Relation between Relation between CEN standardsCEN standards

and performanceand performancebased operations based operations

By JP Michaut Colas’ Group By JP Michaut Colas’ Group

What are the raised issues by the What are the raised issues by the implementation of the European implementation of the European

standards for aggregate and standards for aggregate and asphalt concrete in tendering ?asphalt concrete in tendering ?

Asphalt concreteAsphalt concrete

WG1 /TC227 meeting in Berlin WG1 /TC227 meeting in Berlin

What asphalt standards ?What asphalt standards ?

The figuresThe figures

7 European product standards7 European product standards 1 Reclaimed asphalt standard 1 Reclaimed asphalt standard 1 Type testing standard 1 Type testing standard 1 Factory production control standard 1 Factory production control standard 43 test standards43 test standards

European asphalt European asphalt standardsstandards

Asphalt Concrete 13108-1Asphalt Concrete 13108-1 Very Thin Asphalt Concrete 13108-2Very Thin Asphalt Concrete 13108-2 Soft Asphalt 13108-3Soft Asphalt 13108-3 Hot Rolled Asphalt 13108-4Hot Rolled Asphalt 13108-4 Stone Mastic Asphalt 13108-5Stone Mastic Asphalt 13108-5 Mastic Asphalt 13108-6Mastic Asphalt 13108-6 Porous Asphalt 13108-7Porous Asphalt 13108-7

European asphalt European asphalt standardsstandards

Reclaimed asphalt or so called RAP 13108-Reclaimed asphalt or so called RAP 13108-88

Type testing 13108-Type testing 13108-2020

Factory production control 13108-Factory production control 13108-2121

and one new European standard for Ultra Thin and one new European standard for Ultra Thin Asphalt Concrete (BBUM) ? Asphalt Concrete (BBUM) ?

Asphalt concreteAsphalt concrete

From thin asphalt concrete to EME, from From thin asphalt concrete to EME, from dense bitumen macadam to HDM and HMB dense bitumen macadam to HDM and HMB and other AC (from 4 to 15 cm thick by and other AC (from 4 to 15 cm thick by layer)layer)

One only standard for base, binder and One only standard for base, binder and wearing courseswearing courses

2 approaches: empirical or fundamental 2 approaches: empirical or fundamental

For the other standards For the other standards One empirical standard per productOne empirical standard per product

Empirical or fundamental ?Empirical or fundamental ?

Empirical = recipeEmpirical = recipe Performances related specifications Performances related specifications

(rutting)(rutting) Fundamental = stiffness modulus, Fundamental = stiffness modulus,

fatigue and triaxial fatigue and triaxial Performances based specifications Performances based specifications

But may be we can speak just about But may be we can speak just about performance and specificationperformance and specification

What content ?What content ?

General requirements (grading, void content, General requirements (grading, void content, water resistance, rutting, etc.) water resistance, rutting, etc.) You can choose You can choose

Empirical (range for grading, binder content, Empirical (range for grading, binder content, Marshall only for airfield, void filled with binder, Marshall only for airfield, void filled with binder, etc.) etc.) You can chooseYou can choose

Fundamental (modulus, resistance to permanent Fundamental (modulus, resistance to permanent deformation by triaxial test, fatigue) deformation by triaxial test, fatigue) You can chooseYou can choose

But do not forget that european standards does But do not forget that european standards does not take into account laying. not take into account laying.

Fundamental approachFundamental approach

One specification is the minimum One specification is the minimum binder contentbinder content greater than 3 %greater than 3 %

One other is the limit of target One other is the limit of target composition composition range for main sieves (1.4 D, D, 2 mm, range for main sieves (1.4 D, D, 2 mm,

0.063 mm)0.063 mm)

With fundamental approach, you can With fundamental approach, you can propose design alternative by using propose design alternative by using the real mix performances such as the real mix performances such as stiffness and fatiguestiffness and fatigue

But we must have performances for But we must have performances for all mixes all mixes

What changes due to type What changes due to type testing?testing?

Type testing or how to prove Type testing or how to prove that asphalt concrete meets that asphalt concrete meets

standard requirementsstandard requirements

A single mix formulation is valid for 5 years A single mix formulation is valid for 5 years except if changes in aggregate (category, particle except if changes in aggregate (category, particle density, etc.) or in bitumendensity, etc.) or in bitumen

Laboratory validationLaboratory validation

oror Production validationProduction validation

or or Production and laboratory validationProduction and laboratory validation

List of tests per product to carry out to List of tests per product to carry out to demonstrate standard conformitydemonstrate standard conformity

One test for one propertyOne test for one property

What changes due to the What changes due to the factory production control factory production control

??

Systematic production controlSystematic production control

More or less control for certain More or less control for certain mixing plants mixing plants

Factory production controlFactory production control

Based on quality assurance (ISO 9001)Based on quality assurance (ISO 9001) Based on detailled analysis of the mix Based on detailled analysis of the mix Depending of non conformities (figures Depending of non conformities (figures

outside tolerances), level of minimum outside tolerances), level of minimum frequency for analysis of finished productfrequency for analysis of finished product

Level fo frequency fixed by the standard Level fo frequency fixed by the standard (more or less numerous)(more or less numerous)

Guide for audit by notified body is in the Guide for audit by notified body is in the standard standard

Before works, you have to prove that Before works, you have to prove that your mix meets the standard your mix meets the standard requirements: this is type testingrequirements: this is type testing

During works, you have to check During works, you have to check asphalt manufacturing : this is asphalt manufacturing : this is factory production control (loose mix)factory production control (loose mix)

But for laying, you have to prescribe But for laying, you have to prescribe the controls or the performances you the controls or the performances you want : this is the contract. want : this is the contract.

To conclude for asphaltTo conclude for asphalt

En asphalt standard will be published En asphalt standard will be published in April 2006in April 2006

Withdrawal of all national asphalt Withdrawal of all national asphalt standards in December 2007standards in December 2007

You have to write your national You have to write your national forewords and also may be a guide forewords and also may be a guide to describe your choice to describe your choice

And for aggregateAnd for aggregate

Already applied since July 2003Already applied since July 2003

Withdrawal of national standard Withdrawal of national standard Since June 2004Since June 2004

Just one only standard Just one only standard

Four partsFour parts

1.1. Aggregate characteristics and Aggregate characteristics and specificationsspecifications

2.2. Initial type testing or How to prove Initial type testing or How to prove that the aggregates meet the that the aggregates meet the standard requirementsstandard requirements

3.3. Factory production controlFactory production control

4.4. And a national forewordAnd a national foreword

Characteristics and Characteristics and specificationsspecifications

Sieve sizes (3 possibilities)Sieve sizes (3 possibilities)Basic set, basic set + set 1 or basic set + set 2Basic set, basic set + set 1 or basic set + set 2

GradingGrading

Choice of physical or manufacturing Choice of physical or manufacturing characteristics and choice of characteristics and choice of specifications or notspecifications or not

Initial type testingInitial type testing

For a new sourceFor a new source

Major change in the nature of the Major change in the nature of the raw materials or in the processing raw materials or in the processing conditionsconditions

But in fact, tests used are those But in fact, tests used are those for factory production controlfor factory production control

Factory production controlFactory production control

Based on quality assuranceBased on quality assurance Minimum test frequency are Minimum test frequency are

specified, examples:specified, examples: Grading: one per week and per sizeGrading: one per week and per size Shape of coarse aggregate: one per Shape of coarse aggregate: one per

monthmonth And one audit by notified bodyAnd one audit by notified body

What differences ?What differences ?

Grading : perforated sieves Grading : perforated sieves and not wire sieve and not wire sieve (adaptation or interpretation (adaptation or interpretation issue ?) issue ?)

Example: 4/6.3 mm control Example: 4/6.3 mm control (1.4 D) or 8.82 mm(1.4 D) or 8.82 mm

Close sieves in set 2 are 8 Close sieves in set 2 are 8 and 10 and 10

But ISO 565 , R20 set: 9 mm ?But ISO 565 , R20 set: 9 mm ? Then which one to choose ?Then which one to choose ?

But are they ?But are they ?

1.1. Well known asphalt concrete formulationWell known asphalt concrete formulation2.2. Keep the same composition (x% of each Keep the same composition (x% of each

constituant)constituant)3.3. Grading curve with perforated sieveGrading curve with perforated sieve4.4. New grading curveNew grading curve5.5. But always the same formulation and But always the same formulation and

composition composition

Wide grading : no differenceWide grading : no differenceNarrow grading : light differenceNarrow grading : light difference

You have to do your own experienceYou have to do your own experience

But also some difficultiesBut also some difficulties

Measurement of aggregate particle Measurement of aggregate particle density before and after: not the same density before and after: not the same resultsresults

Some standards are already reviewed Some standards are already reviewed due to mistake, difficulty for performing due to mistake, difficulty for performing test, etc (in progress)test, etc (in progress)

Conformity criterias are missing Conformity criterias are missing

Positive and negative Positive and negative effects !!!effects !!!

In Europe, we will speak the same In Europe, we will speak the same language and we will use the same language and we will use the same test methods (PE)test methods (PE)

Each mix has to be checked every 5 Each mix has to be checked every 5 years (PE)years (PE)

Each mix of each mixing plant has to Each mix of each mixing plant has to have a type testing (PE)have a type testing (PE)

Factory control more efficient based Factory control more efficient based on regular frequency production (PE) on regular frequency production (PE)

Positive and negative effects and Positive and negative effects and others !!!others !!!

Difficulty to understand european Difficulty to understand european standards and hence the need to standards and hence the need to have a national foreword (NE)have a national foreword (NE)

Need a fundamental approach for Need a fundamental approach for each product (porous asphalt, SMA, each product (porous asphalt, SMA, etc)etc)

Need to describe the performances Need to describe the performances for laying (in terms of compacity or for laying (in terms of compacity or others) others)

To concludeTo conclude

En asphalt standard will be published in En asphalt standard will be published in April 2006April 2006

Withdrawal of all national asphalt Withdrawal of all national asphalt standards in December 2007standards in December 2007

Writing of national forewords in progress Writing of national forewords in progress for certain countries for certain countries

And good luck for implementationAnd good luck for implementationin your contractsin your contracts