renal regulation of body fluid dr. eman el eter. what is the impact of the following on your body...
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RENAL REGULATION OF BODY FLUID
Dr. Eman El Eter
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What is the impact of the following on your body fluid volume and osmolarity?
What happens when you are exposed to hot weather?
What if you have a stomach bug and excessive diarrhea?
What if you drink 2 liters of fluids?
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ECF
Constant concentration of electrolytes & solutes
They create the osmolarity of ECF Na+, Cl- most abundant osmostic
molecules. Osmolality is determined by the amount of
extracellular NaCl and water which depends upon balance between intake and excretion of these substances.
Normal plasma Na+ = 140-145 mEq/L Osmolarity = 300 mOsm/L
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Control of ECF osmolarity & Na+ concentration
1-Osmoreceptor –ADH mechanism. 2- Thirst mechanism
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Osmoreceptor mechanism
Changes in plasma osmolarity can lead to a cascade of events to return it back to normal.
Changes in plasma osmolarity can lead to a cascade of events to return it back to normal.
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What happens if ECF osmolarity increased?
ECF osmolarity (+) osmoreceptors in
Ant. Hypothalamus & Send signals to Supraoptic nucleus, Then to posterior Pituitary (+) ADHTo increase H2O absorption
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Where in the brain ADH is formed?
Main site for ADH synthesis
Main site for ADH synthesis
ADH is stored in posterior pituitary
ADH is stored in posterior pituitary
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Osmotic vs non-osmotic stimuli; effect on ADH
Rapid response
Rapid response
AVP=arginine vasopressin=ADH
AVP=arginine vasopressin=ADH
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Non-osmotic stimuli releasing ADH
Arterial baroreceptor reflex Chemoreceptor reflex Whenever BP & blood volume reduced,
ADH is released water retention by the kidney to restore BP to normal.
Day-to-day regulation of ADH secretion is effected mainly by changes in plasma osmolarity.
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Role of thirst in controlling ECF osmolarity & Na+ concentration
To stay in balance water intake = water loss Fluid intake is regulated by thirst mechanism Stimuli of thirst mechanism: A. Increase thirst: Increased osmolarity ECF. Decreased ECF volume. Decreased blood pressure. Angiotensin II. Dryness of the mouth. B. Decrease thirst?-Gastric distention decreases thirst.
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Role of thirst in controlling ECF osmolarity & Na+ concentration, cont….
The desire to thirst is completely satisfied when:
Plasma osmolarity,Blood volume,Or both return to normal
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Thirst mechanism
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Role of Ang II & aldosterone
They do not normally play a major role in controlling ECF osmolarity and Na+ concentration.
Their major role is to absorb sodium through distal convoluted tubules, leading to greater extracellular fluid volume and sodium quantity.
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Take home message
ADH-thirst is the most powerful feedback system in the body for controlling extracellular fluid osmolarity and sodium concentration