Renewable Energy

SJCHS

Energy

• World energy demands increase every year (especially in China and India)

Renewable energy near Fukashima

Wind Power

• Wind Power: Wind is used to rotate a magnet that generates electricity by electromagnetic induction; 1.5% of world energy

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Wind Power

• Pros: No emissions, little environmental disturbance, works in many locations• Cons: Need steady winds or power can fluctuate (cannot make up more than 20% of nation’s power outputs); noise pollution, affects flying animals, high cost

Wind Turbines

Hydropower

• Hydropower: Water is stored behind a dam or in a high altitude lake; Water is released, spinning a turbine, making electricity; Water moves into an afterbay; 20% of world energy

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Hydropower

• Pros: High efficiency, long equipment lifetime, flood control, can use afterbay water • Cons: High cost, damming a river can affect ecosystem and fish, can flood areas beyond dam

Solar

• Solar Photovoltaics (PV): Using the sun’s rays to directly generate electricity (no turbine)

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Solar

• Sun’s rays generate electricity which is used to power house or is sent to grid during the day•At night, use electricity from the grid

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• Solar Post Solyndra

Solar

•Pros: Low emissions, “free” electricity• Cons: High cost, low efficiency (especially in cloudy areas)

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Solar

•Solar Hot Water Heaters: Using the sun’s rays to heat hot water instead of using natural gas or electricity

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Solar

•Pros: Low emissions, relatively low cost with rebates, durable• Cons: Low efficiency in cloudy areas

Solar

•Solar Thermal Power Stations: Using the sun’s rays to heat either oil, a gas, or water which will spin a turbine and generate electricity

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Solar

•Pros: Low emissions, “free” power• Cons: High cost, low efficiency, large land area

• Solar Homes

Geothermal

•Geothermal: Radioactive decay of material in Earth produces heat; water reservoir near surface is heated and can be used to spin a turbine

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Geothermal

•Pros: Low emissions, waste hot water can be used, relatively low cost• Cons: Low efficiency, can only build in areas near plate boundaries or volcanic activity, damage environment, reservoir can be depleted

Geothermal/Solar

•Ground Source Heat Pump: Temperature beneath the surface is constant year round; can use to heat or cool homes

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Geothermal/Solar

•Pros: Low emissions, “free” power• Cons: High cost

• Geothermal at home

• http://video.pbs.org/video/2352316187

Cars

• Gasoline/Diesel Cars- Internal Combustion Engines (ICE): Use a compressed gas mixed with fuel to power car; high emissions, lower cost

Cars

• Hybrids: Have an electric motor and an ICE; lower emissions and regenerative braking

• Type 1: Electric motor runs car when stopped/ moving slowly, otherwise ICE runs car

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Cars

• Type 2: Electric motor always runs car; ICE makes electricity that charges the battery for the electric motor

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Cars

• Electric Cars: Electric motor, powered by a battery, runs car; must charge battery using electricity; no emissions and regenerative braking

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Cars

•Hydrogen fuel cells: Use hydrogen as a fuel to generate electricity for an electric motor; only produces water as a waste

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• Hydrogen Fuel Cells

• Cars of the Future

Cars • Biofuels (Biogas): ICE that are run on fuels that are made from plants

• Pros: Renewable, low emissions• Cons: Can be more corrosive (need specialized engine parts), cost, lower mileage

Palm Oil