renewable_energy_ mnreddy.ppt

8/13/2019 Renewable_energy_ MNReddy.ppt

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Renewable Energy AND Youth Employment

ByProf. M.N. Reddy

Chairman

Swamy Ramananda Tirtha Rural InstituteJalalpur(V), Pochampally(M), NalgondaDistrict-508284

Andhra Pradesh, India


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Energy

Energy, Economy & Environment are the threeinter-related areas having direct correlation for

development of any nation. Per capita energyconsumption is an index for development of anyNation.

Per capita energy consumption in our country isabout 400 units which is very low compared to percapita consumption of developed nations which isabout 8000 units.

Power generation with conventional sources hascertain limitations and also associated withenvironmental problems.


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Disadvantages & Limitations Of Conventional Energy

* Resources are limited and may not be able to meet

the increase future demand

* Emission of Green house gasses from thermal

power stations

* Submersion of low lying areas in Hydel power* Consumption of fossil fuels towards transportation

of raw material i.e. coal for thermal power stations

* Centralised power generation results in high losses

in transmission & distribution* De-forestation will have adverse effect on climate

change

R d T h l i f


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Resources and Technologies of

Renewable Energy Solar

Wind Biomass

Small Hydro

Waste to Energy: Municipal Solid / Liquid Waste,

Industrial Waste

Bio Diesel

OTEC (Ocean Thermal Energy)

Wave Energy Geo-thermal energy

Fuel Cell Technologies


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Advantages of Renewable Energy

Technologies

* Resources are everlasting

* No environmental concern problems

* Modular in nature

* No T & D losses

* Tailor made power generation system to cater

to customer needs


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Solar Energy

Sun radiates 180 billion MW of energy over

the earth per day.

The three exclusive technologies for utilising

solar energy are:-

Solar photovoltaic technology

Solar Thermal technology

Solar Passive architecture


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Solar Photovoltaic

This technology facilitates in converting the solar

energy into electrical energy and is being used forapplications like

Lighting

Solar Lanterns Solar Street Lights


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Solar lanterns offer best alternative to kerosenelamps, gas lamps and conventional emergency lights.

Portable, light and suitable for use in both indoor andoutdoor applications

Solar Lanterns provide opportunity to rural youth for

establishing centralised charging system to chargeset of lanterns and lease them on daily rental basis.

They can also establish sales and service centres.


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Water pumping

Solar Pumps are useful for agriculture, horticulture anddrinking water purpose.

They can draw water from open wells, bore wells andstreams.

These systems functions during clear sunny days withoutany battery back-up.

Solar Water Pump System


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A 1 Hp/ 2 Hp surface mounted pump can giveyield of 70,000/ 140000 ltrs per day at 10 meterstotal head.

The SPV submersible pump of differentcapacities are also available. The capacityranges from 300 W upto 1800 W SPV arrayattached with DC/ AC submersible pumps for

lifting from varying depths. This are suitable forhorticulture farms with drip irrigation. Thesepumps are also used for drinking waterapplications

There is an employment potential basically in theafter-sales service and maintenance of thesesystems.


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communication systems

Remote area villages electrification

Telecom applications

Traffic signalling

Railway signalling systems etc.


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- +

+- +- load

Stand Alone DC System

Solar Energy Functional Block Diagram


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=

~

- +

Stand alone AC Solar Power system

+- +- load

Solar Energy Stand Alone AC System


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Solar thermal technology

The process involves utilising heat energyfrom solar radiation for heating, cooking,

drying applications and power generation etc. Solar water heating system

Flat Plate Solar Water HeatingSystem

Vaccum Tube Solar Water Heatin

System


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Solar flat plate collector model water heating systemsconsists of solar panels having collectors which haveselective coated fins to absorb heat from solar radiationand transmitting same to water passing through the

copper tubes attached to the fins.The water so heated is stored in an insulated tankmaking it possible to get hot water all 24 hours.

These systems are available in capacities of 100 Litresper day (LPD) and in multiples of hundred to any

capacity.

Are ideal to replace geysers in domestic andcommercial sector i.e hotels, nursing homes, hostelsetc., and also in industries as boiler feed water for pre-

heating.

The manufacturing, installation and after sales serviceof these systems provide good opportunity for youthemployment.


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TYPES OF SOLAR COOKERS

BOX TYPE SOLAR COOKER

DISH TYPE SOLAR COOKER (SK-14)

COMMUNITY SOLAR COOKER FOR

INDOOR COOKING (SCHEFFLER)

SOLAR STEAM COOKING

Solar cooking system


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* Solar Box Type cookers are suitable for small sized families

and designed in various models with two, three or

fourcooking vessels.* The food is cooked at lower temperatures ranging from 1100

to 1400C preserving the nutritious value.

a)BOX TYPE


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* No personal attention required during the cooking

process. After cooking is completed it acts like hot-

box keeping the food warm.

* Depending on number of vessels coking can be

made at 3-4 items at once.

* Introducing such cookers in a large scale can

contribute to conservation of fire wood, kerosene,

LPG etc., .. resulting in better environment andemployment generation for youth, who can be

involved in marketing and after sales service.

b) Prababolic Dish Type


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b) Prababolic Dish Type

* Different sizes of these models are available to suit thecustomer requirements. Such cookers can also help inreducing the crisis of conventional fuels. These can be used

for income generation by catering the needs of smalcommunities for cooking purpose at village and small townlevels. They can replace kerosene stoves normally being usedby road side vendors.

* In Parabolic SolarCookers the solar rays areconcentrated on thecooking vessel, which ispainted black, and placedat the focal point of theparabolic dish. Due tohigher temperature,cooking is faster than inbox cooker and frying etc,is possible.


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c) Community Cookers:

This model facilitates coking food for 50 people. The cooking

can be inside the kitchen. This systems can be installed in

residential schools, canteens etc.

* It enables cooking comforts in the kitchen. All items can becooked including frying, baking etc.,

* Solar Community Cookers are

ideal for hostels, hospitals,

hotels, mid-day meal programs

for schools and hostels etc.

One Solar dish system can

cook for 40-- 50 people.


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* The system has automatic sun tracking mechanism and

thus needs to be started only oncein morning------- whole

day the dish moves along with the sun just like sun flower.

* One dish can conserve approx 50-100 kg wood per day.* After Completion of Training:

* Youth can be involved in marketing and undertaking

installation job.

* They can also take Annual Maintainance Contract(AMC)

* or

* Operation and Maintenance Contract (O&M ) for the same.


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d) Solar Steam Cooking

For cooking food to 500 and above persons, solar steam

cooking with back-up from conventional boiler system can be

installed.

We have the worldslargest Solar Steam Cooking system with a

capacity to cook 30000 meals every day, which is functioning at

Tirum ala Tirupat i DevasthanamsNityannadanamscheme.


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Solar Steam Cooking offers a solution when food for

more than 500 people needs to be cooked.

It is ideal for large community cooking and not only

does it save fuel and environment but also makes

cooking convenient and quick in cooking.

The system is integrated with back-up boiler and thus

cooking can be continued even during non-sunshine

hours ------ like early morning------ late evening and------on cloudy days.

The system can be fabricated locally by imparting

training to the entrepreneur, who can employ local

youth for fabrication, installation and maintenancework.

S l D i S t


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Solar Drying System

This is one of the best technologies suitable for creating

rural employment.

* DEHYDRATION PROCESS HELPS IN PRESERVATION OF FRUITS,

VEGETABLES BY REDUCING THE MOISTURE CONTENT AND IMPROVING

THE SHELF LIFE UP TO 6 TO 10 MONTHS PERIOD.

* Preparation of fruit bars i.e. mango bar, mixed fruit bars,


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p g , ,

drying of edible forest produce are best suitable

applications in rural areas for reducing wastage and

income generation to the rural people by gaining value

addition.* Solar Drying in industrial sector is also developed for

conservation of fossi l fu els, electr ic al energy and also

reduces the cost of processing. Tea leaves drying,

Tobacco drying etc. are few applications in industrial

sector.

* Cabinet type Solar Dryers are ideal for drying of spices,

fruits, vegetables and medicinal products.

* Dryers are available in sizes ranging from 8 kgs to 50 Kgscapacity. Solar Dryers are an ideal system for getting value

addition to the items dried in it. The drying process is

hygienic and the dried product will also be of better quality

compared to open sun drying.


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* These systems can create self employment for rural youth

as the produce can be marketed with value addition at

local levels and has good export potential to urban areasand abroad. Some youth can become entrepreneurs and

can employ local youth for collection, processing,

packing, marketing etc.,

* SWAMY RAMANANDA TIRTHA RURAL INSTITUTE HAS

ESTABLISHED A TRAINING-CUM PRODUCTION CENTRE AT ITS

TRANFER OF TECHNOLOGY L A B TO L A N D ., BY INSTALLING 4-

SOLAR DRYERS AS A PART OF CURRICULUM

* SO THAT TRAINEES CAN GAIN FIRST HAND KNOWLEDGE ONENTERPRENURAL SKILLS FOR STARTING THEIR OWN UNITS


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Solar Water Heating Systems

* Hot water is required for variousapplications like

* Bathing

* Washing* Cooking* Boiler feed water for industrial applicationetc.

* In Hospitals and Nursing Homes forsterilisation etc.,


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Installation of SWHS in all sectors i.e. residential,institutions, commercial, industries etc. will benefit.

Uses: After the pay back period of investment on solar hot

water which is around 2 to 2 years, at zero energycost is available for 17 to 18 years more.

Uninterrupted hot water supply for 24 hours without

any waiting time.

National: Conservation of electrical energy and other fossil

fuels. Reduction in environment pollution.

Improving the productivity by diverting the energyconserved for industrial and agriculture sector.

S l P i A hit t


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This technology is applied in building constructionactivities. Depending on the climate zones solar

passive architecture features are incorporated in

the building design. This will help in conservationof conventional energy sources up to 30%. Green

Business Centre constructed by CIIGodrej at

Hyderabad, Andhra Pradesh has got platinum

rating from G.B.C., U.S.A.

Solar Passive Architecture

Bio-energy


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Bio-energy

Bio-gas & improved smokeless wood burning stoves are

two important schemes being promoted by Ministry of Non-

conventional Energy Sources, New Delhi in rural areas forconservation of the fossil fuels i.e. Firewood, kerosene

L.P.G etc.

Bio-gas

Two models of bio-gas plants are being constructed.Low cost Deenabandumodel for individual families

Floating drum model bio-gas plant for community andinstitutional purposes.

The main raw material used for producing Methane gas inthis bio-gas plant is animal waste (Dung). Bio-gas plantswith kitchen waste and human excretion are alsodeveloped and also in use.


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DEENABADHU MODEL BIOGAS PLANT

Biogas plants of family size, community / institutional capacities

are available.

Methane gas produced in the biogas plant can be used primarily

for cooking, lighting and running IC Engine to generate power or

for mechanical application like water pumping running flourmil

etc.


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The Biogas plants can be constructed in rural areas for

individual families who own sufficient number of cattle.

The slurry which comes as by-product from bio gas plant isrich in Nitrogen content than raw dung which is used as

fertiliser in agriculture farms. Construction of bio-gas plan

needs services of skilled masons and unskilled workers.

Manufacturing of bio-gas stove and other auxiliaryequipment used in the system needs manufacturing

facilities.

These activities help in generating employment for skilledand unskilled youth and also developing entrepreneurs who

are engaged as specialised agencies in implementing the

schemes.

Improved smokeless wood burning stoves


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Improved smokeless wood burning stoves

These models help in improving the thermal

efficiency of wood burning stoves and also helpin creating smoke free kitchen. They will also

help in reducing the consumption of fire-wood

and also, helping the children and women from

eye and lung diseases caused due to smoke.


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Energy Efficient Wood Burning Devices

Conventional wood burning stove is less efficient thusconsumes more fire wood and also emits lot of smoke

creating unhygienic environment in the kitchen.

Women and children are getting effected with eye and lung

disease due to this smoke.Improved wood burning stoves are more efficient and

consumes less fire wood and also do not emits very less or no

smoke.


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There are portable and fixed type models. The fixed type model

improved wood burning stoves are constructed by trained

workers (who could be local youth both men and women).

The employment potential in construction and distribution is

the largest. The portable models can be fabricated in local

workshops.

Grid interactive power generation from Renewable


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Energy Sources in India

Estimated potential :

Wind - 45,000 M.W.

Biomass - 52,000 M.W.

Co-generation - 5,000 M.W. Mini Hydel - 15,000 M.W.

Municipal / Industrial waste - 5,000 M.W.

-------------------

1,22,000 M.W.-------------------


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EMPLOYMENT OPPORTUNIES:

Swamy Ramananda Tirtha Rural Institute has established Solar

Energy labs for training the rural unemployed youth under YES

Campaign with the assistance of UNIDO in Feb.2005 and trained

about 1080 candidates. both boys and girls.

In addition to the candidates from Andhra Pradesh State, the

training programme also attracted the students from other states

of India like Meghalaya, Tripura, Nagaland and Chattisghad. The

students trained by our Institute are employed by:


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Some are recruited by manufacturers of solar systems

in Andhra Pradesh and Bangalore, India.

Some of them are recruited for marketing the Solar

Equipment.

Some of them are recruited for hands-on experience and

permanent employment in solar panel manufacturing

industries in Andhra Pradesh.

Some are working as entrepreneurs in maintaining the

already existing solar energy systems.


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TrainingDemonstration

Implementation ofprojects at field level

Maintenance of systems

R &D Activity

& designingnew systems

Consultancy

services viz.

surveys,

system design etc

Establishment of

Renewable EnergyPower Plants

Marketing ,

Retail sales

Outlets/

Aditya shops

Manufacturing

Specific areas for YES concern in developing countries:


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Creation of smoke free village with solar cookers,

Bio gas plants.

Remote area village electrification.

Replacement of kerosene lamps with SPV lanterns.

Solar drying technology for food processing &

edible forest produce.

Training of youth in R.E technologies in installation,

servicing, providing after sales service.

Conducting awareness programs

Specific areas for YES concern in developing countries:


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The Earth, The Water and the Air, not a gift tous from our parents but a loan for our children

An old Indian Saying


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renewable_energy_ mnreddy.ppt

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