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What is GIS ?

An Information System that is used to input,

store , retrieve, manipulate, analyze and outputgeographically referenced data or geospatial

data, in order to support decision making for

planning and management of land use, natural

resources, environment, transportation, urbanfacilities, and other administrative records

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` Key components ofGIS are: Computer system,

geospatial data, and

users` Sources of geospatial

data are: Digitized maps, aerial

photographs, satellite

images, statistical tables,and other relateddocuments

Computer

System

Geospatial

DataUsers

Figure: Key components of GIS

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` Graphical data (called geometric data)

` Attributes (called thematic data)

Figure: Concept of Geospatial Data

Real WorldReal World

VectorVector Raster FormRaster Form

Spatial ObjectsSpatial Objects

Attributes in TablesAttributes in Tables

Pixels in

Raster

Points

Lines

Areas

Data Model

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Common problems of handing

geospatial information:

Geospatial data are poorly maintained.

Maps and statistics are out of date.

Data and information are inaccurate.

There is no data retrieval service.

There is no data sharing.

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Geospatial data are bettermaintained in a standard format.

Revision and updating are easier.

Geospatial data and information are easier to search,

analysis and represent.

More value added product.

Geospatial data can be shared and exchanged freely.

Productivity of the staff improved and more efficient.

Time and money are saved.

Betterdecision can be made.

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Maps GIS Manual works

Storage Standardized and

integrated

Different scales on

different standard

RetrievalD

igitalD

atabase Paper Maps,C

ensus,Tables

Updating Search by

Computer

Manual Check

Overlay VeryF

ast Expensive & Timeconsuming

Spatial

Analysis

Easy Complicated

Display Cheap & Fast Expensive

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Functions Sub-functions

Data Acquisition

and prepossessing

Digitizing, Editing , Topology Building, Projection

Transformation,Format Conversion etc.

DatabaseManagement

and Retrieval

Data Archival, Hierarchical Modeling , Network

Modeling, Relational Modeling, Attribute Query,

Object-orientedDatabase etc.

SpatialMeasurement

and Analysis

Measurement operations, Buffering, Overlay

operations, connectivity Operations etc.

Graphic output and

Visualization

Scale Transformation, Generalization,

Topological Map, Statistical Map etc.

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` Hardware System Central Processing Unit (CPU) Memory (RAM) > 64 MB I/O Device

x Plotters, printers, mouse, digitizers, scanners, digital camera

` Software System Operating System

x DOS, Windows

Compilerx

C++, Pascal, Fortran, BASIC Application Programs

x ArcGIS, MGE, Geo/SQL, GFIS, IDRISI*, GRASS*x * public domain software

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Geography

Cartography

Remote Sensing Photogrammetry

Surveying

Geodesy

Statistics

Operations

Research

Computer Science

Mathematics

Civil Engineering

Urban Planning

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Area GIS Applications

Facilities

Management

Locating underground pipes & cables, planning

facility maintenance, telecommunication network

services

Environmental andNatural Resources

Management

Environmental impact analysis, disastermanagement and mitigation

Street Network Locating houses and streets, car navigation,

transportation planning

Planning and

Engineering

Urban planning, regional planning, development

of public facilities

Land Information Taxation, zoning of land use, land acquisition

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Social

Infrastructure

Urban

Infrastructure

GIS

Information

Infrastructure

Environmental

Infrastructure

Economic

InfrastructureEducational

Infrastructure

Population

Land Use

Cadastre etc.

Natural Resources

PollutionDisaster etc.

Marketing

Banking

Car Navigations etc.

Police and Fire

Cable and Pipe

Transportations

Basic knowledge

Computer assisted education

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GIS forGIS for

decisiondecisionsupportsupport

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Thank you