Reptile & Amphibian Taxonomy

Linnean Taxonomy

● Kingdom

– Phylum● Class

–Order● Family

● Genus● Species

Extended Taxonomy

● Class

– Subclass● Order

–Suborder● Infraorder

● Superfamily● Family

● Genus● Species

Geologic History

● Breakup began around 500 million years ago

Geologic History

● Breakup began around 200 million years ago

Habitat

Convergent Evolution

Herps

Class Reptilia

● Subclass Anapsida– Order Testudines (Turtles)

● Subclass Lepidosauria– Order Rhynchocephalia

– Order Squamata ("Scaled Reptiles")

● Subclass Archosauria– Order Crocodylia (Crocodiles and Alligators)

Class Reptilia

Order Testudines

● Suborder Cryptodira (pull head straight back)● Suborder Pleurodira (fold neck sideways)

Suborder Cryptodira

● Superfamily Testudinoidea● Superfamily Trionychoidea● Superfamily Chelonioidea

Superfamily Testudinoidea

● Family Chelydridae (Snapping Turtles)● Family Emydidae (Box and Water Turtles)● Family Geoemydidae (Pond Turtles)● Family Testudinidae (Tortoises)

Family Chelydridae

Family Geoemydidae

● Chinemys reevesii (Reeves' Pond Turtle, 남생이)

Family Emydidae

● Trachemys scripta (Red-eared Slider, 붉은귀거북)

Family Testudinidae

Superfamily Trionychoidea

● Family Dermatemydidae (River Turtles)● Family Kinosternidae (Mud and Musk Turtles)● Family Carettochelyidae (Pig-nose Turtles)● Family Trionychidae (Softshell Turtles)

Family Trionychidae

● Pelodiscus sinensis (Chinese Softshell Turtle, 자라)

Superfamily Chelonioidea

● Family Cheloniidae (Sea Turtles)● Family Dermochelyidae (Leatherback Turtles)

● Caretta Caretta (Loggerhead Turtle, 붉은거북)

● Chelonia mydas (Green Turtle, 바다거북)

● Dermochelys coriacea (Leatherback Turtle, 장수거북)

Suborder Pleurodira

● Family Pelomedusidae (Afro-American Sideneck Turtles)

● Family Chelidae (Austro-American Sideneck Turtles)

Subclass Lepidosauria

● Order Rhynchocephalia● Order Squamata ("scaled reptiles")

Order Rhynchocephalia

● Suborder Sphenodontida– Family Sphenodontidae (Tuataras)

Order Squamata ("scaled reptiles")

● Suborder Sauria (lizards)● Suborder Serpentes (snakes)● Suborder Amphisbaenia (amphisbaenians)

Suborder Sauria (lizards)

● Infraorder Iguania● Infraorder Gekkota● Infraorder Scincomorpha● Infraorder Diploglossa● Infraorder Platynota (Varanoidea)

Infraorder Iguania

● Family Agamidae (Agamas)

● Family Chamaeleonidae (Chameleons)

● Family Iguanidae (Iguanas)

● Family Corytophanidae (Casquehead Lizards)

● Family Crotaphytidae (Collared and Leopard Lizards)

● Family Hoplocercidae

● Family Opluridae (Madagascar iguanids)

● Family Phrynosomatidae (Earless, Spiny, Tree, Side-blotched and Horned Lizards)

● Family Polychrotidae (Anoles)

● Family Tropiduridae (Neotropical Ground Lizards)

Agamidae

Family Chamaeleonidae

Family Iguanidae

Family Crotaphytidae

Family Phrynosomatidae

Family Polychrotidae

Infraorder Gekkota

● Family Gekkonidae (Geckos)● Family Eublepharidae (Eyelid Geckos)● Family Pygopodidae (Legless Lizards)● Family Dibamidae (Blind Lizards)

● Gekko japonicus (Japanese Gecko, 도마뱀붙이)

Infraorder Scincomorpha

● Family Cordylidae (Spinytail Lizards)● Family Gerrhosauridae● Family Gymnophthalmidae (Spectacled

Lizards)● Family Teiidae (Whiptails and Tegus)● Family Lacertidae (Wall Lizards)● Family Scincidae (Skinks)● Family Xantusiidae (Night Lizards)

Family Lacertidae

● Eremias argus (Mongolian Racerunner, 표범장지뱀)

● Takydromus amurensis (Amur Grass Lizard, 아무르장지뱀)

● Takydromus aureralis (장지뱀)

● Takydromus wolteri (Wolter Lizard, 줄장지뱀)

Family Scincidae

● Eumeces Chinensis (Korean Skink, 장수도마뱀)

● Scincella huanrenensis (Huanren Dwarf Skink, 북도마뱀)

● Scincella laterale (도마뱀)

● Scincella vandenburghi (도마뱀)

Family Teiidae

Infraorder Diploglossa

● Family Anguidae (Glass Lizards and Alligator Lizards)

● Family Anniellidae (American Legless lizards)● Family Xenosauridae (Knob-scaled Lizards)

Family Anguidae

Infraorder Platynota (Varanoidea)

● Family Helodermatidae (Gila Monsters)● Family Lanthanotidae (Earless Monitor lizards)● Family Varanidae (Monitor Lizards)

Family Helodermatidae

Family Varanidae

Suborder Serpentes (snakes)

● Superfamily Typhlopoidea (Scolecophidia)● Superfamily Henophidia (Boidea)● Superfamily Xenophidia (Colubroidea =

Caenophidia)

Superfamily Typhlopoidea (Scolecophidia)

● Family Anomalepidae (Dawn Blind Snakes)● Family Typhlopidae (Blind Snakes)● Family Leptotyphlopidae/Glauconiidae (Slender

Blind Snakes)

Superfamily Henophidia (Boidea)● Family Aniliidae/Ilysiidae (Pipe Snakes)● Family Anomochilidae (Dwarf Pipe Snakes)● Family Boidae (Boas)● Family Bolyeridae (Round Island Boas)● Family Cylindrophiidae (Asian Pipe Snakes)● Family Erycinae (Sand Boas)● Family Loxocemidae (Mexican Burrowing Pythons)● Family Pythonidae (Pythons)● Family Tropidophiidae (Woodsnakes)● Family Uropeltidae (Short-tail Snakes)● Family Xenopeltidae (Sunbeam Snakes)

Family Erycinae

Family Boidae

Family Pythonidae

Superfamily Xenophidia (Colubroidea = Caenophidia)

● Family Acrochordidae (File Snakes)● Family Atractaspididae (Mole Vipers)● Family Colubridae (Colubrids)● Family Elapidae (Cobras, Kraits, Coral Snakes)● Family Hydrophiidae (Sea Snakes)● Family Viperidae (Vipers and Pit Vipers)

Family Acrochordidae

Family Colubridae

Family Colubridae

● Coluber spinalis (Slender Racer, 실뱀)

● Dinodon rufozonatus (Red Banded Odd-Tooth Snake, 능구렁이)

● Elaphe dione (Dione Ratsnake, 누룩뱀)

● Oocatochus rufodorsatus (Red Backed Ratsnake, 무자치)

● Elaphe schrenckii (Russian Ratsnake, 구렁이)

● Rhabdophis tigrinus (Tiger Keelback Snake, 꽃뱀)

● Sibynophis chinensis (Chinese Mountain Snake, )

● Sibynophis collaris (Black-Headed Snake, 비바리뱀)

● Zamenis spinalis (Tape Snake, 실뱀)

● Amphiesma vibakari (Asian Keelback snake, 대륙유혈목이)

Family Elapidae

Family Hydrophiidae

● Hydrophis cyanocinctus (Banded Sea Snake, 얼룩바다뱀)

● Hydrophis melanocepfalus (Black Headed Sea Snake, 먹대가리바다뱀)

● Pelamis platulus (Pelagic Sea Snake, 바다뱀)

Family Viperidae

● Gloydius brevicaudus (Siberian Pit Viper, Mamushi, 살모사)

● Gloydius saxatilus (Korean Magpie Viper, 까치살모사)

● Gloydius ussuriensis (Red-tongue viper, 쇠살모사)

Suborder Amphisbaenia (amphisbaenians)

● Suborder Amphisbaenia (amphisbaenians)– Family Amphisbaenidae (Worm Lizards)

– Family Trogonophidae (Shorthead Worm Lizards)

– Family Bipedidae (Two-legged Worm Lizards)

Subclass Archosauria

● Order Crocodylia– Suborder Eusuchia

● Family Crocodylidae (Crocodiles, 13 species)● Family Alligatoridae (Alligators, 8 species)● Family Gavialidae (Gharials, 2 species)

Class Amphibia

● Subclass Lissamphibia– Superorder Salientia

● Order Anura (Frogs and Toads, 5,453 species)● Order Caudata or Urodela (Salamanders and Newts, 560

species)● Order Gymnophiona or Apoda (Caecilians, 171 Species)

Order Anura

● Suborder Archaeobatrachia● Suborder Mesobatrachia● Suborder Neobatrachia

Suborder Archaeobatrachia

● Family Leiopelmatidae (Tailed Frogs and New Zealand Primitive Frogs, 6 species)

● Family Bombinatoridae (Fire-Bellied Toads, 8 species)

● Family Alytidae or Discoglossidae (Disc-Tongued Frogs, 11 species)

Family Bombinatoridae

● Bombina orientalis (Fire Bellied Toad, 무당개구리)

Suborder Mesobatrachia

● Family Megophryidae (Asian Toads, 138 species)

● Family Pelobatidae (European Spadefoot Toads, 4 species)

● Family Pelodytidae (Parsley Frogs, 3 species)

● Family Scaphiopodidae (American Spadefoot Toads, 7 species)

● Family Rhinophrynidae (Mexican Burrowing Toad, 1 species)

● Family Pipidae (Tongueless Frogs, 32 species)

Family Megophryidae

Family Scaphiopodidae

Family Pipidae

Suborder Neobatrachia

● Superfamily Bufonoidea● Superfamily Dendrobatoidea

– Family Aromobatidae

– Family Dendrobatidae

● Superfamily Hyloidea● Superfamily Microhyloidea● Superfamily Ranoidea

Suborder Neobatrachia

● Family Aromobatidae (94 species)

● Family Arthroleptidae (Squeker Frogs, 133 species)

● Family Brachycephalidae (41 species)

● Family Bufonidae (True Toads, 514 species)

● Family Centrolenidae (147 species)

● Family Dendrobatidae (Poison Arrow Frogs, 53 species)

● Family Heleophrynidae (6 species)

Family Arthroleptidae

Family Bufonidae

● Bufo gargarizans (Asian toad, 두꺼비)

● Bufo stejnegeri (Water toad, 물두꺼비)

Family Dendrobatidae

Suborder Neobatrachia

● Family Hemisotidae (9 species)

● Family Hylidae (Treefrogs, 856 species)

● Family Hyperoliidae (207 species)

● Family Leptodactylidae (1100 species)*

● Family Limnodynastidae (44 species)

● Family Mantellidae (Mantellas, 174 species)

● Family Microhylidae (Narrow Mouth Frogs, 431 species)

Family Hylidae

● Hyla japonica (Japanese treefrog, 청개구리)

● Hyla suweonenssis (Suweon treefrog, 수원청개구리)

Family LeptodactylidaeEleutherodactylus

Coqui

Family Microhylidae

● Kaloula borealis (Narrow-mouth toad, 맹꽁이)

Family Mantellidae

Suborder Neobatrachia

● Family Myobatrachidae (83 species)

● Family Petropedetidae (16 species)

● Family Ranidae (True Frogs, 329 species)

● Family Rhacophoridae (Moss Frogs, 290 species)

● Family Rhinodermatidae (1 species)

● Family Sooglossidae (5 species)

Family Myobatrachidae

Family Ranidae

● Rana coreana (Amur brown Frog, 아무르산개구리)

● Rana huarenensis (Stream brown frog, 계곡산개구리)

● Rana dybowskii (Dybowski's Brown Frog, 북방산개구리)

● Pelophylax nigromaculata (Black-spotted Pond Frog, 참개구리)

● Pelophylax chosenicus (Gold-spotted pond frog, 금개구리)

● Lithobates catesbeianus (Bullfrog, 황소개구리)

● Glandirana emeljanovi (Wrinkled Frog, 옴개구리)

Family Rhacophoridae

Order Caudata

● Suborder Cryptobranchoidea (Giant Salamanders)

● Suborder Salamandroidea (Advanced Salamanders)

● Suborder Sirenoidea (Sirens)

Suborder Cryptobranchoidea

● Family Cryptobranchidae (Giant salamanders, 4 species)

● Family Hynobiidae (Asiatic salamanders, 50 species)

Family Hynobiidae

● Hynobius leachii (Korea Salamander, 도룡뇽)

● Hynobius quelpartensis (Cheju Salamander, 제주도롱뇽)

● Hynobius yangi (Kori Salamander, 고리도롱뇽)

● Onychodactylus fischeri (Long Tailed Clawed Salamander, 꼬리치레도롱뇽)

Suborder Salamandroidea

● Family Ambystomatidae (Mole salamanders, 32 species)

● Family Amphiumidae (Amphiumas and Congo Eels, 3 species)

● Family Dicamptodontidae (Pacific Giant Salamanders, 4 species)

● Family Plethodontidae (Lungless salamanders, 380 species)

● Family Proteidae (Mudpuppies and Olms, 6 species)

● Family Rhyacotritonidae (Torrent Salamanders, 4 species)

● Family Salamandridae (Newts and True Salamanders, 74 species)

Family Ambystomatidae

Family Plethodontidae

● Karsenia koreana (Korean Crevice Salamander, 이끼도롱뇽)

Family Salamandridae

Suborder Sirenoidea

● Family Sirenidae (Sirens, 4 species)

Order Gymnophiona

● Family Rhinatrematidae (Beaked Caecilians, 9 species)

● Family Ichthyophiidae (Fish Caecilians, 39 species)

● Family Uraeotyphlidae (Indian Caecilians, 5 species)

● Family Scolecomorphidae (Tropical Caecilians, 6 species)

● Family Typhlonectidae (Aquatic Caecilians 13 species)

● Family Caeciliidae (Common Caecilians, 99 species)