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INT 313 1

A Review of Idealist/Realist Debate

Idealism Wilson, Zimmern

Optimistic/Progressive

Outlook Collective Security

Institutionalizing peace nstitutions transcending

states

Colloboration International Institutions

Realism Carr, Morgenthau

Pessimistic/StabilityOutlook

Structural anarchy

War & Security

ndependent states

National interests,security, power, zero-

sum competition

Balance of Power


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INT 313 2

Lecture Outline (17.10.2002)

Theories of Political Integration

1. Functionalism

2. Neo-Functionalism

3. Interdependence

4. International Regimes

5. Systems Theory

6. World Federalism

7. Epistemic Communities


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Theories of Political I ntegration

1. What is political integration?


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Political Integration

The process or the product of efforts to

build new political communities and

supranational institutions that

transcend the state


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The Purposes of Political Integration

To remove states incentives for war

To engineer reform programs

To transform international institutions

from instruments of states to structures

over them


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Functionalism

David Mitrany, A Working Peace System,

1966

Ernst Haas, Beyond the Nation-State, 1964


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Functionalism

a gradualist approach to world order with theattainment of political federation by installments

Peace by pieces A bottom-up evolutionary view

Why a gradualist approach?How a gradualist approach?


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Functionalism

Why a gradual ist approach?

Because state sovereignty is so firmly for thestates and it is very difficult for the states to cease

itThe conflicts among states are generally

exempted from political issues

Thus, it is very difficult to provide integration

between states in political matters

So, how can cooperation be achieved?


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FunctionalismHow a gradualist approach?

In Political Issues cooperation isunlikely to occur

So what to do?


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In Political Issues cooperation isunlikely to occur

So what to do?

It is relatively easy to attain cooperation in

non-political matters

What are these?


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Cooperation in non-political areas

build

habits of interaction

spil l overeffect

Cooperation in the political areas


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FunctionalismHow can functionalist theory be criticized?

the distinction between political and non-political

the transition from non-political to politicalintegration may not be possible

state sovereignty is underestimated in

functionalist theory


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Neofunctionalism

the supremacy of political factors

the political/non-political aspects are

totally different so there is not a way fromnon-political therough political

Integration should begin by the political

issues. Then it would include all otheraspects of life

Maastricht Treaty on EU


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NeofunctionalismPreconditions for a proper poli tical I ntegration


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geographical proximity

steady economic growth

similar political systems supportive public opinion

cultural homogeneity

internal political stability

Similar historical experiences

Compatible forms of government and economicsystems


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INT 313 16


Similar level of economic resources

a shared perception of common external threat

Bureaucratic compatibilities

Previous corroborative efforts

similar level of military preparedness


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Neofunctionalism

Cooperation in Political Matters

Spill Over

Nation-state Spill Round Federation

Spill Back


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Interdependence


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Interdependence

Changes in one nation produce significant

changes in one or more others

In emerged as a challenge to the realist

analysis of world politics?

In what ways?


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Interdependence

By Challenging 3 Premises of Realism

1. States as coherent units are the dominant actors

in world politis2. Force is a usable and effective instrument of

policy

3. There is a hierarchy of issues in world politics

INTEGRATION IS IMPOSSIBLE


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INT 313 21

Interdependence


1. States as coherent units are the dominant actors inworld politis

Multiple Channels Connect Societies

informal ties btw. Govt. Elites

informal ties btw. Non-govt. Elites

transnational orhanizations

3 types of Channels

interstate

transgovernmental

transnational


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Interdependence


2. Force is a usable and effective instrument of

policyMilitary Force is not employed btw. Govts that

locate in the same region or issue area


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Interdependence



There is not an hierarchy of issues in the agenda ofinterstate relations


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Interdependence



There is not an hierarchy of issues in the agenda of interstaterelations

Energy resources Defense

Environment Health

Population Education

Use of Seas Welfare

Agriculture Justice

Commerce Labor

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