Download - Report Anganwadi Research Final Feb10
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NNEEDEED GGAPAP AANALYSISNALYSIS
ININ AANGANWADISNGANWADIS
Survey Report of Conditions at Anganwadis in BangaloreSurvey Report of Conditions at Anganwadis in Bangalore
(Study done by Student volunteers of Child Rights And You)(Study done by Student volunteers of Child Rights And You)
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RESEARCH GROUP
Data Collection and Survey:
Students from Mount Carmel College:
1. Mayuri M
2. Jennifer Shalini
3. Srishti Gupta
4. Poonam Sharma
5. Andria Mendez
6. Harshitha Raju
7. Shruti Pawar
8. Nikita suresh
9. Monica K.
10. Elizabeth Rebello
11. Deepika Chandran
12. Sushmita Sudharshan
Students from St Josephs College, (Department of Social
Work)
1. Gayly Lalrinmawii
2. Subhashree Panigrahi
3. Harshini Rebeca
Report compilation by Blossom (XIME) and Sanjana Govil (NLS)
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TABLE OF CONTENTS
Services provided by the AWC (7) ................................................................................5
Objectives of AWC Services (8) ....................................................................................5
ANGANWADI QUESTIONNAIRE ...........................................................................11
COMMUNITY QUESTIONNAIRE ...........................................................................13
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INTRODUCTION
The Integrated Child Development Services (ICDS) Scheme is the world's
largest early child development program (1). Integrated Child Development Services
(ICDS) is the only major national program that addresses the needs of children under
the age of six years. Because the health and nutrition needs of a child cannot be
addressed in isolation from those of his or her mother, the program also extends to
adolescent girls, pregnant women and nursing mothers (2). It was initiated in 1975 as a
small beginning in 33 blocks in the country. Universalization of the ICDS was
originally contemplated to be achieved by the end of 1995-96, through the expansion of
services all over the country (3).
ICDS services are provided through a vast network of ICDS centres, better
known as Anganwadis. The term Anganwadi' developed from the idea that a good
early child care and development centre could be run with low cost local materials even
when located in an angan or courtyard (4). The Anganwadi (AW), literally a
courtyard play centre, is a childcare centre located within the village or the slum area
itself. It is the focal point for the delivery of services at community levels to children
below six years of age, pregnant women, nursing mothers and adolescent girls. Besides
this, the AW is a meeting ground where womens/mothers groups can come together,
with other frontline workers, to promote awareness and joint action for child
development and womens empowerment. All the ICDS services are provided through
the AW in an integrated manner to enhance their impact on childcare. Each AW is run
by an Anganwadi Worker (AWW) supported by a helper in integrated service delivery,
and improved linkages with the health system - thus increasing the capacity of
community and women - especially mothers - for childcare, survival and development(5). There are 8.3 lakh operational Anganwadis in India, as of 31st March, 2007.
The Supreme Court judgment of 13th December, 2006 states that settlements
with at least 40 children under six but no Anganwadi are entitled to an Anganwadi on
demand within three months of the date of demand(6)
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Services provided by the AWC (7)
1. Supplementary Nutrition in the form of one cooked meal a day for at least 300
days in a year children between the ages of 6 months to 6 years, pregnant
mothers, lactating mothers ad adolescent girls (between the ages of 15 and 18).
2. Immunization to children under the age of six and pregnant women.
3. Health check-up to children under the age of six and pregnant women.
4. Referral services to beneficiaries who are severely malnourished or suffer from
any other ailment that requires medical attention.
5. Nutrition and Health Education to mothers and Adolescent Girls.
6. Non-formal pre-school education to 3 years 6 years children.
Objectives of AWC Services(8)
To improve the nutritional and health status of children of age group 0-6 years.
To lay the foundation for proper Psychological, Physical and Social
development of the child.
To reduce the incidence of Mortality, Morbidity, Malnutrition and School
dropouts.
To achieve effective co-ordination of policy and implementation amongst the
various departments to promote child development and
To enhance the capacity of mother to look after normal health and nutritional
needs of the child through proper nutrition and health education
(1), (3) http://www.ispub.com/ostia/index.php?
xmlFilePath=journals/ijnw/vol5n2/icds.xml. last visited on feb7,2009
(2),(6)http://www.righttofoodindia.org/data/icds06primer.pdf.
(5), (7), (8) http://anganwadi.ap.nic.in/icds.html last visited on feb7, 2009
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http://www.ispub.com/ostia/index.php?xmlFilePath=journals/ijnw/vol5n2/icds.xmlhttp://www.ispub.com/ostia/index.php?xmlFilePath=journals/ijnw/vol5n2/icds.xmlhttp://www.righttofoodindia.org/data/icds06primer.pdfhttp://www.righttofoodindia.org/data/icds06primer.pdfhttp://anganwadi.ap.nic.in/icds.html%20last%20visited%20on%20feb7http://anganwadi.ap.nic.in/icds.html%20last%20visited%20on%20feb7http://www.ispub.com/ostia/index.php?xmlFilePath=journals/ijnw/vol5n2/icds.xmlhttp://www.ispub.com/ostia/index.php?xmlFilePath=journals/ijnw/vol5n2/icds.xmlhttp://www.righttofoodindia.org/data/icds06primer.pdfhttp://anganwadi.ap.nic.in/icds.html%20last%20visited%20on%20feb7 -
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OBJECTIVE AND METHODOLOGY
Objective of the Study: Need gap analysis of Right to Food in the anganwadis in
Bangalore.
Methodology: A sample size of 50 Anganwadis was selected in North, South and
central Bangalore. Two questionnaires, one for the anganwadi and another for the
community in each area were administered. A face-to-face interview was done with the
children, their parents, community members and teachers and helpers of the anganwadi.
FIELD WORK AND ANALYSIS
From a survey conducted of nearly 50 Anganwadis in Bangalore, it is noted that
in 17 Anganwadis, only 2 slices of bread or 1 bun are given to each child every day.
According to Supreme Court orders, a cooked meal should be provided to children
between 6 months to 6 years, which contains a minimum of 300 calories. One slice of
white bread contains only 60 calories (1), while one bun contains 175 calories
(2).Hence, at these 17 Anganwadis children get at maximum only 180 calories instead
of the 300 ordered by the Supreme Court. Also the 8-10 grams of protein to be provided
in accordance with Supreme Court orders is not being provided at these 17 Anganwadis
which is more than one third of the Anganwadis surveyed. Additionally, 2 slices of
bread cost less than Rs.1.50 at retail price. Thus, the Government at these Anganwadis
is not spending even the stipulated Rs.2 per child for meals to be provided at
Anganwadis.
Forty one percent of children at 20 of 49 Anganwadis are devoid of the basicfacility of drinking water. Also 25 out of 45 or more than half of Anganwadis do
not have any toilet facility, which reflects even more on the pathetic condition of the
Anganwadis. At 21 out of 48 Anganwadis (i.e., 44%) there is no provision of lights and
at 39 out of 49 Anganwadis (i.e., 80%) there is no provision of fans though the
Anganwadis stay open after noon when it can get hot especially in summer months. The
National Commission for Protection of Child Rights has recommended that all
Anganwadis should have at least toilet and water facilities (3). Seeing as the Budget
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2008-2009 sanctioned enough money to the ICDS to construct 10.52 lakh Anganwadis,
the resources to improve infrastructure are available (4).
At 11 out of 49 Anganwadis (i.e., more than one-fifth), study material is not
being provided to children that can severely affect their learning. Also adding to this is
the fact that at more than one fifth of the Anganwadis people complained that the
teacher was not regular. At 15 out of 49 (i.e., 30%) of Anganwadis there are no
blackboards and at 13 out of 49 (i.e., more than one-fourth) of Anganwadis there are no
chalks provided.
Of the 149 families surveyed in 21 communities there are about 308 children of
whom 228 are going either to School or to the Anganwadi.
At 28, 16, 2 out of 49 Anganwadis the medium of instruction is Kannada,
Kannada & English, and Kannada & Tamil respectively. At 22 out of 49 of
communities, people are not aware of the facilities that should be provided by an
Anganwadi. So, where people do not have any complaints against the Anganwadi its
more due to the lack of awareness about the facilities that the Anganwadis should be
providing. People need to understand that ICDS is now an entitlement of all children
under six, and that they can help in making this right a reality. They also need to know
about the Supreme Court Orders. While its the responsibility of the government, at
many Anganwadis, NGOs are playing an important part by imparting education and
also providing food to the children.
(1) http://www.caloriescount.org/cgi-bin/calorie_calculator.cgi
(2) Sourced from: Hindustan Lever Limited, Modern Fruit Bun packaging.
(3)
http://www.ncpcr.gov.in/Reports/Report_of_the_Expert_Team_on_Action_Taken_by_t
he_District_Administration_on_suggestions_of_the_Commission_made_in_July_2007.
pdf
(4) http://infochangeindia.org/200803046961/Governance/News/Budget-2008-What-s-
in-it-for-children.html
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http://www.caloriescount.org/cgi-bin/calorie_calculator.cgihttp://www.ncpcr.gov.in/Reports/Report_of_the_Expert_Team_on_Action_Taken_by_the_District_Administration_on_suggestions_of_the_Commission_made_in_July_2007.pdfhttp://www.ncpcr.gov.in/Reports/Report_of_the_Expert_Team_on_Action_Taken_by_the_District_Administration_on_suggestions_of_the_Commission_made_in_July_2007.pdfhttp://www.ncpcr.gov.in/Reports/Report_of_the_Expert_Team_on_Action_Taken_by_the_District_Administration_on_suggestions_of_the_Commission_made_in_July_2007.pdfhttp://www.caloriescount.org/cgi-bin/calorie_calculator.cgihttp://www.ncpcr.gov.in/Reports/Report_of_the_Expert_Team_on_Action_Taken_by_the_District_Administration_on_suggestions_of_the_Commission_made_in_July_2007.pdfhttp://www.ncpcr.gov.in/Reports/Report_of_the_Expert_Team_on_Action_Taken_by_the_District_Administration_on_suggestions_of_the_Commission_made_in_July_2007.pdfhttp://www.ncpcr.gov.in/Reports/Report_of_the_Expert_Team_on_Action_Taken_by_the_District_Administration_on_suggestions_of_the_Commission_made_in_July_2007.pdf -
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CONCLUSION
While an important step towards providing children with their right to food was
taken when the universalization of ICDS was included in the National Common
Minimum Programme of the UPA government in May 2004 (1), there are numerous
other problems which need to be solved before we can ensure that the future of India
that lies with these children is secure and bright. From the field work conducted, it is
abundantly clear that the original objectives of the scheme have not yet been met.
Appallingly, the quality of food provided at many Anganwadis is not enough to
improve the nutritional and health status of children, as the scheme envisioned. It is a
known fact that 80% brain growth takes place in the first six years. The amount spent in
many Anganwadis is much less than the stipulated amount of at least Rs.2 per child per
day. There were 8.3 lakh operational Anganwadis, as on 31 March 2007. Also, in
December, 2007 about 5.5 crore children were covered under the supplementary
nutrition component of the Anganwadi programme. This is barely one third of all
children below the age of six years. The Supreme Court explicitly directed the
government to expand the number of Anganwadis to 14 lakhs, to ensure that every
settlement is covered by end of December 2008 which has not been fulfilled.(2)
Proper Psychological, Physical and Social development of the child is hardly
possible without basic facilities like drinking water and toilets. The reason for this is
reflected in low budgets for these schemes. Low commitment to children under six has
led to low allocation of funds for ICDS. The total allocation for ICDS by the Central
Government in 2004-5 was a mere Rs 1,600 crores less than one tenth of one per cent
of Indias GDP. By contrast, in the same year, the Central Government spent Rs.77,000
crores on Defence. Although the budget allocation for ICDS has increased steadily in
recent years, and is now close to Rs 6300crores (4), this remains far from adequate to
improve quality and move rapidly towards universalization. The expenditure per child
needs to be doubled, at the very least, to achieve minimum quality standards. And of
course the budget needs to be doubled again, if not tripled, to achieve universal
coverage of all children. Not only is the overall budget low, the item-wise breakdown
also shows glaring inadequacies and imbalances. Even the expenditure norm for
supplementary nutrition was as low as Re. 0.95 per child per day (to be contributed
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by the State Government) in 2004-5. The norm has since been doubled by the Central
Government, in response to Supreme Court orders.(5)
The most important reason for the gap between promise and reality is that the
rights and wellbeing of children under six are not a political priority. This is partly
because children are not voters. Additionally there is poor understanding about early
childhood across the country and in all strata of society. Not many are familiar with
scientific facts about the critical importance of early childhood in the development of a
human being. This has led to indifference and rampant neglect on the part of the
government, and also at the level of community involvement.(6)
The awareness levels in communities about all the services that should be
provided by Anganwadis are less. Community participation is an important element in
the design of ICDS. It can do a lot to help the effective functioning of Anganwadis. The
Supreme Court has directed the states that "Contractors shall not be used for supply of
nutrition in Anganwadis and preferably ICDS funds shall be spent by making use of
village communities, self-help groups and Mahila Mandals for buying of grains and
preparation of meals". But in 17 Anganwadis we found that Bread is provided by a
Private Company. Instead, the community members or other groups in these
communities can be mobilized and trained to run the supplementary nutrition program
and also monitor the anganwadis. Painting a list of the services that are supposed to be
provided under ICDS on the walls of the Anganwadi is also a useful way of making
sure that people are aware of their entitlements (3)
Making people aware of their rights, empowering them and helping them to
fight for their rights is the only way to ensure that Government continues to perform its
duties effectively and efficiently. (7) We have a long way to go before we can provide
every child in India even the fundamental rights he has. We have taken a step in this
direction, now we need to get our actions more focused and concentrated to achieve our
goals.
(1), (2), (3), (5), (6), (7) http://www.righttofoodindia.org/data/icds06primer.pdf.
(4) (http://www.cbec.gov.in/budget0809/bh1.pdf)
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BIBLIOGRAPHY
Hindustan Lever Limited, Modern Fruit Bun packaging
http://anganwadi.ap.nic.in/icds.html last visited on feb7, 2009 http://infochangeindia.org/200803046961/Governance/News/Budget-2008-
What-s-in-it-for-children.html
http://www.caloriescount.org/cgi-bin/calorie_calculator.cgi
http://www.cbec.gov.in/budget0809/bh1.pdf
http://www.ispub.com/ostia/index.php?
xmlFilePath=journals/ijnw/vol5n2/icds.xml. last visited on feb7,2009
http://www.ncpcr.gov.in/Reports/Report_of_the_Expert_Team_on_Action_Tak
en_by_the_District_Administration_on_suggestions_of_the_Commission_made
_in_July_2007.pdf
http://www.righttofoodindia.org/data/icds06primer.pdf.
http://www.righttofoodindia.org/data/icds06primer.pdf.
10
http://anganwadi.ap.nic.in/icds.html%20last%20visited%20on%20feb7http://anganwadi.ap.nic.in/icds.html%20last%20visited%20on%20feb7http://infochangeindia.org/200803046961/Governance/News/Budget-2008-What-s-in-it-for-children.htmlhttp://infochangeindia.org/200803046961/Governance/News/Budget-2008-What-s-in-it-for-children.htmlhttp://www.caloriescount.org/cgi-bin/calorie_calculator.cgihttp://www.cbec.gov.in/budget0809/bh1.pdfhttp://www.ispub.com/ostia/index.php?xmlFilePath=journals/ijnw/vol5n2/icds.xmlhttp://www.ispub.com/ostia/index.php?xmlFilePath=journals/ijnw/vol5n2/icds.xmlhttp://www.ncpcr.gov.in/Reports/Report_of_the_Expert_Team_on_Action_Taken_by_the_District_Administration_on_suggestions_of_the_Commission_made_in_July_2007.pdfhttp://www.ncpcr.gov.in/Reports/Report_of_the_Expert_Team_on_Action_Taken_by_the_District_Administration_on_suggestions_of_the_Commission_made_in_July_2007.pdfhttp://www.ncpcr.gov.in/Reports/Report_of_the_Expert_Team_on_Action_Taken_by_the_District_Administration_on_suggestions_of_the_Commission_made_in_July_2007.pdfhttp://www.righttofoodindia.org/data/icds06primer.pdfhttp://www.righttofoodindia.org/data/icds06primer.pdfhttp://anganwadi.ap.nic.in/icds.html%20last%20visited%20on%20feb7http://infochangeindia.org/200803046961/Governance/News/Budget-2008-What-s-in-it-for-children.htmlhttp://infochangeindia.org/200803046961/Governance/News/Budget-2008-What-s-in-it-for-children.htmlhttp://www.caloriescount.org/cgi-bin/calorie_calculator.cgihttp://www.cbec.gov.in/budget0809/bh1.pdfhttp://www.ispub.com/ostia/index.php?xmlFilePath=journals/ijnw/vol5n2/icds.xmlhttp://www.ispub.com/ostia/index.php?xmlFilePath=journals/ijnw/vol5n2/icds.xmlhttp://www.ncpcr.gov.in/Reports/Report_of_the_Expert_Team_on_Action_Taken_by_the_District_Administration_on_suggestions_of_the_Commission_made_in_July_2007.pdfhttp://www.ncpcr.gov.in/Reports/Report_of_the_Expert_Team_on_Action_Taken_by_the_District_Administration_on_suggestions_of_the_Commission_made_in_July_2007.pdfhttp://www.ncpcr.gov.in/Reports/Report_of_the_Expert_Team_on_Action_Taken_by_the_District_Administration_on_suggestions_of_the_Commission_made_in_July_2007.pdfhttp://www.righttofoodindia.org/data/icds06primer.pdfhttp://www.righttofoodindia.org/data/icds06primer.pdf -
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ANNEXURE 1
ANGANWADI QUESTIONNAIRE
Name of the Area : ___________________________________
Ward No. : _________________________________________
Name of the Slum : ___________________________________
Q1. Number of people working in the Anganwadi ____________________________
Q2. Number of students who have registered with Anganwadi _____
Q3. What is the regularity of children coming to Anganwadi?
_________________________________________________________________
Q4. What is being taught to the children at Anganwadi?
_________________________________________________________________
Q5. Basic Amenities
Basic Amenity Status Yes or
No
Frequency
1. Cleanliness
2. Maintenance
3. Study Material4. Blackboard
5. Chalks
6. Light
7. Fan
8. Drinking Water
9. Toilet Facility
Q6. Timings of the Anganwadi ___________________________________________
Q7. Is food being provided to the children? _________________
SNo. FOOD REMARKS
1. Quality
2. Quantity
3. Type
4. Regularity
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5. Record
maintained
and its
frequency
6. Ration
Supply
Grams rice dal oil vege
table
Nutrition
supplement
Cooking
fuel
Others
Date
Date
Date
Date
Date
Date
Q8. What is the medium of instruction? ___________________________________
Q9. Is there any NGO Involved with the Anganwadi? If so, which one and what does
it do?
_________________________________________________________________
_________________________________________________________________
Q10. Building Details of the Anganwadi________________________________________________________________
Q 11. Officials Involved and how frequently they visit the anganwadi
1. CDPO Officer ____________________________________
2. Health Officer ____________________________________
3. Supervisor ____________________________________
4. Supplier ____________________________________
Q. Is the teacher maintaining punctuality and regularity in coming to the Anganwadi?
Reason:______________________________________________________________
_____________________________________________________________________
Q. Is the teacher supported by the Government or any other NGOs?
____________________________________________________________________
____________________________________________________________________
Q. Your Observations:
___________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
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ANNEXURE 2
COMMUNITY QUESTIONNAIRE
Name of the Area:
Ward No:_____________________ Name of the Corporator (ex): ______________
Name of the slum:
How old is the slum?:
Population of the Community : ______________________
Religion of the Community : Dominant: ___________ Others:_____________
Language spoken by the Community : Dominant: ________Others:__________
Occupation of the community people : Dominant:_________Others:__________
Name of the Community Leaders : ______________________________
Q 1. Is any NGO involved with the community?
Q 2. If yes, what work does the NGO do?
_____________________________________________________________________
Q3. What is the average earning of a family in the community?
_________________________________________________________________
Q4. What is the total number of children in the community? ______________
Age Group No. of Children
0 6
6 14
14 18
Q5. Basic Amenities in the community
Water supply: Common Tap: ____________ Individual Tap:
Drinking water:
Drainage:
Road:
Street Light:
Toilet Facility: Common:______________Individual house:
Q6. Do the community people are aware of the services that should be provided by the
Anganwadi?
__________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
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Q5. Do you (each household) have ration cards?
Below Poverty Line card:
Above Poverty Line card:
Q 6.Complaints and Comments for the Anganwadi operating_________________________________________________________________
_________________________________________________________________
_________________________________________________________________
Q7. Household Survey
Family No. of
People
No. of
working
members
total
Income of
the
Household
No. of
children
No. of
children
going to
Anganwadi
/ School
No of
girl
children
No of girl
children
going to
anganwadi
/ School
Religion
and
Caste
the
family
belongsto
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.
7.
8.
9.10.
General problems faced by the community people
______________________________________________________________________
______________________________________________________________________
______________________________________________________________________
______________________________________________________________________
______________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________
Experience and Suggestions by the community______________________________________________________________________
______________________________________________________________________
______________________________________________________________________
______________________________________________________________________
_________________________________________________________________
Observations:
______________________________________________________________________
______________________________________________________________________
______________________________________________________________________
__________________________________________________________________
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