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Hacia un Contrato Social con la Previsión en Chile EL DERECHO A UNA VIDA DIGNA EN LA VEJEZ REPORT OF THE PRESIDENTIAL ADVISORY COUNCIL FOR PENSION REFORM MARIO MARCEL, Chairman LABOUR MARKET AND PENSION SYSTEM: THE INCLUSION OF NON-WAGE EARNERS Seminar Reforming Pension Reform Regional Operations Department I, Inter- American Development Bank Washington D.C., November 27, 2006

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Page 1: REPORT OF THE PRESIDENTIAL ADVISORY COUNCIL FOR PENSION REFORM MARIO MARCEL, Chairman LABOUR MARKET AND PENSION SYSTEM: THE INCLUSION OF NON-WAGE EARNERS

Hacia un Contrato Social con la Previsión en ChileEL DERECHO A UNA VIDA DIGNA EN LA VEJEZ

REPORT OF THE PRESIDENTIAL ADVISORY COUNCIL FOR PENSION REFORM

MARIO MARCEL, Chairman

LABOUR MARKET AND PENSION SYSTEM: THE INCLUSION OF NON-WAGE EARNERS

Seminar Reforming Pension Reform

Regional Operations Department I, Inter-American Development Bank

Washington D.C., November 27, 2006

Page 2: REPORT OF THE PRESIDENTIAL ADVISORY COUNCIL FOR PENSION REFORM MARIO MARCEL, Chairman LABOUR MARKET AND PENSION SYSTEM: THE INCLUSION OF NON-WAGE EARNERS

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0%

10%

20%

30%

40%

50%

60%

70%

80%

90%

1986 1988 1990 1992 1994 1996 1998 2000 2002 2004

Co

tiza

nte

s A

FP

/Ocu

pad

os

Independientes Asalariados

Source: Superintendencia de AFP and INE

Unfulfilled expectations: coverage

AFP contributors/employed

Dependant vs Self Employed

Page 3: REPORT OF THE PRESIDENTIAL ADVISORY COUNCIL FOR PENSION REFORM MARIO MARCEL, Chairman LABOUR MARKET AND PENSION SYSTEM: THE INCLUSION OF NON-WAGE EARNERS

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Unfulfilled expectations: coverage

Page 4: REPORT OF THE PRESIDENTIAL ADVISORY COUNCIL FOR PENSION REFORM MARIO MARCEL, Chairman LABOUR MARKET AND PENSION SYSTEM: THE INCLUSION OF NON-WAGE EARNERS

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Contribution densities by gender

Source: Arenas de Mesa, Berhman y Bravo (2004), on the basis of SPS

Unfulfilled expectations: coverage

Page 5: REPORT OF THE PRESIDENTIAL ADVISORY COUNCIL FOR PENSION REFORM MARIO MARCEL, Chairman LABOUR MARKET AND PENSION SYSTEM: THE INCLUSION OF NON-WAGE EARNERS

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Reform targets

Page 6: REPORT OF THE PRESIDENTIAL ADVISORY COUNCIL FOR PENSION REFORM MARIO MARCEL, Chairman LABOUR MARKET AND PENSION SYSTEM: THE INCLUSION OF NON-WAGE EARNERS

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Inclusion of non-wage earners

• Assessment: asymetric treatment of wage and non-wage earners; non-wage earners do not contribute voluntarily

• Proposal: integrate non-wage earners to the capitalization regime with same rights and obligations

• Related goals: universal coverage, increase replacement rate, reduce replacement rate gaps

• Main purpose is to give all workers same treatment on pensions

Page 7: REPORT OF THE PRESIDENTIAL ADVISORY COUNCIL FOR PENSION REFORM MARIO MARCEL, Chairman LABOUR MARKET AND PENSION SYSTEM: THE INCLUSION OF NON-WAGE EARNERS

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• Provide equal access to benefits:– Child benefit, work injury insurance– Old age, disability benefits– Equal tax treatment of contributions

• Compulsory affiliation:– Requisite for benefits– 5 year transition to apply incentives, educate, facilitate

contribution

• Pension fund contribution of unemployed during period claiming unemployment insurance

• Government subsidy of 50% of social security contributions for the first 24 months of effective contribution of low-income new affiliates

Inclusion of non-wage earners

Page 8: REPORT OF THE PRESIDENTIAL ADVISORY COUNCIL FOR PENSION REFORM MARIO MARCEL, Chairman LABOUR MARKET AND PENSION SYSTEM: THE INCLUSION OF NON-WAGE EARNERS

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• Main advantages:– Increase density of contributions

• Risks:– Informalization

• Enabling conditions:– Formalization of non-wage earners– Mixed work trajectories– Improved collection methods– Support from self-employed workers’ organizations

Inclusion of non-wage earners

Page 9: REPORT OF THE PRESIDENTIAL ADVISORY COUNCIL FOR PENSION REFORM MARIO MARCEL, Chairman LABOUR MARKET AND PENSION SYSTEM: THE INCLUSION OF NON-WAGE EARNERS

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Patrimonio según categoría de trabajadores (Miles de $)

0

5000

10000

15000

20000

25000

30000

35000

40000

45000

50000

Baja Densidad NoIndep.

Independientes No Afiliados Alta Densidad NoIndep.

Percentil 25 Mediana Percentil 75 Percentil 90

Notas: La categoría independiente corresponde a todos los afiliados al sistema de pensiones que reportan tener 50% o más de los meses trabajados en dicha categoría. Los afiliados no independientes, a su vez, se dividen en un grupo de baja y otro de alta densidad, usando como definición el tener menos e igual o más de 50% de densidad de cotizaciones en su historia laboral, respectivamente.El valor del patrimonio se obtiene a partir de la suma, para cada individuo y su cónyuge, encuestado en la EPS 2004, de los valores autoreportados para la vivienda y bienes raíces (descontando la deuda hipotecaria vigente) más el valor neto de vehículos, ahorros e inversiones, maquinarias y equipos y negocios, menos las deudas.Fuente: Elaboración en base a la Encuesta de Protección Social 2004. Tomado de Bravo, Behrman, Mitchell y Todd (2006)

Alternative saving strategies

Page 10: REPORT OF THE PRESIDENTIAL ADVISORY COUNCIL FOR PENSION REFORM MARIO MARCEL, Chairman LABOUR MARKET AND PENSION SYSTEM: THE INCLUSION OF NON-WAGE EARNERS

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Instrumentos de ahorro según categoría de trabajadores

(Proporción que reporta tener alguno de los siguientes ahorros o inversiones)

0%

2%

4%

6%

8%

10%

12%

14%

Baja Densidad Independientes No Afiliados Alta Densidad

Ahorro para la Vivienda Ahorro AFV (vivienda) Ahorro Previsional APV Ahorro en cuenta 2

Cuenta de Ahorro Banco Depósitos a Plazo Fondos Mutuos Acciones/Bonos

Préstamos a terceros Otros Ahorros

Nota: La categoría independiente corresponde a todos los afiliados al sistema de pensiones que reportan tener 50% o más de los meses trabajados en dicha categoría. Los afiliados no independientes, a su vez, se dividen en un grupo de baja y otro de alta densidad, usando como definición el tener menos e igual o más de 50% de densidad de cotizaciones en su historia laboral, respectivamente.Fuente: Elaboración en base a la Encuesta de Protección Social 2004. Tomado de Bravo, Behrman, Mitchell y Todd (2006)

Alternative saving strategies

Page 11: REPORT OF THE PRESIDENTIAL ADVISORY COUNCIL FOR PENSION REFORM MARIO MARCEL, Chairman LABOUR MARKET AND PENSION SYSTEM: THE INCLUSION OF NON-WAGE EARNERS

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Expected results

Page 12: REPORT OF THE PRESIDENTIAL ADVISORY COUNCIL FOR PENSION REFORM MARIO MARCEL, Chairman LABOUR MARKET AND PENSION SYSTEM: THE INCLUSION OF NON-WAGE EARNERS

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Integrated system

APV

PMG

PASIS

PILARCONTRIBUTIVO

PILARVO LU N TAR IO

PILARC O N TR IBU TIVO

PILARSO LID AR IO