Reform and Progress helped by

Simulation & Gaming

Proceedings of

the ISAGA'93 Conference Bucharest, Romania 27- 31July 1993

. Eduard Radaceanu (Editor)

CONTENTS

FOREWORD .................................................................................................. VII

EXPERIENCES WITH TRANSFERRING AMERICAN BUSINESS SCHOLL FACULTY, THEORY AND TEACHING METHODS TO A POST -SOCIALIST ECONOMY: A DELPHY PANEL STUDY -Joseph Wolfe .............................. .

GAMING SIMULATION: TOWARDS A NEW EDUCATION- Giorgio Panizzi .... 11

SOME ASPECTS CONCERNING SIMULATION AND GAMING IN THE TRANSITION PERIOD - Eduard Radaceanu ......................................... 15

HAM Support: A POLICY SUPPORT SYSTEM FOR HUMAN RESOURCE MANAGEMENT- John H. G. Klabbers, Paul Sweere ................ 20

THE PARKING GARAGE SIMULATION John F. Lobuts, James Oldson ...... 35

ASTRA TEGic MODEL ON THE TRANSITION PROCESS TO THE FREE- MARKET ECONOMY -Dan Ardelea, Cezar Scarlat ......... ,....... 43

A METHOD FOR RESTUCTURING AND FORECASTING COMPLEX INTERDISCIPLINARY SOCIETAL PROBLEMS- Dorian J. De Tombe .......... 47

THE DISTRIBUTION CHANNEL GAMES- Richard Teach ............................ 58

TRAINING BY COUNSELLING OUTLINE OF A MONITORING MODEL TO BE USED BY THE S.M. E. C.-Florin Danalache, Joana Hoisescu ....................................................... ........... 73

INTERCULTURAL EXPERIENCE IN STRATEGI.C MANAGEMENT-Francisc - VIctor Bodo .... . .. .. .... .. .. . .. .... ...... ...... .... .......... .... .. ........ .......... ......... 80

THE SELFSOLVATION AND THE METAMODELING AS SYSTEMIC AND CYBERNETIC LOGISTICAL PATTERNS OF AN ECONOMIC AND SOCIAL TRANSITION PERIOD - Nicolae Bulz ..................................... 86

• UTILIZATION OF COMPUTERS IN TEACHING ENGLISH FOR SPECIAL PURPOSES (ESP) - A. Gonceasenko, A. Mardari, A. Pinzarl,l. Miron, E. Ruga, V. Singhirei, L Vizdoaga .................................... 96

• UPON THE POSSIBILITY OF MODELING THE SECURITY OF THE LARGE SYSTEMS - Gheorghe Ilia . .......... .......... ........................ 98

• THE FOUR Es OF DEBRIEFING SIMULATIONS: EVENTS, EMOTIONS, EMPATHY, EXPLANATIONS- Charles F. Petranek .................................. 109

• DESIGNING EXERCISES FOR STRATEGIC POLICY DEVELOPMENT: AN EXAMPLE - Lenneke Post, lvo Wenzler ................ 117

• FLEXIBLE TIME SCHEDULES: STRATEGIC POLICY EXERCISE Roosen, lvo Wenzler ...................... ;............................................................ 126

• THE DECISIONAL GAME EDCON-2·- Eduard Radaceanu ...................... 133

• CROSS-CULTURAL COMMUNICATION, LANGUAGE LEARNING, MULTIMEDIA AND SIMULATION/GAMING: A CASE STUDY-Janet Sutherland, David Crookall, Kiyoshi Arai, Valdis Sisters, Amparo Garcia Carbonell, Alexander Gruntsev, Vladimir Kaschitsin, Unda Mak, Paula Sunderman, Richard Teach, Francis Watts.................... 139

• CONTRIBUTIONS TO THE SIMULATION OF THE MAN-TASK INTERACTION AS AN APPLICATION ON THE PREVENTION OF ACCIDENTOUS TENDENCIES IN MAN,;,MACHINE SYSTEMS -Kovacs Stefan .......................................... 147

• HEALTH POLICY IN SECONDARY SCHOOLS: A POLICY EXERCISE-Vincent Peters, Wim Ter Beek, Judith van der Horst ................................ 152-162

• PROFIT- A RESPONSE TO CONSTRAINTS UPON THE DESIGN OF TRAINING GAMES IN ECONOMICS, - Claude Bourles ........................... 163

• CREATIVE BEHAVIOUR FOR MANAGERIAL TEAMS- Mariana Vencu ... 171

• PLAYERS' PERFORMANCE IN BUSINESS GAMES lon Stanciolu, GheOrghe Militaru .............................................. ............. ....... 17S

COMMUNICATION MODELS- AN INSTRUMENT OF STRATEGIC MANAGEMENT- Dumitru Radu Stanciu............................... 183

SMALL BUSINESS DEVELOPMENT CENTER- CLIENTS'

REPORTING SYSTEM -loana Juliana Hoisescu ........................................ 189

TWENTY YEARS OF BUILDING SIMULATION TOOLS AND APPLICATION MODELS- Maria Lovin, Matei Bogdan,Oorin Panaite ......... 195

SIMULATION IN A CHANGING-Alexandra N. Bernstein,Joan K. Teach........................................................ 198

Assembled abstracts . . . . .. ... .. . . . . . . . . ..... ... . . .. . ... .. . . .. . . . .... .. . . . . . . . .. . . . .. . .. . . . . .. . . . .. . . . . . . . . 209

Index of authors ......................................................... ......................... .... ..... 217

Ust of authors and their address.................................................................. 218

Meeting I SAGA Steering Committee ................... ......... ......................... ..... 222

ISAGA Steering Committee ........................................ ......... ............. ... .. .... 223

APPENDIX ........................................... :............................................... ...... 225 - Welcoming letter ............................................................. ............ 227

-Maps ........................................................................................... 229

- !SAGA '93 Conference sessions (programme) ........................... 231

ECHOS AFTER THE CONFERENCE

1banks are expressed to Simulation & Gaming Journal and to SAGE Publications INC. for the permission to reproduce this Report.

Simulation in a Cha:1ging Romania: Report on !SAGA '93

Alexandra N. Bernstein Simulation &: Gaming

Joan K. Teach Lullwater School

In July 1993 /SAGA members con•m•~d in B~ho.nst, Roman ill for the 24th Annual C011fennce; highlights were after-hoUT:r games and simulations, cultural excursions, papers delivued by Romani4n calleaguu 011 preparing for the new tc011omic systtm, and introd11etions tot he major acadmric institutions of B~~eharen. Gamer:r from around the world prestnted their research, innowuion.r, Gnd simulations. Above all, participants W«rt privilt!g'-d to 1!11jny th, v,ry ~.oarm, thoughtful, and Gil-encompassing hospitality of the organizer, Eduard Radaceanu, and the Romani4nlnstitute of Management (IROMA).

KEYWORDS: economic change; ISAGA; managing change; organizational change; Romania.

For most of the participants at the 24th Annual Conference of the Inter-national Simulation and Gaming Association, the 27-31 July, 1993 meeting afforded a first trip to Romania. Knowing that, conference organizers ar-ranged for participants to visit a broad range of academic institutions through-out Bucharest Each day the participants assembled and were guided through the city streets, as conference coordinators pointed out local landmarks on the way to the day's site.

The conference was organized by Eduard Radaceariu, Scientific Director of the Romanian Institute of Management (IROMA), which offers diplomas· in management and in international cooperation and is the headquarters of the Romanian Association of Simulation and Gaming. The theme for ISAGA '94 was "Active teaching methods,. simulation, and gaming to help the refonn. By simulation and gaming we Jearn to build a better future." Opening

SIMULATION &GAMING, Vol2S No. I, Mardi 1994 123-132.

198 Proceedings I SAGA '93

sessions were held at the Romanian Academy Aula. a beautiful neoclassic forum. Welcoming remarks were delivered by Eduard Ridlc:eanu (Scientific Director of IROMA), Jan Klabbers (ISAGA Secretary Gerunl), N. N. Constantinescu (General Secretary of the Romanian Academy and President of its Economic Science Section). Hirobaru Seki (former President of ISAGA), Marius Guran (Counselor to the President of Romania). Richard Teach (Georgia Tech and ISAGA Steering Committee), Emil Constantinescu (Rector of Bucharest University and President of the Romanian Council of Rectors), and Fred Percival (1992-1993 President of ISAGA).

Simulation and Economic Reform

Conference presentations covered a wide range of topics, touching on the conference theme in different ways. The papers that dealt with economic reform were many. Eduard Radaceanu reflected on the role that simulation and gaming is currently playing during the transition in Romania to a market economy. Radaceanu spoke of the difficulty in interpreting current situations in the light of emerging problems, saying that new social and economic structures must be provided as social needs are reinterpreted and human resources change. Unemployment, consumption of resources, and destruc-tion of traditional markets have made it impossible to predict the future by looking back. Simulations, in providing accurate problem formulations, offer planners new perspectives. Radaceanu noted that although Romania is not unique, by developing successful strategies it could provide leadership to other former communist countries. Simulations and games could be major influences in shaping these strategies. In addition, they are fun, enjoyable, and provide a lasting learning base. Social, economic, and cultural develop-ment can be modeled by simulation as a means of predicting change.

Some sessions took place on the campus of Bucharest Politehnica, the largest institution of higher education in Romania. The president of the Politehnica welcomed ISAGA and invited participants to search for ways to support the economic and social transition from a command economy to a market economy. Dan Ardelea and Cezar Scarlat (Romania) reported on the transition to a free market economy. Ardelea deseribed the privatization and decentralization of the economy a5 a change in ownership and objectives. No longer functioning within a familiar social-political structure, the new econ-omy has new objectives developed around privately held enterprise, risk taking, inflation, and uneven growth. Entrepreneurs struggle with market competition and undermining labor issues, but have few, if any. experiences

Proceedings ISAGA'93 199

to fall back on. Reports indicate that there exists five private to one state-owned corporation. Another dimension of concern is the falling real GNP level and the rote of the market economies in competing Eastern European countries. Romania's free market economy has oveiWhelming social, eco-nomic, and scientific implications for its citizens.

Joana Hoisescu, Francis-Victor Bodo, Eugen Rapa, and Adrian Moraru (Romania) described variations of using small business development centers to encourage counseling for small and medium enterprises and provide technical support. They provide case studies and role-playing through simu-lations as means to change attitudes and approaches. Moraru described the Assessment Center in Bucharest: the center uses case study and the develop-ment of games and workshops to provide observational documentation of participants. After analyzing the documentation, staff appointments are made from among the participants, assigning to top managerial positions those forecast to have the highest potential.

Ardelea and Florin Dttnalache (Romania) described their use of a com-puter simulation, DECISION SUPPORT SYSTEMS FOR MANAGERS, to move from technical and prescriptive decision making to descriptive and behaviomlly based decision making. Fabian Csaba, CarmenMartulari, Radu Stroe, and Gheorghe Ciobanu (Romania) described the fluctuating demands of the new market place as the driving force behind production decisions. They provided analysis of the demand data through interactive algorithms. Dorin Panaite (Romania) described an interactive computer program that investigates economic variables and ways to document, store, and compound economic variables in the metallurgical field so that the Metallurgic Institute can train forecasters using his management game. Georghe Ilie (Romania) spoke about a ·computer simulation used for predicting price changes, credit ratings, research and development, needs for large systems, and the develop-ment of new resources.

At the Dragan European Business School, a center for marketing manage-ment and consulting with a focus on the international market, Dean :Mihai Demetrescu presented a current research project, surveying the privatization process in Rumanian finns. The pr~ject is looking at strategic perspectives and changes in the direction of management, distribution, and organization of human resources. Demetrescu·said he was so impressed with ISAGA participants that he wanted to propose a joint symposium with the Interna-tional Academy of Cybernetics. Ion StAncioiu and Gheorghe Militaru (Ro-mania) descnbed their TOTAL ENTYSU GAME. The g:-unr.! involves ma-nipulations of price, promotions, research, and development; students learn the process of predicting and working within competitive bounds.

2001 Proceedings ISAGA'93

Simulation in Policy and Planning

Several presentations dealt with the use of simulation in policy develop-ment and futures studies. Hiroharu Seki (Japan) talked about forecasting the future through global modeling. As enteiprises become more international. gaming may become successful in ·processing the interactions to forecast the future. Although the scientific world does.~ot yet accept the methodology Of gaming, Seki thinks that global modeling will eventually become a reliable forecasting procedure.

Dorian DeTombe (Netherlands) presented a computer simulation model to forecast restructuring and support for complex societal problems. She spoke of the difficulty of defining issues in political. psychological, and economical tenns, and the impo~ce of developing generally acceptable definitions. Her procedure involves forming visual hypotheses from multiple informants, which are then conceptually developed into a model. With computer facilitation. ideas are generated and data is analyzed. They are then grouped according to a variety of predictions.

Lenneke Post (Netherlands} provided a model for the development of policies utilizing simulations and role-playing. The model emphasizes the interdependency of all involved sectors and agencies and provides networks for private and public agencies 10 interact toward this goal. This interaction facilitates modification of goals, sharing of information, and clarification of processes. An important part of the exercise involv-es a graphic depiction of the model; made after the initial exercise, showing all functional interrela-tionships. The actoiS are brought together again to examine the graphic and to rework the model.

Wun TerBeek (Netherlands} presented a simulation tool to provide Dutch secondary schools a means to analyze the health situation of a school and make plans for improving the school environmenL The simulation involves students. faculty. and staff in defining health hazards around the school (e.g., cafeteria, heating systems, playground, pollution, tiaffic}, identifying reme-dial measures, and participating in their implementation.

Eduard Rldaceanu presented EDCON-2, a decision game abOut the· development of multicriterion analysis. The scenario involves the real prob-lem· of development opportuniti~s in a town of 50,000. Options include building a housing development on a rivet, on a hill. or in the center of the city. Students are given-eritcria and apply algorithms to select alternatives and find the optimal solution. Students focus on communication, sharing what they need to know, analyzing abe multiple criteria, and optimizing and analyzing the solution.

Piocccdings IS.AGA'93 ,lOI

Valdis Bistm (Latvia) described the wort of the Environmental Center in Riga and the role that models play in lhe tiaining program on resource managemenL The program comprises four core games: FISH BANKS, STRATAGEM.POLLunONCONlROL,andBYTHELAKE.Theseareused withinlheDepartrnentofEconomicstoprovidestudentstrue-to-lifeexperiences.

Simulation in Business

Jan Klabbers (Netherlands) reported on the changing European banking system and described the Policy Support System for human resources man-agement. He reflected on the changes that Dutch banks faced with both decentralization and increased European regulation. The role of the Human Resources Management System is to provide corporations with simulations that enable them to manage their human resources better. An environmental simulation helps management prepare for changing regulations and require-ments by supporting employee flexibility and efficiency. Companies reduce production costs by absorbing and conveying new technology effectively and by providing an organizational culture that is supportive of employees.

Richard Teach (USA) presented a variation of the MIT BEER GAME. Following manufacturers, retailers, and distributors through a 6-month buy-ing cycle, participants discovered the importance of time lag in inventory control and ordering. A paradox was discovered as the market expanded over a short period, distributors overordered, manufacturers overproduced, and excessive inventories resulted from a doubling of demand. Debriefing was the prime learning tool of this exercise with the discovery that everyone blames everyone else. The outcome indicates insecurity and the inability to communicate and trust one another along the channel of distribution.

Gabriela Stroe (Romania) reemphasized the factors of strategies and communication in a summary of her strategic management ttaining games. The format of these games places students as managers in a survival course, which enhances decision making based on price, sates, financing, and invest-ments. Analysis includes factors of economics, inflation, interest mtes, population changes, distribution costs, and the cost and availabilitY of raw material. Decisions are based on selected objectives and strategies, providing students with results reflecting a firm's outcome and success. · ~tefan Kovacs (Romania) described a simulation that replicates interne-lions between humans and machines in a manufacturing process. This tool is used to identify the desired human-machine int~and discover the causal chains of events that lead to accidents.

20l Proceedings ISAGA '93

Learning and "!Uchlng Methodology

The topic of learning was discussed in several aspects. John Lobuts (USA) offered a cognitive challenge to learning.-His topic, Learning to Learn, dealt with experiencing levels of consciousness. Lobuts deliberated on the many facets of knowing something; he described our confidence in expounding that which we know and invited us to discover how easily we could be led to believe we knew something for certain. The participants discovered how glibly their brains could develop a set of patterned responses and how easily one could generalize by conditioned assumptions.

Joan Teach (USA) ran a hands-on workshop on an innovative writing method. Through the creative modes of clustering and thought chaining, participants worked through the beginning phase of the method with colored markers as stimuli and verbal brai.nstorming as the approach. Participants determined their own goals and focused on a formative writing experience that, if expanded, would develop into prose.

Charles Petranek (USA) presented the Four E's of Debriefing Simula-tions: Events, Emotions, Empathy, and Explanations. As participants role-played hurricane survivors, he maneuvered them to experience a simulated grieving experience as those things and persons near and dear were lost and destroyed. The exercise facilitates understanding events, identifying feelings or emotions, feeling empathy for others, and being in touch with the diverse aspects of grieving. Petranek emphasized that debriefing should be a part of any simulation as it is a bridge to understanding the thoughts and feelings that have emerged from an exercise. Further, he suggested that writing should be a part of any debriefing because it is significant to synthesis of emotional interactions and it facilitates awareness of one's own thinking processes.

Joseph Wolfe (USA) presented his study on the similarities between American and Hungarian business students. Hungarian students were de-scribed as focused on career importance, highly motivated, and concerned over their firm's security while privatizing. They were mostly engineers with no business background, but with strong quantitative skills, which led them to analyze the algorithm behind simulations rather than actually synthesize the situation as a learning experience. Hungarian students were sophisticated in European politics, bilingual, and preferred to memorize material for testing purposes, but were unaccustomed· to homework, case analysis. and simula-tions. American students were more aware of the academic_ demands of a business program and more prepared to study and do research on a theoretical concept. but were short on foreign language abilities. Wolfe's results have been formulated into a process that will be used to introduce the American business education system into other countries. Wolfe noted also that Hungar-

Proccedings ISAGA '93 103

ian professors were seen not to be doing much~ they are side-tracked by outside jobs. large teaching loads, and poor libraries.

lonel Chera (Romania) discussed lhc potential value of open distance leaming and its strength in developing quality through standards and credi-bility. She said tbat open learning must be flexible, have content readily available through interactive multimedia, provide a SbUCtured learning set, be timed to the individual, and culminate in an assessment procedure. Distance learning must be tutorial, include modem modes of communication, have the flexibility of being available at varied times and places to extend access, and provide continuing educational situations. Chera said that open distance learning should go beyond the normal course curriculum, enabling individualized learning in the mode, at the pace, and for the need of the student

A presentation on PROJECT IDEALS (Promoting an Intemat.ional Di-mension in Education via Active Learning and Simulation) highlighted the learning that takes place in an interactive simulation. Copresenters were David Crookall 3Ild Richard Teach (USA), Kiyoshi Aiai (Japan), Frances Watts and Amparo Gareis-Carbonell (Spain), Janet Sutherland (Germany), and Valdis Bisters (Laf,via), each of whom had teams involved in IDEALS. In this project, teams researched. the many aspects of use and conservation of natural resouroes; ultimately they negotiated and wrote a treaty to preserve the resources of the oceans. Teams represented hypothetical countries with specific dimensions, cultural characteristics, and economies. Through an electronic mail system, decisions were made and transmiued through a main-frame computer in the United States. Each country's facilitator in this session presel)ted the unique attributes of his or her students and projects as wen as the learning that took place. Students' current situations, expectations, and limited linguistic abilities initially hampered decision making, and bonded grouping, support through understanding, improved research and analysis. and improved linguistic abilities were outcomes. IDEALS is sup-ported by the U.S. Department of Education's Fund for the Improvement of Postsecondary Education (FIPSE).

SimulatlonsiGarnes

SewraJ evenings of the. conference were devoted 10 running games and simulations. Lobuts and James Oldson (USA) ran the simulation I DON'T KNOW I DON'T KNOW. Players were told 10 make decisions based on what they knew about a specifiC topic. They then had to make group decisions. "Jbe compromise entailed in remaking the same decisions allowed players to

Z04 Proceedings ISAGA'93

see that one can actually never be sure that one knows eucdy what it is one does or does not know.

The frame-game, PEOPLE 10 PEOPLE, was run by David Crookall (France). It was used to stimulate ideas and discussion about professional standards and ethics in lhe simulation and gaming profession. Participants made suggestions regarding the responsibilities that each of four groups (designers, facilitators, participants. and assessors) had to one another. Among lhe suggestions made were

• assessors (researchers, observers, publishers, supervisors, game reviewers) should give feedback to facilitators to use in future game run5i

• simulation/game designers should provide full documentatiori to facilitators on goals. evaluation criteria. and points to cover in debriefmgi

• facilitators should provide participants with complete assessment criteria for their pet formancei and

• facilitators should undergo simulation training.

Ideas generated about such issues were taken rather seriously by panicipants, resulting in a very compelitive, contentious experience. It was clear that there were many diverging views on professional standards and ethics, from whether or not a participant has the right to leave a game to the extent of the designer's proprietary rights over her or his simulation.

A simulation ab;;u! ::c~lcl pressure, THE DRINKING GAME, was run by Charles Petranek (USA). Participants were given different drinking-style roles, and were motivated to encourage others to drink alcohol with them. Consequences of drinking behaviors were presented as good and bad events. Participants experienced a time of debriefing to get in touch with their feelings of abandonment, shunning, and unexpeCted consequences ranging from coma and death to falling in love and pregnancy. Despite the sophisti-cation of the garners, participants learned that under certain circumstances. their actions no longer matched their expectations or beliefs._

Claude Bourles (France) presented PROFITS: The Name Of The Game. He demonstrated that training for a population with low-level technological skills must be interactive, hands-on, and not by lecture. Bourles also de-scribed and demonstrated t,is CIVILIZATION •

. Experience of Romania

The 1993. conference. offered many opportunities to see cultural aspects of Romania. A field trip was made to the mountain resort town of Sinaia to visit the former Royal Castle Pete~ and Manastirea Sinaia. The monastery,

' Proceedings ISAGA'93 il8S

occupied as a religious ~t and rnonassery since 1678, houses a typical Romanian rose garden as well as a gallery of historical religious artifacts. Castle Pel~ is a masterpiece of varied style from heavy German carved appointments, oriental weaponry, to fine Venetian glass. Its mountainous seuing was breathtaking and the journey itself provided a view of Romanian life. Driving through the breadbasket of the country, the group saw people working the fields by hand, horse-drawn carts on the highway, and roadside produce markets.

An impressive tour for ISAGA participants was that of the Casa Republicii (People's House), a palace begun by Ceau~u as the Communist party palace. Designed to re a grander Versailles, much of the palace remains unfinished due to Ceau~escu 's construction style. He was not able to visualize from architectural models, so would wait until a section was complete before deciding whether or not he liked iL The main grand staircase in marble was blown up and reconstructed three times before the fall of the regime in 1989, when construction was interrupted. Sections of the interior have deteriorated considerably since then, and as funds allow, the Casa is being reconstructed tore used by the national parliament and as a grand administrative center.

Other Bucharest excursions included trips to the Muzeut de Istorie Naturala Grigore Antipa, which houses the oldest mammoth skeleton in existence as well as one of the world's most extensive natural history collections of animai SiX-cies; the Muzeul Satului, an open-air, folk museum of traditional homes, barns, com cribs, water wheels, water-driven farm tools, and other typical country buildings and implements representing the prov-inces of Romania; and the GrMina Botanica, a large rambling garden filled with walking paths, ponds, and a tremendous collection of fragrant rosebushes. Participants enjoyed walking through the center of old Bucha-rest, viewing the many national monuments and state buildings, navigating the oldest metro in Europe, and one of the cleanest, as well as shopping at favorable exchange rates.

At the conference banquet, served in traditional Romanian style, Eduard RMAceanu surprised participants with individual medals depicting the sig-nificance for Bucharest of the ISAGA conference. Radaceanu was thanked for his diligence and special efforts and the tremendous energy he put into bringing ISAGA to Romania. Dan Ardelea spoke for the Romanian Associ-ation for Decision and Simulation and Games, expressing hope that this conference will make simulation methodology more viable and acceptable. Jan Klabbers welcomed Radaceanu as President of ISAGA for 1993-1994 and invited all to Ann Arbor, Michigan for the 25th annual meeting.

Support for the 1993 ISAGA Conference was provided by the Romanian Institute of Management, University Politehnica Bucharest, the Academy of

206: Proceedings ISAGA'93

Economic Studies Bucharest. the Romanian Academy, the General Associa-tion of the Romanian Engineers, the Dragan European Business School, the British Council, and Perry Lux Infoonatic Luxembomg.

Alcmrrdra N. Bu11Slei11 is Coeditor qf'Simulllioa &; Gcning. SM G&o _.;,ez, conuJiu, tJN1 trans14tu for Edilori.al Service~ /llterNJlioNJI. Ms. Bmuteilllw bull 11 tcdtllicdl writer fiNl editor for Georgetown University and tM National Rez«JTCh Colllldl, writing 0111opicl from Mallia policy to nuclear wa.rtc managenvlll. SM believe~ IMI 1M wt>rld WOIIId be 11 haltltUr ploce if people worked to c0111erve resoiii'Cel fiNl explored 1M optitJiu beyorul Gllopalltic medici~.

Joan K. Teach, PhD., is 1M Dinctor ofLuliWGter Sclt.ool, Gfl alJentD.tive elementary turd middle school in Decatur, Georg ill. LullWGter's COitjlJUIII Emu:atioNJI System ullnuperi.ntiGI duig11, developed to consider the child's intellectual, interpersoMI, and inte"dati0111 self lltro"'ll ~~~ interactive cwriculwn patterMd arolllld tM four quadrants qf lear11U.,. Dr. Tetu:h curnntly lectwu on learnU., .rtylu and iMovatiotuforadaptiw learning in IM CW$TOOI1L Her publislted material$ have 11ppeared as chapters in several boolc.r and as 11rticlu in profossiDMI jowllllls •. SM has lectured i111111J11y US. 1111iver.riliu fiNl confut~~cez, as weU as 111 Canoditm, British •. Dutch. Romt~niM,llnd Frent:lt 1111ivenilies.

ADDRESSES: AB, EditoritJI Service~ llllerMtional, c/o lnstilw d'&wlu PolitiqiiU, Universill d4 Lille II, 50 T1U Glluti!Ur tk CMtillo11, 59000 Lille, Fron.ce.JCT, LullWGter School, 705 S. C11ndler Street, Decatur; GA 30030, USA; telepltoM 404-378-6643.

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