renewables - energies of the future, the german example (2008)

8/10/2019 Renewables - Energies of the Future, The German Example (2008)

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Detlef Loyon behalf of

Berliner Energieagentur GmbHRenewable Energy AsiaBangkok, June 05, 2008

Renewables Energies of the Future

The German Example


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European and German Framework

German RES-Policy

RES-Targets and current Situation

Measures and Programs

The Renewable Energy Sources Act (EEG)

Achievements

Outlook

Summary

Contents

Picture: BMWi


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Germany in the Heart of Europe

Area: 357,031 km

Inhabitants: 82.4 Mill.

Gross National Income:

2,423 billion EUR (2007)

Currency: 1 EUR = 51 THB

Source Map: MYGEO


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-20% 20% -20%Total Primary Energy Supply RES share of Final Energy Consumption GHGEmissions

(incl. 10% Biofuels) against 1990, minimum

Climate Protection

Import Dependency

Security of Energy Supply

Finite fossil-fuel Resources

Cost Increase

European Energy Policy

Targets for 2020


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German Energy Policy Triangle

Source: Climatic Research Unit UEA Norwich, 2008

0.6

0.4

0.2

0.0

0.2

0.4

0.6

Te

mperatureanomaly(C)

0.6

0.4

0.2

0.0

0.2

0.4

0.6

Te

mperatureanomaly(C)

0.6

0.4

0.2

0.0

0.2

0.4

0.6

Te

mperatureanomaly(C)

1860 1880 1900 1920 1940 1960 1980 2000

0.6

0.4

0.2

0.0

0.2

0.4

0.6

Te

mperatureanomaly(C)

Global air temperature

2007 anomaly +0.40C

(8th warmest on record)

Global air temperature

2007 abnormally +0.40C

(8th warmest on record)0.4

0.6

-0.2

-0.4

-0.6

0.0

0.2

Temp

eratureanorma

ly(C)

1860 1880 1900 1920 19601940 1980 2000

1. Sustainable


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100

120

140

160

180

Jan 03 Jan 04 Jan 05 Jan 06Jun 03 Jun 04 Jun 05 Jun 06 Dez 06

Source: DENA, Germa Energy Agency, Statistisches Bundesamt, 2006

Fuel oi l:

Trend + 19% p.a.

Natural gas:Trend + 11% p.a.

Electricity:

Trend + 5% p.a.

Wood pellets

Trend + 3% p.a.

Development of price indicesLight fuel oil

Natural gas

Electricity

Wood pellets

Ind

exJan2003=100


2. Economic


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High Dependence on Energy Imports: 74.5 % in total

66 % Hard Coal

84 % Natural Gas96 % Petroleum

100 % Uranium

Promotion of renewable energy sources and energy efficiency

is one pillar of the German energy policy


3. Security of Energy Supply


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Renewable Energy Feed-in Tariff System (EEG):RES power

Market Incentives Programme:grants and loans for RES heat

Research and Development Support

Tax incentives (partly for biofuels)

Main measures so far

German RES-Policy


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Power: Reform / extension of the feed-in legislation

Gas: Share of bio-methane in natural gas grid 10 % by 2030

Heat:

Improvement of market incentives program: stable & transparent

Renewable heat law in progress: quotas & rules

Share in RES heat production 14% by 2020

Transport: Introduction of sustainabili ty criteria for biofuels

In line with various measures to improve energy efficiency

Support of high efficiency cogeneration; share raised from 12% to

25% by 2020

CO2 reduction in the transport sector etc.

German RES-Policy

Integrated Climate and Energy Program

Source: Integriertes Energie- und klimaschutzprogramm der Bundesregierung, 05.12.07


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German RES-Policy

2010 targets

Share of RES 2000 2007 Target year

2010

Primary energy consumption (DE) 2.6 % 6.7 % 4.2 %

Electricity supply (EU Directive: 22 %) 6.3 % 14.2 % 12.5 %

Transport fuel (EU Directive) 0.4 % 6.9 % 5.75 %

... already reached up-front


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Source: BMU

6.70%

2,10%

0,00%

1,00%

2,00%

3,00%

4,00%

5,00%

6,00%

7,00%

8,00%

1998 1999 2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007

Development of RES Share of Total Primary Energy Consumption

German RES-Policy


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Total: 13,878 PJ in 2007

Total Primary Energy Consumption by dif ferent Energy Sources

German RES-Policy

Hard Coal

14%Nuclear

11%

Gas

22%

Biomass: 4.9%2)

Wind energy: 1.0%

Hydropower: 0.5%

share RE

6.7%

Other RE: 0.3%

Oil

34%

Lignite

12%

1)

Source: BMU according to Working Group on Renewable

Energies / Statistics (AGEE-Stat); using data from Working Group on Energy Balances (AGEB); physical energy content method.


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Source: BMU

German RES-Policy

Composition of RES Share in the German Energy Mix (2007)

Geothermal

energy; 1%

Photovoltaic;

2%

9%

18%

38%

11%

Solarthermal

energy; 2%

20%

Bioenergy

(Heat)

Wind

Power

Hydro

Power

Bioenergy

(Power)Biofuels


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German RES-Policy:

Renewable Energy Sources Act (EEG)

14.2%

4,70%

0,00%

2,00%

4,00%

6,00%

8,00%

10,00%

12,00%

14,00%

16,00%

1998 1999 2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007Source: BMU

Development of RES Share of Total Gross Power Consumption


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Contribution o f renewable energy sou rced electricity generation

in Germany 1990 - 2007

0

10,000

20,000

30,000

40,000

50,000

60,000

70,000

80,000

90,000

100,000

1990 1991 1992 1993 1994 1995 1996 1997 1998 1999 2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007

[GWh]

Hydropower Wind energy

Biomass* Photovoltaics

* sol id, l iquid, gaseous bio mass, biogenic share of waste, landfi ll and sewage gas;Electricity from geothermal energy is not presented due to the low volumes of electricity

Source: Source: BM U accord ing to Working Group on Renewable Energies / Statistics (AGEE-Stat)

German RES-Policy:


StrEG

1. January 1991

EEG

1. April 2000

New EEG

1. August 2004


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German RES-Policy:


Power Generation from RES in 2007

Hydropower

23.7%

Sewage gas

1.2%

Landfill gas

1.2%

Liquid Biofuels

3.0%

Solid Biofuels

8.4%

Photovoltaics4.0%

Biogas

8.5%

Bio-waste

4.9%

Wind energy

45.1%

Version: March 2008; all figures provisional

Source: BMU according to Working Group on Renewable Energies / Statistics (AGEE-Stat)

Total Biomass: approx. 25%(excluding Landfill and sewage gas)


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Priority for grid connection, purchase and transmission ofelectricity from renewable energies

Consistent fee ( tariff ) paid per kWh by the grid operators forthis electrici ty

- Long-term perspective and investment security (1530 years)

- Incentive for opening up new potentials and technologies

Strong incentive for efficiency boost

- Tariffs differentiated by source and size of the plant- Annual degression rates taking into account technical

development

Nationwide equalization between all grid operators and

electricity suppliers for fees paid

German RES-Policy:


Main Features


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Cents/kWh Duration (a) Degression

Small Hydro Power 6.65 - 9.67 30 -Biomass 8.03 - 21.14 20 1.5%

Geothermal 7.16 - 15.00 20 1% from 2010

Wind onshore 5.18 - 8.19 20 2%

Wind offshore 6.19 - 9.10 20 2% from 2008

PV 37.95 - 54.21 20 5%

Source: BMU: Erneuerbare Energien in Zahlen, 2007, EEG

German RES-Policy:


Feed-in Tarif f for plants commissioned in 2007


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Renewable

Power Plants

Ca. 900 Distribution

Grid Operators

Ca. 900 Supply

Companies

Consumers

4 Transmission Grid

Operators

Equalisation of Feed-in Tarif f

German RES-Policy:


RES-Electricity

Payment


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Consumer Energy Supplier

Feed in tarif f... ... PV on Buildings 2008

< 30kWp 46.8 ct

30 100 kWp 44.5 ct

> 100 kWp 44.0 ct

Ground mounted

Facade

35.7 ct

+ 5.0 ct

Source: Solar Energy in Germany

Government

German RES-Policy:



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Grid co st

36%

Electricity

generation and

sale

25%

VAT

14%Electricity tax

10%

EEG levy

4%

Concession fee

9%

Cogeneration fee

2 %

Components of Electricity Price, 2006, Private Households

German RES-Policy:


Source: BMU

19.5 EUR-Cent/ kWh


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Pictures: TU Ilmenau, BMU /Bernd Mller

Solar Collectors Biomass Boilers

German RES-Policy:

Market Incentives Programme


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6.60%

3,50%

0,00%

1,00%

2,00%

3,00%

4,00%

5,00%

6,00%

7,00%

1998 1999 2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007Source: BMU/BEE

Development of RES Share of Total Heat Consumption

German RES-Policy:



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Liquid biofuels

5.0%

Gaseousbiofuels

3.8%

bio-waste5.4%

Solid biofuels

(households)64.1%

Solid biofuels

(industry)

12.5%

Near-surface

geothermal energy

2.4%

Deep geothermal

energy

0.2% Solar thermal

energy

4.1%

Solid biofuels (co-generation power

installations and

heating installations)

2.5%

Version: March 2008; all figures provisional

Source: BMU according to Working Group on Renewable Energies / Statistics (AGEE-Stat)

Total Biomass: approx. 93%

Heat Supply from RES in Germany

German RES-Policy:


Total: 90.2 TWh in 2007


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German RES-Policy:

Achievements in 2007

Reduction of energy related carbon dioxide emissions:

15.5 % by 2007 compared to 1990

Estimation of avoided external costs (impacts of cl imate change):

some 12 billion in 2007

773 Mt in 2007

948 Mt in 1990

Source: BMU/AGEEStat: 2007


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Source: Wissenschaftlicher Beirat der Bundesregierung Globale Umweltvernderungen (WBGU)

Year

Prim

aryenergyuse[E

J/a]

600

800

1000

1200

1400

1600

400

200

0

2000 2010 2020 2030 2040 2050 2100

GeothermalOther renewables

Solar thermal (heat only)

Solar power(PV & solar thermal generation)

Wind

Bio-mass (advanced)

Bio-mass (traditional)

HydroelectricityNuclear powerGasCoalOil


Global Energy Scenario Until 2050

Outlook


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Cooperation for Sustainability

Initiated between Germany and Spain in June 2004

International cooperation on designingsupport framework

for renewable energy


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Expanding renewable energy use is one of the main steps

towards a sustainable energy supply

International cooperation is needed to meet the

challenges and build up the markets

Germany is offering to share its experience

Export Initiative for RES-technology of theGerman Ministry of Economics and Technology


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Information on current events and fairs, case studies, branch

news, presentations and information on different RES:

www.renewables-made-in-germany.com

Comprehensive information on German companies

and products in the field of RES:

www.german-renewable-energy.com

Further Information


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Thank you for your attention !

renewables - energies of the future, the german example (2008)

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