slave Labor vs. FarmersSlave Labor vs. FarmersSlaves form thirty percent of populationSlaves form thirty percent of population

Gap Between Rich and PoorGap Between Rich and PoorSelf interests replace Roman virtuesSelf interests replace Roman virtuesRiots result: Riots result: SpartacusSpartacus

Attempts at Attempts at ReformReform

Gracchus BrothersGracchus BrothersTiberius and GaiusTiberius and Gaius

Distribute land to the poorDistribute land to the poor

Public funds to feed the poorPublic funds to feed the poor

ReformsReformsAngered SenateAngered Senate

Street violence: Street violence: planned by Senatorsplanned by Senators

Gracchus Gracchus BrothersBrothers

Who Should Hold Who Should Hold Power?Power?SenateSenate

Govern as it had in the pastGovern as it had in the past

Popular Political LeadersPopular Political LeadersWeaken the SenateWeaken the SenateEstablish reformsEstablish reforms

GeneralsGeneralsLegions changed: professional armiesLegions changed: professional armiesLoyalty to commanderLoyalty to commander

Republic to Republic to EmpireEmpire

Julius CaesarJulius Caesar

““Veni, Vedi, Veni, Vedi, Vecci!!”Vecci!!”

I came, I saw, I conquered!!I came, I saw, I conquered!!

The Roman Empire in AD 116The empire at its largest extent

The Roman Empire at 44 BCat the death of Caesar

Julius CaesarJulius CaesarAmbitious and DeterminedAmbitious and Determined

Wants reformsWants reforms

Wants to advance his political careerWants to advance his political career

Elected Consul after conquering SpainElected Consul after conquering Spain

Expands Roman Power: 59 – 50 B.C.Expands Roman Power: 59 – 50 B.C.Uses army to capture Gaul, modern FranceUses army to capture Gaul, modern France

Establishes Triumvirate, Establishes Triumvirate, three (3) Consuls three (3) Consuls

Roman ConflictRoman ConflictTriumvirateTriumvirate

Pompey Pompey (General), (General), Crassus Crassus (Rich), (Rich), Caesar Caesar

Pompey:Pompey: PoliticianPoliticianDominate politics with CaesarDominate politics with Caesar

Jealous of Caesar’s rising fameJealous of Caesar’s rising fame

Convinces SenateConvinces Senate Caesar is dangerousCaesar is dangerous

Order Caesar’s army to disbandOrder Caesar’s army to disband

Crossing the Crossing the RubiconRubicon

TreasonTreason““Crossing the Rubicon”Crossing the Rubicon”

Caesar defies orderCaesar defies order

Leads army across Rubicon: Leads army across Rubicon: attacks attacks RomeRome

Civil War ResultsCivil War ResultsCrushes Pompey: Crushes Pompey: BeheadedBeheaded

Sweeps Mediterranean for rebellionsSweeps Mediterranean for rebellions

Caesar’s PowerCaesar’s PowerDictatorDictator

Forced Senate to declare him dictator for lifeForced Senate to declare him dictator for life

Absolute rulerAbsolute ruler

ReformsReformsPacked Senate with his friendsPacked Senate with his friends

Start to build an EmpireStart to build an Empire

Public WorksPublic WorksEmploy jobless, gave land to poorEmploy jobless, gave land to poor

SenateSenate

Senate WorriedSenate WorriedCaesar will try to be KingCaesar will try to be King

Must save RepublicMust save Republic

Caesar must dieCaesar must die

Death of CaesarDeath of Caesar

Ides of MarchIdes of MarchMarch 15March 15

Enemies/friends stab him to deathEnemies/friends stab him to death

Twenty-seven timesTwenty-seven times

Power Struggle ResultsPower Struggle ResultsWho will be in power?Who will be in power?