1. Prepared by Sameh Hamzawy MESC Master Student 2012 - 2014 Renewable Energy 2. 2 1. What is Energy ? 2. Energy Consumption Statistics. 3. Types of Energy Sources. 4. Renewable Vs. Non- Renewable Energy 5. Why Renewable Energy? 6. Renewable Energy Resources. 7. Conclusion Outline 3. What is Energy ? 3 Energy makes change; it does things for us. It moves cars along the road and boats over the water. It bakes a cake in the oven and keeps ice frozen in the freezer. It plays our favorite songs on the radio and lights our homes. It makes our bodies grow and allows our minds to think. . 4. 4 The different forms of energy: Energy can be obtained in number of way. It may be in the form of: (1) Chemical energy - due to chemical reaction (2) Electrical energy - due to flow of electron (3) Heat energy - due to thermal vibration (4) Light energy - due to radiation of light (5) Mechanical energy due to moving parts (6) Nuclear energy - due to nuclear reaction The SI unit of energy is Joule (or) N/m. Definition of Energy: Energy can be defined as the ability (or) capacity to do work 5. Examples of Energy Energy is all around you! You use energy when you Hit a softball. Carry your book bag. Compress a spring. You can see energy as light. You can hear energy as sound. you can feel it as wind. 6. ENERGY STATISTICS 7. - Conventional energy sources (or) Non- renewable energy sources - Non-Conventional energy sources (or) Renewable energy sources Types of Energy sources 8. Non-Conventional energy (or) Renewable energy Renewable energy is a source of energy that can never be exhausted and can be replaced continuously We can obtain renewable energy from the sun, from the water, from the wind, from crop residues and waste The types of Non-conventional (or) Renewable energies are Solar energy Tidal energy Wind energy Hydro energy 9. Conventional energy (or) Non- renewable energy Conventional (or) Non-renewable energy sources are a natural resources that cannot be re- made or re-grown at a scale comparable to its consumption. Examples: The conventional (or) Non-renewable energy sources : are fossil fuels (Oil, Coal, Petroleum and natural gas), Nuclear energy. 10. NONRENEWABLE RESOURCES 11. NUCLEAR ENERGY Nuclear fission: A large nucleus splits into several small nuclei when bumped by a neutron and energy is released in this process. Nuclear fission uses uranium to create energy. Nuclear energy is a nonrenewable resource because once the uranium is used, it is gone! 12. Why Renewable Energy ??????? 13. Why is there a need for renewable energy? The graph that we showed it , explain how much we rely on fossil fuels 90 percent of the worlds energy supplys come from fossil fuels and nuclear energy. Conventional fuels, such as used in coal, oil, or gas- fired boilers or transportation, will increase in price as supplies reduced. Thats the law of supply and demand! Imagine, how much longer can we depend on fossil fuels? Oil has 50 100 years left 14. HMMMM.... In 1960 they said this too! !!!!!!!!!!!!!!! - what has happened is that we have found new reserves of oil and new technology has made the oil we use last longer. 15. :Advantages of Renewable energy resources 1. It is fact that the consumption of non- renewable sources of energy has caused more environmental damage than any other human activity. 2. The use of fossil fuels such as oil and coal produce high concentration harmful gases in the atmosphere and creates so many problems such as global warming. 3. The renewable sources, such as the sun and wind, can never be exhausted -they will always be available - and therefore are 16. 4- They cause fewer emissions (they are more cleaner than non-renewable resources ) and are available locally. In addition, they will not damage the Earth. 5- There are several types so one or more of them is present in each country. 6- Most natural sources can be used on a small scale and serve local needs therefore cutting costs of transmitting the energy. 7- Burning fossil fuels has increased atmospheric pollution 8 -Vehicle exhausts contribute to acid rain more so than power stations burning coal. 17. Renewable Energy Sources 18. Renewable energy Solar power Biomass power Geothermal power Water power Wind power 19. SOLAR ENERGY 20. 23 Solar Energy Solar energy comes from the light of the sun, which means it is a renewable source of energy. We can use the sun light to create free electricity . Solar energy is best suited for sunny places to be able to save enough to ever pay off the equipment investment Other possible locations might be where utility power isnt available. 21. Solar Energy Systems Decomposition Collect & Distribute Energy Store EnergyRegulate EnergyCollect Energy Use EnergyDistribute EnergyControl Energy Store EnergyRegulate Energy Start 22. Solar Energy on Earth Energy from our sun (1366 W/m^2) is filtered through the atmosphere and is received at the surface at ~1000 watts per square meter or less. Air, clouds, and haze reduce the received surface energy Capture is from heat (thermal energy) and by photovoltaic cells yielding direct electrical energy. 23. Solar cells (or photocells) turn light energy from the Sun directly into direct current electricity. Manufacturing solar cells is very expensive and requires the use of high techniques. However, once the solar cell is built it produces, no pollution and requires little maintenance. This makes solar cells ideal for use in remote locations where maintenance is difficult and other sources of electricity would be expensive. Solar cells NASA/NREL 24. 27 25. Solar power stations use the energy from the sun to heat water to make steam, which is then used to drive a turbine. Some solar power stations use a series of mirrors called heliostats to reflect light onto a boiler. This solar power station in California consists of about 1800 heliostats, with an electrical output of 10 megawatts. Solar power stations Sandia National Laboratory/NREL 26. Solar cells suffer from a low efficiency. This is because only light with enough energy causes an electron to be released which is only about 25% of all sunlight. The amount of electricity a solar panel can produce depends highly on two factors: its surface area and the light intensity. Producing enough electricity to power a town would require a very large area of solar panels but covering the roof of a house can meet the annual electricity Efficiency of a solar cell 27. Solar cells can be used very effectively in the right situation. The robust nature of solar panels can be exploited in remote areas where maintenance is difficult. The Dangling Rope Marina on Lake Powell in Utah, USA, is only accessible by water. It previously depended on more than 246,000 litres of diesel to fuel its generators. A photovoltaic energy system has now been installed. It will reduce the cost of providing electricity and is clean, quiet and dependable. Effective use of solar ells Warren Gretz/NREL Sandia National Laboratory/NREL 28. Solar cells are very useful for remote locations where supplying mains electricity would be expensive. This solar-powered street light is in a remote part of a city with no mains electricity supply close by. The use of solar power in this way removes the need to lay electricity cables to the light, which is another benefit to the environment. Effective use of solar cells 29. Effective use of solar cells Solar cells are very useful where the light intensity is highest. These solar panels are in a remote part of Morocco where they are used by a local utility company. Solar cells are also useful where low amounts of power are needed. Courtesy of BP Solarex/NREL 30. Solar power stations are most effectively located in areas with high light intensity. This test design is located in Arizona where the sunlight is intense and the air temperature is high. The mirrors must track the Sun as it moves across the sky to be efficient as possible. Effective use of solar power stations Bill Timmerman/NREL 31. Some solar power stations use curved mirrors which focus the Suns energy onto pipes containing water. This heats the water forming steam. More solar power stations Warren Gretz/NREL Warren Gretz/NREL 32. kuraymat Egypt s First solar thermal Station 33. Conclusion Fossil-fuel energy will deplete in the future; it took millions of years to create that much fuel. Increasing oil, gas, and coal prices will ensure that the transition to renewable energy will occur. Renewable energy emits no pollution or carbon dioxide (although the building of the energy conversion components does) Renewable energy will eventually become mandatory, and our lifestyles will have to change to adapt The transition to increased renewable energy 34. 080101 Thank you! 35. Questions ??????