report anganwadi research final feb10

7/31/2019 Report Anganwadi Research Final Feb10

1/14

NNEEDEED GGAPAP AANALYSISNALYSIS

ININ AANGANWADISNGANWADIS

Survey Report of Conditions at Anganwadis in BangaloreSurvey Report of Conditions at Anganwadis in Bangalore

(Study done by Student volunteers of Child Rights And You)(Study done by Student volunteers of Child Rights And You)


2/14

RESEARCH GROUP

Data Collection and Survey:

Students from Mount Carmel College:

1. Mayuri M

2. Jennifer Shalini

3. Srishti Gupta

4. Poonam Sharma

5. Andria Mendez

6. Harshitha Raju

7. Shruti Pawar

8. Nikita suresh

9. Monica K.

10. Elizabeth Rebello

11. Deepika Chandran

12. Sushmita Sudharshan

Students from St Josephs College, (Department of Social

Work)

1. Gayly Lalrinmawii

2. Subhashree Panigrahi

3. Harshini Rebeca

Report compilation by Blossom (XIME) and Sanjana Govil (NLS)

2


3/14

TABLE OF CONTENTS

Services provided by the AWC (7) ................................................................................5

Objectives of AWC Services (8) ....................................................................................5

ANGANWADI QUESTIONNAIRE ...........................................................................11

COMMUNITY QUESTIONNAIRE ...........................................................................13

3


4/14

INTRODUCTION

The Integrated Child Development Services (ICDS) Scheme is the world's

largest early child development program (1). Integrated Child Development Services

(ICDS) is the only major national program that addresses the needs of children under

the age of six years. Because the health and nutrition needs of a child cannot be

addressed in isolation from those of his or her mother, the program also extends to

adolescent girls, pregnant women and nursing mothers (2). It was initiated in 1975 as a

small beginning in 33 blocks in the country. Universalization of the ICDS was

originally contemplated to be achieved by the end of 1995-96, through the expansion of

services all over the country (3).

ICDS services are provided through a vast network of ICDS centres, better

known as Anganwadis. The term Anganwadi' developed from the idea that a good

early child care and development centre could be run with low cost local materials even

when located in an angan or courtyard (4). The Anganwadi (AW), literally a

courtyard play centre, is a childcare centre located within the village or the slum area

itself. It is the focal point for the delivery of services at community levels to children

below six years of age, pregnant women, nursing mothers and adolescent girls. Besides

this, the AW is a meeting ground where womens/mothers groups can come together,

with other frontline workers, to promote awareness and joint action for child

development and womens empowerment. All the ICDS services are provided through

the AW in an integrated manner to enhance their impact on childcare. Each AW is run

by an Anganwadi Worker (AWW) supported by a helper in integrated service delivery,

and improved linkages with the health system - thus increasing the capacity of

community and women - especially mothers - for childcare, survival and development(5). There are 8.3 lakh operational Anganwadis in India, as of 31st March, 2007.

The Supreme Court judgment of 13th December, 2006 states that settlements

with at least 40 children under six but no Anganwadi are entitled to an Anganwadi on

demand within three months of the date of demand(6)

4


5/14

Services provided by the AWC (7)

1. Supplementary Nutrition in the form of one cooked meal a day for at least 300

days in a year children between the ages of 6 months to 6 years, pregnant

mothers, lactating mothers ad adolescent girls (between the ages of 15 and 18).

2. Immunization to children under the age of six and pregnant women.

3. Health check-up to children under the age of six and pregnant women.

4. Referral services to beneficiaries who are severely malnourished or suffer from

any other ailment that requires medical attention.

5. Nutrition and Health Education to mothers and Adolescent Girls.

6. Non-formal pre-school education to 3 years 6 years children.

Objectives of AWC Services(8)

To improve the nutritional and health status of children of age group 0-6 years.

To lay the foundation for proper Psychological, Physical and Social

development of the child.

To reduce the incidence of Mortality, Morbidity, Malnutrition and School

dropouts.

To achieve effective co-ordination of policy and implementation amongst the

various departments to promote child development and

To enhance the capacity of mother to look after normal health and nutritional

needs of the child through proper nutrition and health education

(1), (3) http://www.ispub.com/ostia/index.php?

xmlFilePath=journals/ijnw/vol5n2/icds.xml. last visited on feb7,2009

(2),(6)http://www.righttofoodindia.org/data/icds06primer.pdf.

(5), (7), (8) http://anganwadi.ap.nic.in/icds.html last visited on feb7, 2009

5
http://www.ispub.com/ostia/index.php?xmlFilePath=journals/ijnw/vol5n2/icds.xmlhttp://www.ispub.com/ostia/index.php?xmlFilePath=journals/ijnw/vol5n2/icds.xmlhttp://www.righttofoodindia.org/data/icds06primer.pdfhttp://www.righttofoodindia.org/data/icds06primer.pdfhttp://anganwadi.ap.nic.in/icds.html%20last%20visited%20on%20feb7http://anganwadi.ap.nic.in/icds.html%20last%20visited%20on%20feb7http://www.ispub.com/ostia/index.php?xmlFilePath=journals/ijnw/vol5n2/icds.xmlhttp://www.ispub.com/ostia/index.php?xmlFilePath=journals/ijnw/vol5n2/icds.xmlhttp://www.righttofoodindia.org/data/icds06primer.pdfhttp://anganwadi.ap.nic.in/icds.html%20last%20visited%20on%20feb7


6/14

OBJECTIVE AND METHODOLOGY

Objective of the Study: Need gap analysis of Right to Food in the anganwadis in

Bangalore.

Methodology: A sample size of 50 Anganwadis was selected in North, South and

central Bangalore. Two questionnaires, one for the anganwadi and another for the

community in each area were administered. A face-to-face interview was done with the

children, their parents, community members and teachers and helpers of the anganwadi.

FIELD WORK AND ANALYSIS

From a survey conducted of nearly 50 Anganwadis in Bangalore, it is noted that

in 17 Anganwadis, only 2 slices of bread or 1 bun are given to each child every day.

According to Supreme Court orders, a cooked meal should be provided to children

between 6 months to 6 years, which contains a minimum of 300 calories. One slice of

white bread contains only 60 calories (1), while one bun contains 175 calories

(2).Hence, at these 17 Anganwadis children get at maximum only 180 calories instead

of the 300 ordered by the Supreme Court. Also the 8-10 grams of protein to be provided

in accordance with Supreme Court orders is not being provided at these 17 Anganwadis

which is more than one third of the Anganwadis surveyed. Additionally, 2 slices of

bread cost less than Rs.1.50 at retail price. Thus, the Government at these Anganwadis

is not spending even the stipulated Rs.2 per child for meals to be provided at

Anganwadis.

Forty one percent of children at 20 of 49 Anganwadis are devoid of the basicfacility of drinking water. Also 25 out of 45 or more than half of Anganwadis do

not have any toilet facility, which reflects even more on the pathetic condition of the

Anganwadis. At 21 out of 48 Anganwadis (i.e., 44%) there is no provision of lights and

at 39 out of 49 Anganwadis (i.e., 80%) there is no provision of fans though the

Anganwadis stay open after noon when it can get hot especially in summer months. The

National Commission for Protection of Child Rights has recommended that all

Anganwadis should have at least toilet and water facilities (3). Seeing as the Budget

6


7/14

2008-2009 sanctioned enough money to the ICDS to construct 10.52 lakh Anganwadis,

the resources to improve infrastructure are available (4).

At 11 out of 49 Anganwadis (i.e., more than one-fifth), study material is not

being provided to children that can severely affect their learning. Also adding to this is

the fact that at more than one fifth of the Anganwadis people complained that the

teacher was not regular. At 15 out of 49 (i.e., 30%) of Anganwadis there are no

blackboards and at 13 out of 49 (i.e., more than one-fourth) of Anganwadis there are no

chalks provided.

Of the 149 families surveyed in 21 communities there are about 308 children of

whom 228 are going either to School or to the Anganwadi.

At 28, 16, 2 out of 49 Anganwadis the medium of instruction is Kannada,

Kannada & English, and Kannada & Tamil respectively. At 22 out of 49 of

communities, people are not aware of the facilities that should be provided by an

Anganwadi. So, where people do not have any complaints against the Anganwadi its

more due to the lack of awareness about the facilities that the Anganwadis should be

providing. People need to understand that ICDS is now an entitlement of all children

under six, and that they can help in making this right a reality. They also need to know

about the Supreme Court Orders. While its the responsibility of the government, at

many Anganwadis, NGOs are playing an important part by imparting education and

also providing food to the children.

(1) http://www.caloriescount.org/cgi-bin/calorie_calculator.cgi

(2) Sourced from: Hindustan Lever Limited, Modern Fruit Bun packaging.

(3)

http://www.ncpcr.gov.in/Reports/Report_of_the_Expert_Team_on_Action_Taken_by_t

he_District_Administration_on_suggestions_of_the_Commission_made_in_July_2007.

pdf

(4) http://infochangeindia.org/200803046961/Governance/News/Budget-2008-What-s-

in-it-for-children.html

7
http://www.caloriescount.org/cgi-bin/calorie_calculator.cgihttp://www.ncpcr.gov.in/Reports/Report_of_the_Expert_Team_on_Action_Taken_by_the_District_Administration_on_suggestions_of_the_Commission_made_in_July_2007.pdfhttp://www.ncpcr.gov.in/Reports/Report_of_the_Expert_Team_on_Action_Taken_by_the_District_Administration_on_suggestions_of_the_Commission_made_in_July_2007.pdfhttp://www.ncpcr.gov.in/Reports/Report_of_the_Expert_Team_on_Action_Taken_by_the_District_Administration_on_suggestions_of_the_Commission_made_in_July_2007.pdfhttp://www.caloriescount.org/cgi-bin/calorie_calculator.cgihttp://www.ncpcr.gov.in/Reports/Report_of_the_Expert_Team_on_Action_Taken_by_the_District_Administration_on_suggestions_of_the_Commission_made_in_July_2007.pdfhttp://www.ncpcr.gov.in/Reports/Report_of_the_Expert_Team_on_Action_Taken_by_the_District_Administration_on_suggestions_of_the_Commission_made_in_July_2007.pdfhttp://www.ncpcr.gov.in/Reports/Report_of_the_Expert_Team_on_Action_Taken_by_the_District_Administration_on_suggestions_of_the_Commission_made_in_July_2007.pdf


8/14

CONCLUSION

While an important step towards providing children with their right to food was

taken when the universalization of ICDS was included in the National Common

Minimum Programme of the UPA government in May 2004 (1), there are numerous

other problems which need to be solved before we can ensure that the future of India

that lies with these children is secure and bright. From the field work conducted, it is

abundantly clear that the original objectives of the scheme have not yet been met.

Appallingly, the quality of food provided at many Anganwadis is not enough to

improve the nutritional and health status of children, as the scheme envisioned. It is a

known fact that 80% brain growth takes place in the first six years. The amount spent in

many Anganwadis is much less than the stipulated amount of at least Rs.2 per child per

day. There were 8.3 lakh operational Anganwadis, as on 31 March 2007. Also, in

December, 2007 about 5.5 crore children were covered under the supplementary

nutrition component of the Anganwadi programme. This is barely one third of all

children below the age of six years. The Supreme Court explicitly directed the

government to expand the number of Anganwadis to 14 lakhs, to ensure that every

settlement is covered by end of December 2008 which has not been fulfilled.(2)

Proper Psychological, Physical and Social development of the child is hardly

possible without basic facilities like drinking water and toilets. The reason for this is

reflected in low budgets for these schemes. Low commitment to children under six has

led to low allocation of funds for ICDS. The total allocation for ICDS by the Central

Government in 2004-5 was a mere Rs 1,600 crores less than one tenth of one per cent

of Indias GDP. By contrast, in the same year, the Central Government spent Rs.77,000

crores on Defence. Although the budget allocation for ICDS has increased steadily in

recent years, and is now close to Rs 6300crores (4), this remains far from adequate to

improve quality and move rapidly towards universalization. The expenditure per child

needs to be doubled, at the very least, to achieve minimum quality standards. And of

course the budget needs to be doubled again, if not tripled, to achieve universal

coverage of all children. Not only is the overall budget low, the item-wise breakdown

also shows glaring inadequacies and imbalances. Even the expenditure norm for

supplementary nutrition was as low as Re. 0.95 per child per day (to be contributed

8


9/14

by the State Government) in 2004-5. The norm has since been doubled by the Central

Government, in response to Supreme Court orders.(5)

The most important reason for the gap between promise and reality is that the

rights and wellbeing of children under six are not a political priority. This is partly

because children are not voters. Additionally there is poor understanding about early

childhood across the country and in all strata of society. Not many are familiar with

scientific facts about the critical importance of early childhood in the development of a

human being. This has led to indifference and rampant neglect on the part of the

government, and also at the level of community involvement.(6)

The awareness levels in communities about all the services that should be

provided by Anganwadis are less. Community participation is an important element in

the design of ICDS. It can do a lot to help the effective functioning of Anganwadis. The

Supreme Court has directed the states that "Contractors shall not be used for supply of

nutrition in Anganwadis and preferably ICDS funds shall be spent by making use of

village communities, self-help groups and Mahila Mandals for buying of grains and

preparation of meals". But in 17 Anganwadis we found that Bread is provided by a

Private Company. Instead, the community members or other groups in these

communities can be mobilized and trained to run the supplementary nutrition program

and also monitor the anganwadis. Painting a list of the services that are supposed to be

provided under ICDS on the walls of the Anganwadi is also a useful way of making

sure that people are aware of their entitlements (3)

Making people aware of their rights, empowering them and helping them to

fight for their rights is the only way to ensure that Government continues to perform its

duties effectively and efficiently. (7) We have a long way to go before we can provide

every child in India even the fundamental rights he has. We have taken a step in this

direction, now we need to get our actions more focused and concentrated to achieve our

goals.

(1), (2), (3), (5), (6), (7) http://www.righttofoodindia.org/data/icds06primer.pdf.

(4) (http://www.cbec.gov.in/budget0809/bh1.pdf)

9
http://www.righttofoodindia.org/data/icds06primer.pdfhttp://www.cbec.gov.in/budget0809/bh1.pdfhttp://www.righttofoodindia.org/data/icds06primer.pdfhttp://www.cbec.gov.in/budget0809/bh1.pdf


10/14

BIBLIOGRAPHY

Hindustan Lever Limited, Modern Fruit Bun packaging

http://anganwadi.ap.nic.in/icds.html last visited on feb7, 2009 http://infochangeindia.org/200803046961/Governance/News/Budget-2008-

What-s-in-it-for-children.html

http://www.caloriescount.org/cgi-bin/calorie_calculator.cgi

http://www.cbec.gov.in/budget0809/bh1.pdf

http://www.ispub.com/ostia/index.php?

xmlFilePath=journals/ijnw/vol5n2/icds.xml. last visited on feb7,2009

http://www.ncpcr.gov.in/Reports/Report_of_the_Expert_Team_on_Action_Tak

en_by_the_District_Administration_on_suggestions_of_the_Commission_made

_in_July_2007.pdf

http://www.righttofoodindia.org/data/icds06primer.pdf.

http://www.righttofoodindia.org/data/icds06primer.pdf.

10
http://anganwadi.ap.nic.in/icds.html%20last%20visited%20on%20feb7http://anganwadi.ap.nic.in/icds.html%20last%20visited%20on%20feb7http://infochangeindia.org/200803046961/Governance/News/Budget-2008-What-s-in-it-for-children.htmlhttp://infochangeindia.org/200803046961/Governance/News/Budget-2008-What-s-in-it-for-children.htmlhttp://www.caloriescount.org/cgi-bin/calorie_calculator.cgihttp://www.cbec.gov.in/budget0809/bh1.pdfhttp://www.ispub.com/ostia/index.php?xmlFilePath=journals/ijnw/vol5n2/icds.xmlhttp://www.ispub.com/ostia/index.php?xmlFilePath=journals/ijnw/vol5n2/icds.xmlhttp://www.ncpcr.gov.in/Reports/Report_of_the_Expert_Team_on_Action_Taken_by_the_District_Administration_on_suggestions_of_the_Commission_made_in_July_2007.pdfhttp://www.ncpcr.gov.in/Reports/Report_of_the_Expert_Team_on_Action_Taken_by_the_District_Administration_on_suggestions_of_the_Commission_made_in_July_2007.pdfhttp://www.ncpcr.gov.in/Reports/Report_of_the_Expert_Team_on_Action_Taken_by_the_District_Administration_on_suggestions_of_the_Commission_made_in_July_2007.pdfhttp://www.righttofoodindia.org/data/icds06primer.pdfhttp://www.righttofoodindia.org/data/icds06primer.pdfhttp://anganwadi.ap.nic.in/icds.html%20last%20visited%20on%20feb7http://infochangeindia.org/200803046961/Governance/News/Budget-2008-What-s-in-it-for-children.htmlhttp://infochangeindia.org/200803046961/Governance/News/Budget-2008-What-s-in-it-for-children.htmlhttp://www.caloriescount.org/cgi-bin/calorie_calculator.cgihttp://www.cbec.gov.in/budget0809/bh1.pdfhttp://www.ispub.com/ostia/index.php?xmlFilePath=journals/ijnw/vol5n2/icds.xmlhttp://www.ispub.com/ostia/index.php?xmlFilePath=journals/ijnw/vol5n2/icds.xmlhttp://www.ncpcr.gov.in/Reports/Report_of_the_Expert_Team_on_Action_Taken_by_the_District_Administration_on_suggestions_of_the_Commission_made_in_July_2007.pdfhttp://www.ncpcr.gov.in/Reports/Report_of_the_Expert_Team_on_Action_Taken_by_the_District_Administration_on_suggestions_of_the_Commission_made_in_July_2007.pdfhttp://www.ncpcr.gov.in/Reports/Report_of_the_Expert_Team_on_Action_Taken_by_the_District_Administration_on_suggestions_of_the_Commission_made_in_July_2007.pdfhttp://www.righttofoodindia.org/data/icds06primer.pdfhttp://www.righttofoodindia.org/data/icds06primer.pdf


11/14

ANNEXURE 1

ANGANWADI QUESTIONNAIRE

Name of the Area : ___________________________________

Ward No. : _________________________________________

Name of the Slum : ___________________________________

Q1. Number of people working in the Anganwadi ____________________________

Q2. Number of students who have registered with Anganwadi _____

Q3. What is the regularity of children coming to Anganwadi?

_________________________________________________________________

Q4. What is being taught to the children at Anganwadi?

_________________________________________________________________

Q5. Basic Amenities

Basic Amenity Status Yes or

No

Frequency

1. Cleanliness

2. Maintenance

3. Study Material4. Blackboard

5. Chalks

6. Light

7. Fan

8. Drinking Water

9. Toilet Facility

Q6. Timings of the Anganwadi ___________________________________________

Q7. Is food being provided to the children? _________________

SNo. FOOD REMARKS

1. Quality

2. Quantity

3. Type

4. Regularity

11


12/14

5. Record

maintained

and its

frequency

6. Ration

Supply

Grams rice dal oil vege

table

Nutrition

supplement

Cooking

fuel

Others

Date

Date

Date

Date

Date

Date

Q8. What is the medium of instruction? ___________________________________

Q9. Is there any NGO Involved with the Anganwadi? If so, which one and what does

it do?

_________________________________________________________________

_________________________________________________________________

Q10. Building Details of the Anganwadi________________________________________________________________

Q 11. Officials Involved and how frequently they visit the anganwadi

1. CDPO Officer ____________________________________

2. Health Officer ____________________________________

3. Supervisor ____________________________________

4. Supplier ____________________________________

Q. Is the teacher maintaining punctuality and regularity in coming to the Anganwadi?

Reason:______________________________________________________________

_____________________________________________________________________

Q. Is the teacher supported by the Government or any other NGOs?

____________________________________________________________________

____________________________________________________________________

Q. Your Observations:

___________________________________________________________________

________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________

12


13/14

ANNEXURE 2

COMMUNITY QUESTIONNAIRE

Name of the Area:

Ward No:_____________________ Name of the Corporator (ex): ______________

Name of the slum:

How old is the slum?:

Population of the Community : ______________________

Religion of the Community : Dominant: ___________ Others:_____________

Language spoken by the Community : Dominant: ________Others:__________

Occupation of the community people : Dominant:_________Others:__________

Name of the Community Leaders : ______________________________

Q 1. Is any NGO involved with the community?

Q 2. If yes, what work does the NGO do?

_____________________________________________________________________

Q3. What is the average earning of a family in the community?

_________________________________________________________________

Q4. What is the total number of children in the community? ______________

Age Group No. of Children

0 6

6 14

14 18

Q5. Basic Amenities in the community

Water supply: Common Tap: ____________ Individual Tap:

Drinking water:

Drainage:

Road:

Street Light:

Toilet Facility: Common:______________Individual house:

Q6. Do the community people are aware of the services that should be provided by the

Anganwadi?

__________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________

13


14/14

Q5. Do you (each household) have ration cards?

Below Poverty Line card:

Above Poverty Line card:

Q 6.Complaints and Comments for the Anganwadi operating_________________________________________________________________

_________________________________________________________________

_________________________________________________________________

Q7. Household Survey

Family No. of

People

No. of

working

members

total

Income of

the

Household

No. of

children

No. of

children

going to

Anganwadi

/ School

No of

girl

children

No of girl

children

going to

anganwadi

/ School

Religion

and

Caste

the

family

belongsto

1.

2.

3.

4.

5.

6.

7.

8.

9.10.

General problems faced by the community people

______________________________________________________________________

______________________________________________________________________

______________________________________________________________________

______________________________________________________________________

______________________________________________________________________

________________________________________________________________

Experience and Suggestions by the community______________________________________________________________________

______________________________________________________________________

______________________________________________________________________

______________________________________________________________________

_________________________________________________________________

Observations:

______________________________________________________________________

______________________________________________________________________

______________________________________________________________________

__________________________________________________________________

14

report anganwadi research final feb10

Documents