regional meeting for cooperation on facilitation of ...regional meeting for cooperation on...
TRANSCRIPT
Regional Meeting for Cooperation on Facilitation of International
Railway Transport
Ahmar Ismail, Director, South Asian Association for Regional Cooperation
(SAARC)
Bangkok – 13-15 2014
2
SAARC
AFGHANISTAN
Regional Groupings• SAARC
1985
• BIMSTEC
1996 (Bangladesh, Bhutan, India,
Myanmar, Nepal, Sri Lanka,
Thailand)
• ECO
1995 (RCD 1985)
• ASEAN 1967
• SCO
2001/1996 (China, Kazakhstan,
Kyrgyzstan, Russia,
Tajikistan and Uzbekistan)
Multiplicity of Regional Blocs• Relatively a new phenomenon
• Variety in Geographic location (South Asia‐Central Asia‐South East Asia‐Middle East to Europe’s doorstep)
• Economic market consideration
• Delivery of Common Objectives
• Development level of individual States‐time to integrate –
mid‐term or short‐term?
• Competition
vs Cooperation
South Asia: Strong – but weak
• Non‐symmetric trade patterns; vast difference in market sizes
• Economics – vs – Politics
• Population – humongous – but think of a human body !!!
• High economic disparities…1/3below poverty line
• Inter‐regional vs extra‐regional trade – which one offers better incentives ??? Which one is more convenient ???
• Doing business in the other state – system conveniences
• Despite SAPTA and SAFTA, intra regional trade remains at a dismal
3% level• With
1.5
billion
people,
the
region
accounts
for
more
than
1/5
of
world pop.
• There is great diversity among SAARC member states. • There is great variation in per capita GDP from $12000 in Maldives
to $1900 in Afghanistan
Regional Highlights• Population
density
in
SA
310
persons/sqkm,
7
times
more
than world average of 46 person/sqkm
• Trade
and
Transport
are
closely
related,
and
efficient
transport system has a direct bearing on Development/FDI
• In
SA,
more
than
500
million
people
are
still
below
poverty
line
• Although incidence of poverty has declined in the recent past,
SA
still
hosts
30%
of
World’s
poor
living
on
less
than
US$1.0
per day.
• Economic
growth
is
thus
essential
for
reducing
poverty,
in
which transport plays a crucial role. Access to major markets,
enhancing tourism dev. etc., could have positive contribution.
Advantages• Proximity of Distances
• Huge population = huge markets to exploit
• Potential for Industrialization – less labour costs• Common challenge –
CONNECTIVITY
• RAIL – most cost effective mode of transport
Trends in Transport Development
• Transport network in SA is fragmented, although basic infrastructure is in place for mainland
countries • Before 1947, transport system of SA, particularly in
mainland countries, was integrated.• Following partition of British India, transport system
developed only in the national context.• SAARC countries accounted for 10% of World road
network in 2002, and % of paved roads varied between 25% (BD) to 55% (Pak) and 53.2% (Ind).
• SA has one of the largest rail network in the World, of which 70% BG. About 30% freight and 20%
passengers carried by Railway.
State of Transport CooperationState of cooperation in different modes:
Road Transport •No direct movement between India & Bangladesh, where axle load limit was
8.2 tons and now 10 tons •Bus services (limited scale) between India‐Bangladesh and India‐Pakistan are
operating
Rail Transport•Main network BG, but coupling and breaking systems are different•Railway serving Nepal through Birgunj ICD since July 2004 •India‐Pakistan: Samjhauta Express, Thar Express
Maritime Transport •Several
gateways
to
serve
SA,
and
will
continue
to
be
important
mode
for
trade
Air transport •Capital cities connectivity by direct flights limited
Facilitation Measures• Absence of Agreements is a critical barrier
SAARC initiatives• 2006 SAARC REGIONAL MULTIMODAL TRANSPORT STUDY
identified preferential Rail/Road/Water/Air corridors.
• Summit –
Transport/Foreign Ministers –
Bureaucracies
involved in negotiating
• Railways Agreement,
• Demo Run of a Container Train
• Motor Vehicles Agreement,
• Passenger/Freight Ferry Service and
SRMTS‐ RAIL CORRIDORS
SRMTS‐ RAIL CORRIDORS
SRMTS‐ RAIL CORRIDORS
SRMTS‐ RAIL CORRIDORS
SRMTS‐ RAIL CORRIDORS
The Process• After 2006 SRMTS, Inter‐Governmental‐
Group on Transport discussed a variety of corridors.
• An Expert Group constituted – 2009 – to discuss (i) Railways Agreement, (ii) Motor Vehicles Agreement.
• Progress achieved
SAARC Railways Agreement• Compared to TAR’s 50 years
• SAARC Railways Agreement ‐
TAR’s Southern Corridor
• Providing the Missing links by enhancing connectivity among
individual Member States.
• India‐Bangladesh: Benapole‐Petrapole, Darsana‐Gede, Rohanpur‐Singhabad
• Afghanistan‐Pakistan: Peshawar‐Jalalabad, Chaman‐
SpinBoldak,
• Offers immense trade potential for land‐locked countries in
SA region: Afghanistan, Bhutan, Nepal. Though, sea‐Locked
ones have lesser benefits to reap.
Salient features of theSAARC Railways Agreement• Aims to open national railway lines (either
existing, under construction or planned) for regional and international transport.
• Identifies specific railway lines to be developed to facilitate cross‐border passenger/freight
traffic.
• Lays down standards related to Technical characteristics of the important railway
networks in SAARC region.
SAARC Railways Agreement• Appropriately addresses passenger/freight
transit issues
• Specifies modes of financial transactions including terminal dues etc. – aiming at ‘single
transaction’.
• Lays down customs and immigration modalities.
• Provides ‘dispute resolution’
mechanism through SARCO
Demo Run of a Container Train• In one of the InterGovernmental meetings, India proposed to
run a Demonstration Container Train from Bangladesh to
Afghanistan via Nepal, India and Pakistan. • Following discussion, it’s been agreed that at the initial stage,
a container train would have a demonstration run between
Bangladesh –
India –
Nepal. This was in keeping with the fuller
Proposal to cover the sectors up to Lahore and Kabul which
would be taken up in due course. • Subsequently, CONCOR‐India carried out a study related to
commercial viability of the proposed alternatives for the
container train operation. [mid 2013]• Expected to be operationalized soon, after addressing some
technical issues in one of the Member States involved in the
Demonstration Run of the Container Train.
Concluding Remarks
• Finally, what is required is the political will and commitment of SAARC Members to resolve the barriers, in order to put in place an SRMT System
• Joining rail links in SA = a more connected TAR