ELECTRIC POWER

Major sources of Power generation

Renewable Energy

Major Renewable Energy Sources

Solar

GeothermalWaste to Energy

BiomassWind

Solar Energy

That will be explained in the succeeding slide

Technology

Concentrated Solar Power (CSP) Photovoltaic (PV)

It consists of – • Solar Collectors• Turbine• Generator & Transformer• Cooling Tower

It consists of –

•Solar Arrays• Inverter• Transformer

Solar Power Plant

lightDecomposition of water2H2O 2H2 + O2

H2

Storage and

Transport Combustion2H2 + O2 2H2O

Waste Heat

Usablehigh-quality

energy

Water Vapor

The environment

Future Technology – Solar-Hydrogen Revolution

Advantages and Disadvantages

All chemical and radioactive polluting byproducts of the thermonuclear reactions remain behind on the sun, while only pure radiant energy reaches the Earth.

Energy reaching the earth is incredible. By one calculation, 30 days of sunshine striking the Earth have the energy equivalent of the total of all the planet’s fossil fuels, both used and unused!

Advantages Disadvantages

Sun does not shine consistently.

Solar energy is a diffuse source. To harness it, we must concentrate it into an amount and form that we can use, such as heat and electricity

Addressed by approaching the problem through: 1) collection, 2) conversion, 3) storage.

State-wise Power Generation

MW

Year

Global growth of Solar Power

Global & India scenario

66.9%20.2%

2.2%1.5%

1.2% 8%

Installed Capacity (as of 2011) : 979.4 MW

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India’s Leading Players in Solar Technology

Other Applications

Architecture & Urban Planning

Agriculture & Horticulture

Solar Lighting

Water Treatment

Cooking

Solar Vehicles

Solar Sewage Treatment

Solar Water Heating

Biomass Energy

That will be explained in the succeeding slide

It is organic material made from plants and animals (microorganisms).

It contains stored energy from the sun.

Process

FOR COMBUSTION:BIOMASS FUEL + OXYGEN HEAT + WATER + CARBON DIOXIDE

Technology

Drying Zone

Gas

Distillation ZoneReduction ZoneHearth Zone

Ash Zone

Feed

Air

The main products obtained from Biomass –• Methane Gas• Ethanol• Biodiesel

Growth in Recent Times

Year

MW

India’s Potential (2012) : 25,000MW

22.24%

18.33%

8.75%8.2%

13.64%

13.71%15.13%

List of Commissioned Biomass Projects (as of 31.03.11)

Present Installed Capacity in India

Interesting Facts

Pros Cons

Positives & Not-so Positives

Leading Players of Biomass Energy in India

Geothermal Energy

That will be explained in the succeeding slide

Technology

Average gradient:– 2.5 - 3.0oC /

100mVariation:

– 1.0 - 25oC / 100m

So if assuming average, temps at depth will be:

0 m 15°C

2000 m 70°C

4000 m 120°C

Types of Geothermal Power Plants

Dry steam Binary steam Flash steam

Interesting Facts about Geothermal Energy

The Cerro Prieto Geothermal Power Station is the largest geothermal power station in the world.

Geothermal production of energy is 3rd highest among renewable energies!

In Iceland, Geothermal Energy provides•86% of their space heating•16% of their electricity generation

Produces 5% of California’s electricity, heats thousands of homes, greenhouses, office buildings.

Positives and Not-so Positives

Useful minerals, such as zinc and silica, can be extracted from underground water.

Geothermal plants can be online 90%-100% of the time.

Geothermal electric plants production in 13.380 g of Carbon dioxide per kWh

Geothermal plants do not require a lot of land, 400m2 can produce a gigawatt of energy over 30 years.

Brine can salinate soil

Extracting large amounts of water can cause land subsidence, and this can lead to an increase in seismic activity

Can release H2S, the “rotten eggs” gas.

There is the fear of noise pollution during the drilling of wells

Pros Cons

Space Heating

Air ConditioningIndustrial Processes

Drying

Greenhouses

Aquaculture Hot water

Resorts and Pools

Melting Snow

Direct Uses of Geothermal Energy

India Scenario

Indian geothermal provinces have the capacity to produce 10,600 MW

India's fist Geothermal power plant with an initial capacity of 25 Megawatts will be coming up in Andhra Pradesh's Khammam district by 2012.

Exploration of Himalayan provinces could yield enormous geothermal energy

Major Players

Global Companies Indian Companies

Waste to Energy

That will be explained in the succeeding slide

Technology

Different Processes

Most WtE processes produce electricity directly through combustion, or produce a combustible fuel commodity, such as methane, methanol, ethanol or synthetic fuels

Future projects

East Delhi Municipal Corporation to build two plants at Ghazipur of 16 MW and a capacity of 46 lakh metric tonnes

Solar Bio Energy System commissioned its first Thermophillic Biomethanation plant in Solapur, Maharashtra of 4 MW and a capacity of 80 tonnes organic compost

Tihar Jail ties up with BARC to produce biogas and manure from biodegradable kitchen waste

WtE in a nutshell

Segregated municipal solid waste is generally not available at the plant site

Lack of financial resources with Municipal Corporations/Urban Local Bodies

Lack of conducive policy guidelines from State Governments in respect of allotment of land, supply of garbage and power purchase / evacuation facilities

The majority of waste that would normally go into landfill sites can be re-usedThe fuel is obtainable cheaply

Reliable source of fuel

WtE facilities are expensive

Advantages

Disadvantages

The public at large is still unconvinced that WtE is free from harmful chemicals

On average, one ton of waste produces 525 kilowatt-hours (kWh) of electricity

Each year the average family throws away 1.5 tons of rubbish

The efficiency of a waste-to-energy plant is 20 - 30 %.

Interesting Facts

Thousands of ton of Metal can be recovered from the ash by recycling

Commercial Aspects

Present Installed Capacity in India

Total Capacity (2011) : 1683 MW

176 MW

151 MW

148 MW131 MW

123 MW

112 MW

78 MW73 MW

62 MW 191MW

It’s a new concept in the country

Commercial technologies are required to be imported

Leading Companies in India

Wind Energy

That will be explained in the succeeding slide

Tower

Rotor Hub

Nacelle

Rotor Blade

Technology

Rotor Hub

Low-speed shaft

GearboxHigh-speed shaft

Brake Brake Generator

Transformer

Techno-Commercial Aspects

Energy Pay Back Time!

Very short time. Just3-8 months,According to American Wind Energy Association

Positives

-Clean-Renewable

Not-so Positives- Always can’t run at 100 %- Can be Noisy- Back up power might be required.

Types

1. Wind farms-• Onshore• Offshore

2. Blades –• HAWT• VAWT

Cost per MW

4.5-5.25 Cr.

Wind Power growth in India

Tamil Nadu6007 MW

Gujarat

Maharashtra

Karnataka

Rajasthan

Andhra Pradesh

Estimated Potential (MNRE) : 50,000 MW for 2011

# Figures as of 31 March, 2011

Courtesy : http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wind_power_in_India

16,084

Win

d Po

wer

Cap

acity

(MW

)

Year

Leading Players in Wind Power Technology

SUZLON’s market share in India is approximately 50%

12.7 %

8 %

7.8 %7.7 %

7.6 %

7.4 %

6.3 %

3.6 %

21.2 %

9 %

8.7 %

Government Policies

Courtesy : http://www.eai.in/ref/ae/win/policies.html

India's power sector

Problems

66 %

12 %3 %

19 %

Present Installed Capacity (as of Sept’12)

Total : 207850 MW

Avg per Capita consumption (2009) : 288KWh

Courtesy : http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Electricity_sector_in_India#Demand

India needs to add about 135 GW before 2017, to satisfy the projected demand

Some Important facts

A Short Video on the future of Renewable Energy

Future of Renewable Energy

THANK YOU

A Presentation by-

Alok GuptaGaurav GautamHimanshu KashyapNimit KaushikSethuraman Arvind Iyer