Renal system

Urogenital System FunctionsFiltering of blood, Removal of wastes and

metabolitesRegulation of – blood volume and composition– blood cell synthesis

Synthesis of Vitamin DReproduction and sexual function

URINARY SYSTEM ORGANS

• KIDNEYS (2)• URETERS (2)• URINARY BLADDER• URETHRA

Urinary System

Based on: Mader, S., Inquiry Into Life, McGraw-Hill

KIDNEYS (2)

URETERS (2)

URINARY BLADDER

URETHRA

Kidney External AnatomyIt is bean-shaped.RetroperitonealExtend from T12 – L3The right kidney is lower than the left.At its hilum; ureters, renal blood vessels, lymphatics, and nerves enter and exit.At its superior end lies the adrarenal gland.

Right kidney

Left kidney

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Internal Anatomy of Kidneys

Cortex: Outer area– Renal columns

Medulla: Inner area– Renal pyramids

Calyces– Major: Converge to form

pelvis– Minor: Papillae extend

Nephron: Functional unit of kidney.

Ureters

Muscular tubes through which urine flow from kidneys to urinary bladder.Lie on the posterior abdominal wall, Descend at tips of transverse process of lumber vertebrae.

Urinary bladder

Muscular organ pyramidal in shape.Lies in the pelvic cavity.Ureters are attached to it at the junction of superior wall and posterior wall (base).Inferiorly it is continuous with the urethra.

Urenary bladder

urethra

UrethraTransports urine from bladder to outside of bodyThe female urethra is about 4 cm. long, placed behind the symphysis pubis.Opens in the vestibule anterior to vaginal orifice. The male urethra varies from 17.5 to 20 cm., it is divided into three portions, the prostatic, membranous, and penile.It transmits urine and semen

urethra