reporting category: matter and energy 7 chemistry lessons

Reporting Category: Matter and Energy

7 Chemistry Lessons

Let’s Color-Code YourPeriodic Table of Elements

GROUP E R I O D

= the # of protons & electrons

= identity of the atom

Let’s Color-Code YourPeriodic Table of Elements

M E T A L S

NON-METALS

8.(5)B Matter and energy. The student knows that matter is composed of atoms and has chemical and physical properties. The student is expected to: identify that protons determine an element's identity and valence electrons determine its chemical properties, including reactivity; (Readiness Standard)

• The number of protons is equal to the Atomic Number which identifies the element on the Periodic Table of Elements

• An element with 6 protons has:– An Atomic Number of: – And its identity would be:

6Carbon




11Sodium




26Iron


• Valence (outer) electrons determine properties such as reactivity and stability

• Reactivity refers to the atoms readiness or likeliness to bond with other atoms

• Chemical bonding is when elements join together.

• In bonding, atoms try to fill their outer shell of valence electrons either by gaining, giving away or sharing electrons.


• To determine the number of valence electrons in an atom


• Atoms bond using the octet rule• The octet rule says that atoms tend to gain,

lose or share electrons so as to have eight electrons in their outer electron shell.

• (It is a very useful rule but there are always exceptions to the rule. For now, the octet rule applies.)


• You can use the Lewis Dot Diagram to help predict how atoms will react or bond using the octet rule – it shows the number of valence electrons for each element


• Describe the reactive property of atoms if you start on the 2nd row on the left side of the periodic chart and move to the right?

• Then move to the next row or period. Does the pattern repeat?Li has 1 valence electron (not even close to the octet rule so it is VERY reactive)

Ne has 8 valence electron (completing the octet rule so it is NOT reactive)

8.(5)B Matter and energy. The student knows that matter is composed of atoms and has chemical and physical properties. The student is expected to: identify that protons determine an element's identity and valence electrons determine its chemical properties, including reactivity; (Readiness Standard) • This repeating pattern is called a “periodic” property which is how the Periodic Table of Elements got

its name. • Atoms on the left side of the chart are VERY reactive and become less reactive as you move to the

right until they are NOT reactive in the last family or group on the right side of the chart• You can predict the properties of an atom if you know its location on the Periodic Table.

VERYreactive

NOTreactive

8.(5)B Matter and energy. The student knows that matter is composed of atoms and has chemical and physical properties. The student is expected to: identify that protons determine an element's identity and valence electrons determine its chemical properties, including reactivity; (Readiness Standard) • So atoms or elements in the same group will have similar properties especially with

regards to reactivity• You can predict the properties of an atom if you know its location on the Periodic

Table.

VERY reactiveVERY reactivereactive reactive reactive less reactiveless reactiveNOT reactive


• According to the octet rule, which side of the periodic chart is more reactive (ready to bond)?

MOREreactive


• According to the octet rule, which side of the periodic chart is least reactive (least likely to bond)?

NOTreactive


• This repeating pattern is called a “periodic” property which is how the Periodic Table of Elements got its name.

• Can you think of any other definitely repeating, periodic patterns that occur in nature?– Seasons (Spring, Summer, Fall, & Winter – ALWAYS occur in the same

order/definite repeating, periodic pattern)– Phases of the Moon– ALWAYS occur in the same order/definite

repeating, periodic pattern– Tides – ALWAYS occur in the same order/definite repeating, periodic

pattern– Daytime & Nighttime – ALWAYS occur in the same order/definite

repeating, periodic pattern• Periodic properties help you predict what comes next.

8.(5)F Matter and energy. The student knows that matter is composed of atoms and has chemical and physical properties. The student is expected to: recognize whether a chemical equation containing coefficients is balanced or not and how that relates to the law of conservation of mass. (Supporting Standard)

•The coefficient tells you how many molecules are present for a given formula.

•How many water molecules are represented here? 6


•To determine the number of atoms of an element in an equation, multiply the coefficient times the subscript number.•How many Hydrogen atoms are present in 6 water molecules represented here?

12

23

4 51

6 7 89 10 11 12


• The Law of Conservation of Mass states that mass is not created or destroyed, it simply changes form.


• The Law of Conservation of Mass is used to determine is a chemical equation is balanced

• Simply count the number of each type of atoms/elements to make sure you end up with the same number of each that you started with

• Let’s practice


• Practice recognizing whether or not chemical equations with coefficients are balanced– Practice Problem A– Practice Problem B– Practice Problem C

http://www.educreations.com/lesson/view/balancing-practice-a/655880/

7.(6)A Matter and energy. The student knows that matter has physical and chemical properties and can undergo physical and chemical changes. The student is expected to: identify that organic compounds contain carbon and other elements such as hydrogen, oxygen, phosphorus, nitrogen, or sulfur; (Supporting Standard)

• Use SPONCH CaFe to remember the organic elements

Ca – stands for calcium and Fe stands for iron


• Organic compounds are found in living or once living organisms

• All living things have:– DNA (nucleic acid) which contain genetic

material/instructions for “building” the organism– Carbohydrates to store energy for carrying on life functions– Proteins to translate DNA information into cell products

and act as enzymes for chemical reactions in the organism– Lipids also store energy and chlorophyll which is essential

to “producers”


Molecule Sub Unit Contains

Nucleic Acid (DNA) Nucleotide (DNA) C, H, O, N

Which element is at the centerof most of the connections?

CarbonWhat are the other elementsin this organic compound? Hydrogen (H), Oxygen (O), & Nitrogen (N)



Carbohydrates Sugar C, H, O





Proteins Amino acid C, H, O, N(sometimes S)





Lipids Fatty acid C, H, O(sometimes P & N)


CarbonWhat are the other elementsin this organic compound? Hydrogen (H) &Oxygen (O)


• What is the significance of the term “carbon-based life forms”?

• Carbon is the main linking connection in all organic compounds required for life functions

• Carbon has 4 valence electrons which means its bonds easily which other


What are the other elements in organic compounds?

Sulfur (S), Phosphorus (P), Hydrogen (H), Oxygen (O), Nitrogen (N), Calcium (Ca), and Iron (Fe)


• Use SPONCH CaFe to remember the organic elements

Ca – stands for calcium and Fe stands for iron

6.(5)C Matter and energy. The student knows the differences between elements and compounds. The student is expected: differentiate between elements and compounds on the most basic level; (Supporting Standard)

• An element is made up of one kind of atom and is represented by the symbol for the atom (EXAMPLE: O is the symbol for the element oxygen)

• A compound is made of two or more kinds of atoms (EXAMPLE: H2O is the chemical formula for water)

• Identifying Substances activity & Foldable activity

6.(6)A Matter and energy. The student knows matter has physical properties that can be used for classification. The student is expected to: compare metals, nonmetals, and metalloids using physical properties such as luster, conductivity, or malleability; (Supporting Standard)

• Metals – shiny, malleable, ductile, conductors of heat & electricity

• Nonmetals – are NOT shiny, malleable, ductile, conductors of heat & electricity

• Metalloids – have some properties of metals & some properties of nonmetals

• Metals, Nonmetals, & Metalloids Lab• Foldable activity

6.(6)B Matter and energy. The student knows matter has physical properties that can be used for classification. The student is expected to: calculate density to identify an unknown substance; (Supporting Standard)

• Density is the amount of matter in a given space

• The formula for density is D = m/vDensity = mass ÷ volume

• BB Density Lab ( with zinc, steel, & copper bbs)

Chemistry Vocabulary

• Use this link to learn and study the Chemistry Vocabulary terms

• There are a few different ways to study these words – look around the site to see the different modes for study the vocabulary

http://quizlet.com/10620489/chemistry-vocabulary-flash-cards/

Sources• Carbon - http://climate.nasa.gov/kids/bigQuestions/dinosaurFossilFuel/• SPONCH Ca Fé -

http://www.learner.org/courses/essential/life/session8/closer3.html• Octet Rule - http://dl.clackamas.cc.or.us/ch104-08/octet.htm• Periodic Table of Elements:

http://www.periodic-table.org.uk/metalloids.htm• Clip art from: http://dogfoose.com/

http://climate.nasa.gov/kids/bigQuestions/dinosaurFossilFuel/

http://www.learner.org/courses/essential/life/session8/closer3.html

http://dl.clackamas.cc.or.us/ch104-08/octet.htm

http://www.periodic-table.org.uk/metalloids.htm

http://dogfoose.com/

reporting category: matter and energy 7 chemistry lessons

Documents