reparations
TRANSCRIPT
Reparations: Founded upon Data and Dialogue
April 23, 2014 5:26 pm
(Image: People clearing rubble in Ghouta, Damascus. Source: Lens young Dimashqi.)
Today’s post highlights the fourth installment of the Syria Justice and Accountability
Centre’s “Memorandum Series.” For more on Documentation and Truth-seeking, download
and read the full memorandum, “Using Data, Documentation, and Evidence in Reparations
Processes,” prepared for the SJAC by Christalla Yakinthou.
Reparations processes need not be considered a post-war activity; in best-case scenarios,
much of the initial legwork takes place while the conflict is underway. Consequently,
reparations processes carry special relevance for Syria today. Given the scope of
destruction, Syria’s victims cannot anticipate full recovery through reparations. Nonetheless,
reparations can begin to address the material and human damage incurred throughout the
conflict. To pave the way for meaningful reparations, Syrians and the international
community must support non-political documentation of rights abuses and initiate dialogue
about the forms of reparations available to victims in Syria.
Data collection drives and substantiates reparations processes. Documented evidence of
displacement, death, and injury form the basis from which victims can request formal
retribution. Reparations efforts can only begin once they have tangible material with which
to work. Moreover, the nature of reparations will depend upon the nature of the data
collected—if a crime is not documented, it may not be considered during reparations
processes. If documented crimes present a skewed image of the conflict, reparations
processes may also be skewed.
Given data’s influence, it is critical that documentation of rights abuses be comprehensive,
representative, and fair. Data should be collected across time and place—this will help paint
a picture of the scope of the conflict and the extent of antagonists’ offenses and victims’
suffering. In addition, data ought to be collected from all parties in the conflict, and reflect
the damages accrued by all sides. This is key in approval from people who have lived
through the conflict; if a victim or group’s stories are omitted from the body of data, the
victim or group may not deem the data credible. Effective documentation, therefore,
maximizes the potential of universal buy-in.
In the case of Syria, this means that data should be obtained from throughout the conflict,
and data should aim to represent all sides and perspectives. The conflict has passed its
three-year mark. Contemporaneous collection is the ideal, given the challenges of
interviewing and determining facts post-facto. Nonetheless, now is not too late; data
collectors should target the entirety of the three-year conflict and prepare for
contemporaneous collection for as long as the conflict persists. Moreover, documenters
ought to seek data from all parties to the conflict. Reparations processes depend upon
victim buy-in, which can only be achieved when victims perceive the process to be non-
politicized, and when data adequately reflects victims’ personal experiences and suffering.
Politically-neutral data gathering is a critical first step. Fair and contemporaneously-
collected data facilitates a speedy start to reparations programs once the conflict ends.
Assuming effective data collection, reparations programs may take different
forms. Symbolic and material reparations are often employed. Symbolic reparations include
official apologies, memorials, restoration projects, and public education programs
acknowledging repressed narratives. Material reparations may consist of payments to
families of victims, pensions for victims and survivors, and funds for social programs for
communities of victims. Given the breadth of avenues available, Syrians could benefit from
considering each of these possibilities.
A discussion today is necessary to evaluate which forms of reparations are feasible,
desired, and effective in the Syrian context. Ultimately, reparations are only as effective as
victim’s buy-in—to achieve this, discussions of reparations should be widely-
discussed. Ideally, the process should be participatory, consultative, and driven by people’s
needs. Although contemporaneous collection of data is ideal, delayed implementation of
reparations are acceptable if the delay allows for more time to design programs in
accordance with victims’ needs. Post-conflict Syria will likely have limited funds available for
programs; consequently victims will need to consider which low-cost programs (such as
official apologies) are meaningful, and which high-cost programs are high-priority for them.
As with documentation, discussing reparations now, during the conflict, will get the ball
rolling for reparations programs once the conflict ends.
The situation in Syria may seem bleak, but its bleakness does not preclude action. Syrians
and the international community can make tangible, constructive progress by engaging in
effective documentation and broad-based dialogue in preparation for future reparations.